From 65438 to 0840, Britain, which became the number one capitalist power, launched the Opium War to invade China, and the Qing government was forced to sign the first unequal treaty in modern China-treaty of nanking. Since then, China has been reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, and the history of China has entered a modern history marked by the Opium War. This is a history of humiliation of the Chinese nation, an indomitable struggle of the Chinese nation, and an exploration history of generations of China people seeking ways to enrich the people and strengthen the country.
This is a disastrous history of humiliation.
The modern history of China is a history of disaster and humiliation of the Chinese nation, and the people of China suffered from imperialist aggression and bullying. In the modern history of China, imperialist countries, big and small, rushed to invade us. China was forced to sign hundreds of unequal treaties, and the people of China were defeated again and again in the western wars of aggression. These treaties have brought barbarism and humiliation to the people of China.
A series of wars of aggression against China and a large number of unequal treaties pushed China into the abyss of disaster and humiliation, which caused poverty and backwardness in modern China, increased the burden on the people and seriously damaged China's sovereignty and territorial integrity. Therefore, we should remember China's humiliating history since modern times, and remember the historical lesson that backwardness will lead to beatings. Don't forget the past and face the future! Create a brand-new future with our diligence and struggle!
This is an indomitable history of struggle.
While the western powers brutally invaded China, the great Chinese nation and unyielding Chinese descendants waged a series of struggles, some from the bottom of society, some from within the Qing government, some organized, and some spontaneous by the masses.
In the First Opium War, although there were some national scum, the Qing government and patriotic officers and soldiers also fought some heroic battles, and a large number of patriotic generals like Lin Zexu, Deng Tingzhen, Yu Qian, Hailing, Guan Tianpei and Chen Huacheng emerged. In the Second Opium War, there were also heroic scenes of successive struggles. In the Sino-French War, Feng Zicai was fearless, and his leadership achieved great success in the town.
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Liu Yongfu led the Black Flag Army to defeat the enemy, and the patriotic navy showed the spirit of fearlessness and bravery in Mawei naval battle. In the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Zuo, Deng Shichang,, and others died in the line of duty, showing epic heroic deeds. The spontaneous resistance of people everywhere to Japan embodies the indomitable spirit of patriotic struggle of the Chinese nation.
Except for the struggle between the Qing government and patriotic officers and soldiers, the broad masses of the people never gave up their struggle. Where imperialism invaded, it met with resistance. Especially in the First Opium War, the spontaneous anti-British struggle of the people in Sanyuanli, Guangzhou, showed the rebellious spirit of the people in China. 1In the sixties and seventies of the 9th century, there were also a lot of anti-foreign religious struggles.
In the modern history of China, there were two large-scale peasant movements, which dealt a heavy blow to the imperialist forces. The first time was the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement: it was a massive peasant revolutionary movement against feudalism and aggression in China's modern history. While attacking China's feudal rule, it also undertook the task of opposing foreign aggression, which dealt a heavy blow to foreign invaders and quickly broke the western invaders' attempt to colonize China. The second time was the Boxer Rebellion: 1900 broke out, which shocked China and foreign countries. It is an anti-imperialist patriotic movement launched by the people with farmers as the main body to defend national independence. Although it failed, the heroic spirit of the Chinese nation, which is not afraid of violence and sacrifice, made imperialism realize the unconquerability of the Chinese nation.
Finally, after World War I, in order to safeguard national sovereignty, the May 4th patriotic movement broke out in 19 19, which spread all over the country and the working class stepped onto the political stage. The May 4th Movement was a thorough anti-imperialist and anti-feudal movement in China's modern history, which promoted the spread of Marxism and created conditions for the establishment of the * * * production party in China.
This is a history of China's exploration.
In the special period of modern China, China's fundamental task was to safeguard national independence and sovereignty integrity, promote economic development and achieve political progress. In order to accomplish these tasks, in the difficult modernization process of China, advanced China people have made a series of explorations, including government movements, new class representatives, local dignitaries and ideological elites.
In the First Opium War, advanced China people initially realized the modernization of the West. Lin Zexu, Wei Yuan and others put forward the slogan of "learning from foreigners to control foreigners" with a pragmatic attitude, acknowledging backwardness and shortcomings, paying attention to the world, exploring new knowledge, and seeking ways to make the country strong and resist humiliation, which led to a new idea of learning from the West.
Qing government work
As the legitimate government of China, it has also made some explorations and reforms after the disaster. In the course of suppressing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement in 1950s and 1960s, a group of pragmatic and politically experienced dignitaries set off a westernization movement of "learning from foreigners and mastering their skills". On the premise of "taking middle school as the body and western learning as the application", they advocated the movement of enriching Qiang Bing, set up military and civilian industries, planned the navy, set up new schools and sent overseas students. Although the failure of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 declared the bankruptcy of the Westernization Movement, it promoted the development of China's national industry to a certain extent and accelerated the modernization process of China.
After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the "Reform Movement of 1898" rose again, but it ended in failure. The failure of the Reform Movement of 1898 proved that the reformist road could not save China in semi-colonial and semi-feudal China. Since then, the bourgeois revolutionaries represented by Sun Yat-sen have stepped onto the historical stage. After a series of armed uprisings and revolutionary struggles, the Revolution of 1911 was finally won at 19 1 1, which made China move towards democracy, dealt a blow to the imperialist forces in China, overthrew the feudal monarchy for more than 2,000 years, and established the bourgeoisie and government. However, the Revolution of 1911 did not accomplish the task of opposing imperialism and feudalism, and the social nature of China has not changed. 19 19, the patriotic may 4th movement broke out in the Chinese nation. Later, with the establishment of the China * * * Production Party, the China revolution took on a new look, and the people of China found the right direction of exploration, and finally established the People's Republic of China (PRC) at 1949.
History has proved and will always prove that the Chinese nation is a great nation. China people are brave in exploration and enterprising, and China will surely stand among the world powers.
Don't forget the past and face the future! We should inherit and carry forward the great spirit of the Chinese nation, so that China will always stand among the world powers!
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