In February 1979, 1 1, Iran's 2500-year monarchy came to an end, and the only country in the world with a unified church and state was established. The Muslims who won the Islamic Revolution finally chose and created a completely Islamized * * * and national era in Iranian history in three aspects: state power, legal system and social life.

[Edit this paragraph] Overview

Iran is an ancient civilization with a history of five thousand years. Geographically, it borders Russia in the north, the Persian Gulf to the mouth of the Indian Ocean in the south, the South Asian subcontinent in the east and the Arab world in the west. It is rich in oil resources (the reserves are 65.438+0.22 billion tons, ranking fifth in the world). Since the19th century, Iran has become a place contested by Britain and Russia. During the Cold War after World War II, Iran was brought into the sphere of influence of the United States.

[Edit this paragraph] Revolution!

In the early 1970s, international oil prices rose, and the wealth of oil-producing countries in the Persian Gulf increased sharply. The second generation monarch of Pahlavi dynasty hoped to buy a rapidly developing industrialized country with petrodollars. However, with the economic expansion, various potential contradictions in Iranian society have intensified unprecedentedly. Ten years before the rapid economic development was completed, an unprecedented mass movement against Pahlavi broke out in Iran.

1On October 26th, Pahlavi was forced to leave his job. The capital Tehran is crowded with people, and men, women and children flock to the streets, singing and dancing together. Cars driving on the road turned on their headlights and honked their horns to celebrate. Statues and portraits of Pahlavi's father and son, large and small, in streets and squares were pushed down, smashed and burned by the masses within a few hours. This unprecedented social unrest was later called "Islamic Revolution".

[Edit this paragraph] The influence of the revolution

This "Islamic Revolution" movement ended the Pahlavi family's rule over Iran for half a century and was replaced by the "Islamic Republic" represented by Khomeini. The new regime hopes to transform Iran with the help of Shiite ideology of Islam: theocracy, balancing the rich and the poor, supporting the disadvantaged groups, banning western culture, and carrying out social Islamization in strict accordance with Islamic fundamentalism. The United States and Israel are listed as Iran's number one enemies.

On the other hand, the pressure and influence brought by the "Islamic Revolution" was that a large number of senior military and political officials of the old regime were imprisoned or executed, royal property was confiscated, and the rich fled in succession. Coca-Cola, KFC and McDonald's, which symbolize American culture, were swept away along with bars, cafes, cinemas, red light districts and casinos. Islamic discipline permeates every corner of society. Once fashionable Tehran women wore black veil and robes, and the streets and alleys were covered with slogans of "Down with America". But when people walk through the busiest viaduct in the city center, they can't help but think of America.

The change of system, coupled with irreconcilable differences with the United States, made Iran almost an outcast of the international community for a time. In the past 25 years, Iran, which once had a rolling oil and dreamed of becoming the fifth largest country in the world, experienced a sudden decline in its economic development, and some people even calculated that it had gone backwards for 30 years.

Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria and other Arab countries have successively severed diplomatic relations with Iran. In the second year after the Islamic Republic of Iran was founded, it went to war with neighboring Iraq, which lasted for eight years ("Iran-Iraq War"). The war exhausted Iran's national strength and the international situation was very isolated.

[Edit this paragraph] Can Iran escape globalization?

The world is changing, and so is Iran. In the second half of 1990s, with the rapid development of information technology and the wave of globalization sweeping the world, Iran, as a big oil-producing country, could not stay out of it. The ancient Qom Theological Seminary in Iran uses computers and the Internet, and a new generation, accounting for 15% of Iran's population, has grown up, strongly demanding to keep up with the times and change the status quo. In this context, Khatami, a moderate and enlightened religious figure, was elected with an overwhelming majority of 1997 in the presidential election, and reformist parliamentarians who supported President Khatami occupied the majority. The political atmosphere in Iran has gradually eased.

Iran has resumed normal relations with many Arab countries. In 1980s, Iran issued a death sentence to Rushdie, a British writer who wrote Satan's poems. To this end, the European Union frozen its relationship with Iran for 65,438+00 years, which was finally thawed in the late 1990s.

1997 17 In February, Iran successfully held the Islamic Summit, at which President Khatami put forward the "dialogue among civilizations" initiative and advocated the exchange and tolerance of different civilizations in the world. The Islamic Revolution in Iran from 65438 to 0979 established a unified society with the supremacy of theocracy, which was very ideological and political. Now, Iran has to choose between revolution and development, artillery and butter, centralization and pluralism, "export revolution" and "dialogue among civilizations".