Yan Di, the last leader of Shennong tribe, surnamed Jiang, was born about 4000 years ago on the bank of Baoji, Shaanxi Province. Later, two tribes, Yan Di and Huangdi, merged to form the Chinese nation.
biography
Yan Di and the Yellow Emperor are of the same origin, second only to Shennong. According to the report, "Shaodian married Yougao and gave birth to Huangdi and Yan Di. The Yellow Emperor was made by Jishui, and Emperor Yan was made by Jiang Shui. " After Emperor Yan, Jiang surnamed Guo. Today, there are ginger cities in Baoji, and there are ginger cities in the south. "Yan Di tribe developed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. At that time, at the junction of Shaanxi and Henan, there lived the Jiuli nationality headed by Chiyou (an independent Miao nationality). The two sides clashed for a long time because of tribal development, and Yan Di retreated to Hebei.
It is said that "Emperor Yan wanted to invade the princes", and then he had three fierce battles with Xuanyuan Huangdi, whose surname was Ji. This is the first large-scale war recorded in the history of China, and it is called Sakamoto War. Facing the commander-in-chief, bear, tiger, raccoon, Tiger is a powerful rival of totem tribe, but Yandi finally lost, allied with it and surrendered to it, and Huangdi became the son of heaven on behalf of Yandi.
With the expansion of the Yanhuang alliance, more and more tribes submitted to it, but Chiyou refused to accept it all the time, and a big war was inevitable. Chiyou led Jiu Li to fight against the alliance in Zhuolu (now Zhuolu Village, Hebei Province), which was the second war in the legendary era and was called the Battle of Zhuolu. Finally, Chiyou was defeated. Since then, the surname Jiang and the Yellow Emperor have settled in the Central Plains. The word "descendants of the Yellow Emperor" refers to people's tracing and respect for the ancestors of Chinese civilization, Emperor Yan and Yellow Emperor.
According to legend, Yandi's surname is Jiang, which may indicate that he used to eat sheep as his main meat (it is said that he was born in), and he still relied on the tradition of matriarchal society, and sheep and women became one (in addition, Ji, Yi, Yao and Ying also had this feature). Emperor Yan is one of the founders of Chinese humanity. "Emperor Century" says:' Shennong's surname is Jiang, her mother is Renyi, and she has a tall daughter and a famous daughter. As a young woman, I swam in Huayang, having a leading role and feeling like Emperor Yan. As an ox head, he is longer than Jiang Shui. With virtue, fire wins the king, so it is called Emperor Yan. My name was Chen, and I was a disciple of Lu. Also known as Quekui, Lianshan and Shanshi Lie.
Emperor Shennong Yan Di
According to ancient books, Shennong lived 500 years before the Yellow Emperor. Shennong is a clan, which is the first tribal alliance in the legendary history of China. It was founded by Shennong, and its leader was also called Yan Di. Because the king is ruled by fire, it is called Yan Di. Archaeology has confirmed that before the integration of the two tribes, the Yellow River basin had a history of agricultural civilization of more than thousands of years. "Historical Records" said, "At the time of Xuanyuan, Shennong declined." In the era of the Yellow Emperor, Shennong tribe had declined. Shennong and Yan Di, the last generation of Shennong, are two people, and Yan Di is the descendant of Shennong.
According to legend, Shennong tribe made five contributions: First, it made two kinds of farm tools out of wood to teach people to reclaim land. Second, invent agriculture and grow food crops. Third, people didn't have pottery and cookers for eating before, and Emperor Yan began to make them when he was alive. Fourth, if you taste a hundred herbs, you will encounter seventy poisons a day. The purpose of tasting herbs is to understand the medicinal properties of herbs, and then develop the technology of treating diseases with herbs, so Shennong has contributed a great life. Fifth, Lei Zu, who invented spinning, hemp pulling and sericulture with spinning cloth, is a descendant of Shennong. Yan Di and Huangdi, the outstanding leaders of Shennong clan tribe in the later period, gradually formed the Huaxia clan after the integration of the two tribes, so Yan Di and Huangdi are regarded as the ancestors of Chinese humanities. Shennong is one of Huang San, and Yan Di is sometimes listed as one of the Five Emperors.
The Yellow Emperor is the founder of the Chinese nation and the head of the five emperors. He is listed as one of the Huang San in some viewpoints and is recognized as the ancestor of the Chinese nation.
"Huangdi Zhoushi", "descendants of the Chinese people" and "descendants of the Chinese people" have also become the mantra of China people, among which Huangdi is mentioned more often than Yan Di. Yan Di and Huang Didu are the masters of tribal alliance in ancient mythology. Ren Huang, one of Huang San in China's historical legends, is the first of the five emperors in historical records. Huangdi's surname is Gongsun (one said it was Ji's surname), and his name is Xuanyuan. No, Xuanyuan, Xiong You and Ghost Hide.
brief introduction
According to Records of the Five Emperors in Historical Records, "The Yellow Emperor is the son of Shaodian, surnamed Gongsun and named Xuanyuan. ..... The Yellow Emperor lives in Xuanyuan Mountain ". The location of Xuanyuan Mountain is still controversial. It is generally believed that Xuanyuan Mountain is located in Xuanyuan Mountain in Zhengzhou, Henan Province. In ancient times, it was the capital of Xiongguo, and its father Shaodian was the monarch of Xiongguo. Some people think it is located in Qufu, Shandong Province today. On February 2nd, the dragon looked up. According to legend, the Yellow Emperor was born on the second day of February in the summer calendar. His birthplace is Xuanyuan Hill in Xinzheng, Henan Province, and Longxia in Juyuanguan, Shaanxi Province on the Loess Plateau. In the battle of Zhuolu, Chiyou [1] was captured and killed, which won and unified the tribes in the Central Plains. After the war, the Yellow Emperor led an army into the Jiuli area, and immediately at the top of Mount Tai, he joined forces with all the tribes in the world to hold a grand meditation ceremony. Suddenly, a big earthworm and a big cockroach appeared in the sky, and the color was still yellow. People say that he regards Tude as the emperor, so he calls himself the Yellow Emperor [2]. Before that, Emperor Yan formed an alliance with the Yellow Emperor to jointly fight against Chiyou. After the failure of Chiyou, Emperor Yan was dissatisfied with the fact that the Yellow Emperor became the master of the world, trying to regain his lost position and launch a decisive battle. Emperor Yan and Huang started the battle of Hanquan, and the Yellow Emperor won [3]. Since then, the Yellow Emperor's position as the master of the world has finally been established.
It is said that after the Yellow Emperor laid the foundation of the world, he established a national official system, such as the central official in the name of cloud, Qingyun in charge of ethnic affairs, and Jinyun in charge of military affairs, and set up left and right prisons to supervise all tribes in the world. Hou Feng, Li Mu, Chang Xian and Da Hong were appointed ministers to govern the people. He often makes sacrifices to mountains and rivers. He calculated and worked out the calendar according to the gods. He regularly travels to various places to learn about people's living conditions, so he is deeply loved by the people.
In addition, the Yellow Emperor became a * * *, not far from ancient times, and the people's lives were simple and simple. Therefore, the Yellow Emperor taught people to cook and eat cooked food, and created textile technology to make clothes crowns to keep out the cold. He also appointed ministers to be responsible for different technological creations, how to observe the sun and the moon and the planets in Wan area respectively with Chang Yi. Ling Lun created Jia Zi and Li Shou invented arithmetic, and combined the above six technologies to make music and calendars. The Yellow Emperor also ordered Ling Lun and Cui to make musical instruments, such as chimes, chimes, to recite and create words in Cang Xie, to learn painting, to make a happy life, to make an arrow, to wave a bow, and to make a boat with drums and goods.
The Yellow Emperor has four concubines and ten concubines. The first princess named Lei Zuer of Xiling taught people to raise silkworms and weave silk to make clothes. Therefore, she was named "The First Silkworm" and the second princess was named Mo Mu. She was ugly, but noble and respected by the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor * * * had 25 sons, of whom 14 were given surnames [6]. These fourteen people got twelve surnames, namely: Ji, You, Qi, Ji, Teng, Gao, Ren, Xun, Nuo, Yi and Yi. The monarchs of Shao Hao, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Tang Yao, Yu Shun and Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties are all descendants of the Yellow Emperor.
According to legend, Huangdi is also familiar with medical skills, and Huangdi Neijing, a traditional Chinese medicine, is written in the form of a question and answer between Huangdi and Qi Bo on medical issues, which is divided into Su Wen and Ling Shu. But it may actually be the work of later generations under the guise of the name of the Yellow Emperor.
The Yellow Emperor collapsed and was buried in Qiao Shan, which is the Huangdi Mausoleum in Shaanxi today. Since the unification of China by the Qin Dynasty, the annual memorial to the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor has continued throughout the dynasties, and it is called "the first mausoleum in the world". However, in fact, the Huangdi Mausoleum belongs to coffin burial, and the monument in front of the Huangdi Mausoleum also illustrates this point. In addition, according to the literature, when the Yellow Emperor left, there were colorful clouds flying in the sky, which were left by colorful clouds. Many experts understand Cai Yun as a spaceship and think that the Yellow Emperor is an alien. This theory has been recognized by many experts and scholars, and similar content also appears on the front monument of the Huangdi Mausoleum.
Later generations gradually deified the Yellow Emperor. In Zhuangzi, it is mentioned that the Yellow Emperor attained enlightenment and became immortal. "Historical Records" and "Zen" recorded that "the Yellow Emperor fought to learn immortals" and "immortals ascended to heaven"; The Yellow Emperor in Biography of Immortals can also exorcise immortals. Huangdi is considered to be one of the pioneers of Taoism and has a special position.
The Yellow Emperor is honored as the "ancestor of China". Liu Yimou commented that the era of the Yellow Emperor before the flood was the most prosperous: "From the time of humiliation to the time of the Tang Dynasty and the flood, although there is no exact number of years, it is at least several thousand years. Therefore, if we watch its production together, we will be surprised by the number of ancient saints; According to its period, we can see the ugliness of early people. When he sacrificed to farming, he lived a simple life, although there were things like Qin, Gong, Gong and horses. In the era of the Yellow Emperor, the palace, clothes, boats, bows and arrows, documents, pictures, calendars and arithmetic began to be done. So before the flood, the Yellow Emperor was the most prosperous time. " During the period of the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di, Chinese people gradually formed, so they were all regarded as the same ancestor of the Chinese nation, so China people sometimes called themselves "descendants of the Yellow Emperor".
In April, 2007, Tomb-Sweeping Day held a grand ceremony in Shaanxi to offer sacrifices to the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan.