/kloc-After the death of Qianlong in 0/799, Emperor Jiaqing was able to take power. However, Emperor Jiaqing failed to solve the drawbacks, and the Qing Dynasty continued to decline. ? [48]? Daoguang emperor also lost the enterprising spirit of the early monarch, and his ruling style became increasingly conservative and rigid. In officialdom, cronyism, fighting with each other, buying officials and selling titles, and bribery are common occurrences. In the army, the equipment is outdated, the practice is not diligent, the operation is not strict, and the discipline is corrupt. Financially, the national treasury is increasingly in deficit, making ends meet. Class contradictions intensified and the people rebelled everywhere.

Due to official corruption, customs smuggling is serious and opium trade is rampant. 1839, Daoguang Emperor sent Lin Zexu to Guangzhou, the trade center, to announce the ban on smoking. In order to open the China market, Britain launched the Opium War in 1840. The Qing Dynasty was defeated and forced to make peace. 1842, forced to sign an unequal treaty with the British invaders-"treaty of nanking", which opened the modern history of China.

Extended data:

Some major events have taken place:

1, Hong Xiuquan 185 1 jintian uprising, Guangxi, United Heaven and Earth Society and Triad Northern Expedition. Two years later, Jiangning was captured, its capital was set, and the Western Expedition was carried out twice; On May 8, 1853, He Li was ordered to lead more than 20,000 people to the Northern Expedition.

Although the Northern Expeditionary Army once entered the vicinity of Tianjin, it was besieged by the Qing army because it fought alone. Later, Zeng Guofan, Zuo and Li Hongzhang organized Xiang and Huai armies to resist the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. After the Tianjing Incident of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the national strength declined, and some forces turned to the Nian Army. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom finally perished in 1864 under the siege of Chang He Chang Jie, composed of Xiang Army, Huai Army and foreigners.

2. Launch the Second Opium War. By 1860, the British and French allied forces forced the Qing government to sign the Tianjin Treaty and the Beijing Treaty. From 1950s to 1980s 19, the Russians looted the northern territory of China1500,000 square kilometers. According to a series of unequal treaties, China lost a lot of territory, sovereignty and wealth, and the degree of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society was greatly deepened.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Qing Dynasty

Baidu Encyclopedia-Modern History of China