Zhou Yu in history was charming and broad-minded. Cheng Pu, a veteran of Wu Dong, followed Sun Jian in his early years and thought highly of his achievements, looking down on the young Zhou Yu. However, Zhou Yu didn't care about Cheng Pu, and finally persuaded Cheng Pu himself. Cheng Pu said, "You and Zhou Jin's bus friends won't get drunk." In the Song Dynasty, the world still liked Zhou Yu very much, as can be seen from Su Shi's Niannujiao. However, after the Yuan Dynasty, people gradually vilified Zhou Yu, and by the time the Romance of the Three Kingdoms was published, Zhou Yu had completely changed. One of the most important reasons is the relationship between Zhou Yu and Liu Bei. On the one hand, Zhou Yu took the initiative to cut the land on the south bank of the Yangtze River to Liu Bei, but this was largely a diplomatic act. On the other hand, Zhou Yu saw Liu Bei's lean nature and didn't want Liu Bei to grow stronger day by day, so he wrote to Sun Quan, asking Sun Quan to put Liu Bei under house arrest in Jingkou (this is the origin of the honey trap in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, but Zhou Yu didn't do it himself, and Sun Shangxiang was also Sun Quan's initiative to marry Liu Bei), but Sun Quan didn't want to. Zhou Yu and Lu Su took completely different approaches to Liu Bei. Zhou Yu is a radical, while Lu Su sees further. Regrettably, thousands of years later, both of them became subordinates of Zhuge Liang, who was still unknown at that time. Zhou Yu became synonymous with narrow-mindedness, while Lu Su became an incredible honest man.
The first characteristic of Zhou Yu's personality is narrow-minded, jealous of talents and short-sighted. For example, in chapter 44 of the novel, Sun Quan decided to resist Cao and ordered Zhou Yu to organize a war against the enemy. But Zhuge Liang told Zhou Yu that Sun Quan still had concerns. Zhou Yu immediately went to see Sun Quan, as Zhuge Liang said. Zhou Yu thought, "Kong Ming has long had the heart of a marquis of Wu. Its plan is one head higher than mine. It is better to kill Jiang Dongjiu. " It was only because of Lu Su's persuasion that he was not killed. Imagine that if Zhou Yu really killed Zhuge Liang, the alliance between Sun and Liu might break down, which gave Cao Cao an opportunity. It is difficult to predict who will win and who will lose in Battle of Red Cliffs. This shows that Zhou Yu's vision is really short-sighted. Since then, Zhou Yu has repeatedly designed to assassinate Zhuge Liang, such as sending Zhuge Liang to build 100 thousand arrows in ten days in an attempt to kill him by military means; Another example is to send Zhuge Liang to Jutieshan to break Cao Cao's route for providing foodstuff in an attempt to kill him by Cao Cao's hand; Zhuge Liang borrowed the east wind from the Seven Star Altar, and Zhou Yu sent Ding Feng and Xu Sheng to Nanping Mountain with 100 soldiers each, in an attempt to kill them by force and other means. Although the crisis was skillfully resolved by Zhuge Liang, it shows that Zhou Yu is narrow-minded and jealous.
Roche and others, Zhou Yu's other personality characteristics are impulsive and impulsive. For example, Zhuge Liang went to Soochow to discuss the opportunity with Cao Da, and Zhou Yu deliberately said that he would surrender to Cao, so as to coerce Zhuge Liang and ask him to help Liu Bei break Cao. However, Zhuge Liang said: "It is very reasonable for Gong Jin to give up this exercise." When Zhou Yu heard Zhuge Liang's words, he flew into a rage and scolded, "The old thief bullied me too much!" "And he said," I hope Kong Ming can help us break cao thief. "The characteristics of its hospitality and impulsiveness are revealed. Another example is that Zhou Yu wanted to kill Zhuge Liang by Cao Cao's hand and sent Zhuge to Tieju Mountain to cut off Cao Cao's route for providing foodstuff. Knowing Zhou Yu's intention, Kong Ming didn't shirk it. Instead, he took this opportunity to laugh and said, "I heard the children in Jiangnan say,' Take the road and guard the mercy, and there will be Zhou Lang in the battle near the river. "Men are equal to the ground, but the road is guarded; However, Zhou Gongjin cannot fight in the sea. Zhou Yu heard this and said angrily, "Why can't you bully me into the sea? "! I don't need him. I will lead ten thousand troops to Tieju Mountain to cut off the grain road! "For a joke, he ignored the commander's duty, which shows how serious his feelings are, impulsive and impulsive. After Battle of Red Cliffs, he was angry with Zhou Yu, which made him feel that he had given birth to and died of Yu.
Zhuge Liang: In the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge almost grew out of nothing and existed as a god until his death. In Luo Guanzhong's works, Zhuge is a magic lamp to weigh the forces of the Three Kingdoms. Without him, it seems that Zhou Yu would not have decided to go north to resist Cao Cao. Without him, Cao Cao had almost no stories to write after unifying the north.
However, the identity of God has not changed history, which inevitably shows the human side of Zhuge.
Generally speaking, Zhuge is a calm person. Although I expected a famous teacher when I visited the cottage, I didn't lose my tolerance, which not only tested Liu Bei, but also reflected his calm thinking about everything in front of me. In the face of Cao Cao's army approaching, he advised Cao Cao to fight for the nine counties of Jingzhou, and he did nothing for Wei's five-way army, taking his time and being unparalleled.
In addition, he is also a person who can grasp people's hearts and understand other people's personalities, such as Guan Yu's personality, Zhang Fei's personality, Zhou Yu, Lu Su, Sima Yi and so on. So he will win every battle.
However, he also has some shortcomings, such as being too cautious about the use of talents in Sichuan, which led to the fault of talents in Sichuan and even the death of the country.
Zhuge Liang's loyalty
Zhuge Liang is full of gratitude and loyalty to his country. He has a high sense of responsibility and mission. He devoted his whole life to death, and it will always be a banner flying high in the hearts of future generations of intellectuals with ambition, poetry, conscience and sense of justice.
Zhuge Liang's loyalty is a kind of foolish loyalty, in order to repay his kindness. He is only loyal to Liu Bei and his talents, which is a narrow patriotic act. If he loves his country and people, why should he help that helpless man? Didn't the Northern Expedition fail because of Liu Chan's incompetence?
Cao Cao: Readers may be misled by the Three Kingdoms, especially the paperback edition. I'm not very deep either. Cao Cao is ambitious, but he also has many shortcomings. The story of The Three Kingdoms makes him close to the tyrant, but after listening to Yi Zhongtian's analysis, it is more clear that he is "violent", probably because of the difference between him and Liu Quan. Maybe sometimes I don't write as seriously as Cao Cao, and Sima Yi doesn't write as seriously as Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu. Lian Sun (Liu) resisted Cao? Seven captures Meng Huo? Six out to pray for the mountain? Grass boat borrows arrows? Cao Cao cut his beard and abandoned his robe? That's a contrast. People may only see his shadow, but his process from hero to almost complete reunification of the North is worth imagining. The beauty of the moon is sunshine. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was so great, but he was old. How many people explored his confusion? Back to the topic-he cherishes talents very much. When Zhao Yun saved Adou (the son of Liu Bei), he ordered Zhao Yun to be captured alive (of course, he didn't catch him); After the death of his general Dian Wei, he wept bitterly; Huarong Road was defeated and wept for Guo Jia, an adviser who died of illness. If he unifies the whole country, will he become a legend like Genghis Khan? I'm speechless ... but he has such ambitions. Maybe the Three Kingdoms is similar to Huo Yuanjia-slightly changed in history, but perhaps more enjoyable.
Cao Cao's complicated personality is attributed to Cao Cao. In his complex character, it embodies the contradictory unity of good and evil. And because of his sensitive personality, openness and special status (Yi Zhongtian said that he is a quasi-emperor, I think he is the emperor's father, more than the emperor), and he is in an unrestricted and unsupervised position; And his political interests (mainly turf wars, usurping power and stealing the country) are often faced with severe and fierce challenges, which makes his evil develop to a considerable extent, and with the continuous expansion of power, it becomes worse and worse in the future. On the other hand, he has read a lot of books and is a knowledgeable person. His poems and essays are well written, talented and emotional. Therefore, the angels in his humanity are radiant and charming when they appear, and they are often very moving; The devil in his human nature is extremely ferocious, extremely bad and often outrageous as soon as he appears. This is not only a question of human nature, but also a question of system. Of course, there are deeper roots behind the system. Because of space, it is not convenient to discuss.
Why is Cao Cao sometimes good and sometimes bad? Good for who? Evil to who? Sometimes it seems hard to understand, but there are traces. Generally speaking, there are several situations: one is harmful to oneself; First, it is beneficial to yourself; One is for strategic needs; One is due to emotional impulse.
Cao Cao was cruel to royalists and uprooted them. For example, the handling of the so-called Zhao case, the treatment of the imperial doctor's edition and the Shaofu case fully showed their evil. For Yang Xiu, if you kill him, you will never be soft. This is because you are afraid of interfering with the succession struggle between Cao Pi and Cao Zhi in the future. Both Xu You and Yu Xun made great contributions to themselves, but they were ruthlessly turned against by Cao Cao. This is considered harmful to oneself, so I'm sorry, "It's better to die than to die."
Chen Lin for lombardi, scold cao cao. But Cao Cao didn't kill Chen Lin, and let him join his own writing team. This is because Chen Lin is talented and useful to himself; At the same time, you can also make a show by forgiving Chen Lin and let people in Jizhou see it; I don't kill people like Chen Lin. What are you afraid of? No matter what you have done for Yuan Shao, I can allow him to turn over a new leaf. This is also a strategic need. Of course, there is a premise: Chen Lin is harmless, and the scholar rebelled. Within three years, Chen Lin will not make waves.
Zhong Wei is the most trusted person of Cao Cao, but he voted for Zhang Miao. Cao Cao hated his guts and claimed that he would not let him go. But after Zhong Wei was captured, Cao Cao said, "Only he has talent." He is a talented person. ) "let him loose and use it." Don't drive Biqian just because her mother, brother and wife were hijacked by Zhang Miao and fled to Zhang Miao. Later captured, Cao Cao forgave him because he was a dutiful son and regarded him as a portrait of Lu. Because they were all old men, they were loyal to Cao Cao, and later they voted for Zhang Miao for various reasons. Now that Zhang Miao has been defeated, he will not come back. Zhong Wei and Bi Wei are harmless to Cao Cao. Forgiving them for their own use and establishing a good image for themselves are of great benefit in strategy. As for Bian Rang, he was killed because he was talented and not used by Cao Cao. Keeping him can only be cheaper for others.
Cao Cao's massacre of Xuzhou is the biggest stain and the darkest page in his life, and it is also the most vivid example of his devil face. Under the banner of "revenge for the crusade", he has the color of revenge by blood relatives, but the deep-seated reason is the need to compete for territory. If Cao Song's family hadn't been killed, Cao Cao would have fought for Xuzhou, but it was this incident that made him find an excuse. Of course, his slaughter of Xuzhou was related to his emotional impulse, but I'm afraid this is not the main reason. The main reason should be: at this time, Cao Cao had to deal with Lu Bu and compete for Xuzhou, and his troops and material resources were relatively tight. He slaughtered Xuzhou to weaken Tao Qian's manpower and material resources (because Xuzhou people are the source of soldiers, soldiers and taxes), but he was nailed to the shame column of history forever!
There is no good for no reason, and there is no evil for no reason. Good and evil are justified, and merits and demerits are clear. Cao Cao's complicated personality is not difficult to understand.
It is hard for future generations to understand that a ruthless man like Cao Cao did not talk about military affairs in his suicide note, but wrote something like "sharing incense and selling shoes", which was affectionate and heroic. However, Sima Guang, a historian in the Song Dynasty, discovered the mystery. According to the biography of Shan Manbi, Sima Guang said to his disciple Liu Yuancheng (Liu Anshi,No. Yuan Cheng):
"Look at yesterday's reflection, see through. Which funeral of Cao Cao is greater than Zen (Emperor Gaozu ceded the world to Cao Shi)? Everything from inheritance to selling shoes, domestic servants and concubines is described in detail, but there is no mention of Zen. It is a world heritage and enjoys the name of Chen Han. "
In ancient times, Liu Bei's height was roughly measured by several feet. Liu Bei's height is about 1m 74 Guan Yu 2m 1 Zhang Fei 1m 9. In fact, Liu Bei's character is very strong, he failed again and again, got up again and again, and his popularity is particularly good. He often reads history books. Liu Bei has always been a veteran in the war. The following is his specific life and romance of the Three Kingdoms, but it's not too big. Take a look:
"My last name is Liu, Liu Bei. Born in Jixian County, he is also the son of Zhongshan Jing. " Because he is seven feet and five inches long and looks at his ears with his knees down, he is also called "big ears" below, hehe. ...
All right, cut to the chase. Da Er grew up in a poor family and made a living by weaving straw sandals as an adult. He wants money but has no money, wants fame but no one, but he has the heart of an entrepreneur. It is not easy. Think about who can start their own business from scratch now. Ever since, in order to have a little capital, my sophomore year has been involved in the relationship of "uncle". Whether true or not, the name "uncle" is better than nothing, and no one took it seriously at that time. That's why Kong Rong later said that he had heard of Bei, which made his ears excited ... After all this talk, it was nothing more than one thing: Liu Bei didn't get off to a hard start, and he didn't become a lean man again-but please look at those who beat Liu Bei and supported Cao Cao and look at the specific environment objectively.
Let's talk about Liu Bei's royal knowledge.
When Daer started his business, he got some of the best talents in the Three Kingdoms period, as well as his two righteous brothers (there is no such thing as loyalty in history): Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. Guan Yu, in particular, was one of the most advanced soldiers in the Three Kingdoms period. After reading romance and later online articles, many people will think that sophomore year attracts talents by crying to the world, or euphemistically calling it a "hypocrite." Really? In the most turbulent days of Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei remained loyal to him. In addition, Mi Zhu and Jian Yong are not so talented people, can they cry to death? Jokes. Romantic contributions, like Li Shimin, are romantically described as just crying and asking strategists what to do. Everyone knows that Xiao Li is the emperor with the best military talent, right? In fact, Liu Bei is equally wronged.
Why was Liu Bei so depressed at first? In fact, it's very simple, just because of strength. He has no territory of his own and lacks the material basis for success. As a result, he was beaten all over the place. In those days, it was really not easy to rebel without subordinates. Its resistance and charm can be seen. Later outstanding talents, such as Wolong and Huang Yan, worked hard, and most of their talents came from the middle period of the Three Kingdoms (it was rare for outstanding talents to join in the middle and late period). Later, he said to Zhuge Liang that "Ma Su exaggerates and cannot be reused", which proves that he has a higher ability to recognize people than Zhuge Liang.
Bai Di's "Trusting an Orphan" is a brilliant stroke of Liu Bei's employing people and knowing people. Now some people even say that Liu Bei has set a trap to bind Zhuge Liang, saying that he is also a "knife and axe hand behind the account ..." What a good air novel writer. It's simple. If he's not dead, why do you say that? And he died, is this sentence still valid? Can Zhuge not use this as a voucher to seize the position? Compare Cao Rui to Sima Yi ... Everyone knows that Sima Jia is "worthy" of Cao Jia. ......
As for promoting Huang Zhong and Wei Yan and netting the Yizhou scholar-bureaucrat class, these will not be said.
Secondly, talk about his political character.
Liu Bei's slogan was to revive the Han Dynasty, and he called himself an uncle, which was undoubtedly very appealing at that time. Although the actual effect was not as good as that of Cao Cao, it was politically accepted by the literati class loyal to the Han Dynasty. And his political style of generosity, kindness and closeness to the people is most in line with China's traditional political thought.
When it comes to generosity, kindness and closeness to the people, many contemporary people may think nothing of it. You know, our material level now far exceeds that of ancient times. There is no labor system, no strict hierarchy and no harsh criminal law. We naturally feel powerless to be generous, kind and close to the people. Of course, I can't understand what it feels like for a person who works all day to suddenly see a government official who was born in poverty but was generous and close to the people and called himself an uncle, and still paid attention to it in troubled times! Therefore, don't take the so-called "real villain" too seriously, and the leniency at that time was commendable! I don't know what to say when I see many small netizens say that they don't take leniency seriously, but silently ignore Cao's massacre of Xuzhou and die in the pit. Maybe China has really entered the era of pure interests. ......
Liu Beiren's peak work took place during Cao Cao's southern expedition. "Cong and many people around Jingzhou have returned to their owners. More than 100,000 people and thousands of cars in Dangyang, more than ten miles a day. " After Liu Biao's death, Jingzhou officials immediately chose Liu Bei, who won the hearts of the people, instead of Liu Cong. Zhuge Liang advised him to attack Liu Cong and occupy Jingzhou, but he said, "I can't bear it." According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Biao wanted to entrust Jingzhou to Liu Bei when he was dying, but Liu Bei refused. "This man has treated me like a mountain, and now he wants to treat me like a thin man. I really can't bear it."
Walking with hundreds of thousands of people, the daily trip is only a dozen miles. Everyone advised him to go first, and he said, "People must be the foundation of great things. Now that people are mine, why should I give up? " Finally caught up with Cao Cao's butch riding, Liu Bei was defeated, 1W many soldiers broke up, his wife died, and his two daughters left the army, but that damn sinus didn't die ... saying he was putting on a show? That's really mean. War has no eyes. Liu Bei didn't know that he would lose his head? This kind of behavior is rare in the ancient history of China. Militarily, Liu Bei was defeated, but politically, he won eternal praise.
In fact, when Liu Bei settled down, scattered foot soldiers quickly gathered around him (which gave Liu Bei the capital to fight Chibi). After Battle of Red Cliffs, after Liu Bei settled in the south of the Yangtze River, every day, the gentry and common people in Jiangling occupied by Soochow crossed the river to Liu Bei. The so-called popularity is like this.
Tell me more about his military talents.
In the romance, before Zhuge came out, Da Er seemed to be defeated. When Zhuge came out, he gave the handsome seal and everything to Zhuge, and Da Er sat by and listened ... This is really misinterpreted! It is wrong that all the credit of Liu Bei has been replaced by Zhuge. ......
In fact, during Liu Bei's life, he personally commanded the army of Shu Han. Like Cao Cao, a commander with military talent will choose to unify his own army. The only exception of Sanxiong is Sun Quan. This guy has little military talent. He played with all his soldiers and lost a lot ... what he entrusted to his general was effective. For example, Zhou Yu and Lu Xun ... In Han Shu Group, Liu Bei is the leader in military talents, or other generals have not had a chance to show their higher talents than Liu Bei, which is related to Liu Bei's narrow territory and his inability to authorize a general, with Guan Yu as an exception.
Before Zhuge came out, Liu Bei had no territory and few troops, so it was natural to defeat Cao Cao. But with the territory, Liu Bei never lost to Cao Cao in the case of unified forces. Chibi, Rushu, Hanzhong and Yiling are all under his control. Including the conflict with Soochow during the period, he led the army to reinforce Guan Yu and confront Soochow. In order to highlight Zhuge Liang in the Romance, it is incorrect to attribute everything commanded by Liu Bei to Zhuge Liang. There is no doubt that Liu Bei's military ability is inferior to that of Cao Cao, but other generals are not under Liu Bei. This is also the advice of Fa Zheng: "If you are far-sighted and resourceful today, you cannot be a general of the country. If you raise people to discuss, you will be able to overcome it. " Xiahou Yuan was defeated in Hanzhong in the early stage, and Cao Cao himself was helpless in the later stage, which shows Liu Bei's military talent. After all, it makes sense to play when the strength of both sides is relatively close. There is too much difference, and it is useless to have any talent.
Later, in the battle of Yiling, many people asked why Zhao Yun and Huang Zhong were not sent to the battlefield. But I didn't know that Ma and Zhong were dead, and Zhang Fei was stabbed. Shu has not surpassed Liu Bei's commander in chief. Without cutting Wu Dong, Longzhong's national policy could not be implemented, and Liu Bei was bound to attack Wu Dong. Didn't Zhuge Liang advise Liu Bei not to send troops without looking at people in the official history? The defeat of Yiling is similar to the defeat of Cao Cao in Hanzhong (of course, the consequences are much more serious). Both of them were defeated after a long time. The difference is that Cao Cao defeated Liu Bei more times than others, and Liu Bei defeated more times than others. Liu Bei didn't make a big mistake in command, and it's hard to say that he was wrong even if he split his troops into camps. However, there is no doubt that Lu Xun is better than Liu Beiqiang.
Speaking of which, it's strange that Sun Quan's strategy. Obviously, Guan Yu attacked Coss, Cao Bing was defeated, and even Huang Xu and Zhang Liao (the victims of Soochow) were transferred to the front line. At that time, it was better to wait for both Shu and Wei to lose, attack Hefei by themselves and seize the significant Jianghuai area. Sun Biyan can't see this anyway. It's strange that he wants to attack the African Union. ......
Finally, talk about his tough personality.
I've been wandering all my life, and I've been driven everywhere, but I never give up. I am tenacious and determined, which is really remarkable. Repeated blows, separation of wives and children, separation of subordinates, failure can always close doubts and scattered hearts. In the words of MBA, leadership is not strong! In contemporary society, this kind of personality is also admirable, but for the sake of romance, this kind of personality has never been promoted positively. Sadly, few people attach importance to this character in contemporary times. ......
To sum up: Cao Cao has the first-Mover advantage of family background and official position. Sun Quan directly took the inheritance of his father and brother, but Liu Bei started from scratch and stood among the three chivalrous men. Or Cao Cao's evaluation is the most appropriate: "On the heroes of the world, only the monarch and the minister listen."
The questioner's evaluation of the answer:
Ha ha! Sure enough, great minds think alike, so do I.
Zhang Fei: 1. Zhang Fei in Romance of the Three Kingdoms is one of the most familiar and favorite figures for readers. However, this image was created by Luo Guanzhong on the basis of maintaining the basic characteristics of historical figure Zhang Fei, such as loyalty to Liu Shu and being brave and good at fighting, according to the ethics and aesthetics of the civil class. Many people are not familiar with Zhang Fei in history, and even have some misunderstandings or unwarranted guesses.
First of all, what was Zhang Fei like in history? You might say, "leopards have eyes and eyes, and beards and beards." In fact, this is just a popular literary statement, but the biography of Shu Shu and Zhang Fei in the history book "The History of the Three Kingdoms" made no mention of Zhang Fei's appearance. There is a classic description of Zhang Fei's appearance in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms: "He is eight feet long, with a leopard head and eyes and a beard. His voice is like thunder, and he is like a galloping horse. " (Back to 1) Since then, Zhang Fei's appearance has been stereotyped in the readers' minds. Later operas, in order to show Zhang Fei's honest and frank, gave him a bad face. Others say that "Zhang Fei in history was a handsome man", which can only be a guess. ...
Secondly, what is the origin of Zhang Fei in history? ..... Although Liu has a street flavor, and Zhang Feijia is better than Liu Bei and Guan Yu, only Zhang Fei can make people feel kind.
Third, what is Zhang Fei's personality in history? According to the biography of Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Zhang Fei, Zhang Fei in history has the advantages of respecting sages, loving scholars and worshiping gentlemen, but also has the serious defects of bad temper and ingratitude. Romance of the Three Kingdoms, based on the story of the Three Kingdoms, changed the character of historical figure Zhang Fei from "brave and resolute" to "brave and headstrong". This is a very important change. ...
To sum up, in the eyes of the vast majority of China people, Zhang Fei is not a historical figure, but mainly an image of Zhang Fei transformed and reshaped by The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. He not only takes Zhang Fei in history as the prototype, but also has great development and changes. This lovely artistic image is not only unique among thousands of characters written in romance novels, but also opens a series of heroic images characterized by "rough and bold" in Ming and Qing novels, becoming the most influential and irreplaceable "this one" in this image series.
2。 The shortcomings of Zhang Fei's character are bad temper, "no sympathy for villains" and "violent ingratitude" Whether it is the official history of the Three Kingdoms or the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, it is recorded that Liu Bei criticized Zhang Fei for "punishing and killing athletes too hard, and flogging every day is also a way to take trouble." Sure enough, Zhang Fei died at the hands of his men.