Speaking of Liu Xiu and Yin Lihua, there is a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages, that is: "An official should be golden couple, and a wife should be Yin Lihua."
But many people in later generations often misread the meaning of this famous saying. The reason why it is easy to be misunderstood is that later generations extracted this sentence from the Book of the Later Han Dynasty alone, leaving the expression of the context, and reading this sentence alone is naturally easy to be misunderstood. In this respect, this famous saying and Cao Cao's sentence "Better die than die" are one reason.
Zhi Jinwu, together with Jiuqing, is the supreme commander of the northern army guarding the capital, especially the imperial city. More generally, it is basically similar to the commander-in-chief of the central police in modern times. However, misreading often occurs here. Looking at this sentence alone, many people in later generations will think that Liu Xiu wants to be the commander of the central police and marry a beauty like Yin Lihua.
If we put this famous saying back in the history books, we can understand its true meaning.
This famous saying comes from "The History of Empress Guanglieyin in the Later Han Dynasty": Guangwushi is a new field, and after hearing its voice, it is beautiful. Later, when I arrived in Chang 'an, I saw that I was riding a very busy car. I sighed and said, "My official should be someone who holds Jin Wu. If I marry, I should get Yin Lihua." .
Only by connecting with the context can people really understand the meaning of this famous saying. Guangwu lamented that "officials are golden servants" entirely because Liu Xiujian "rode by car", not because of "big official positions". Therefore, discussing the size of the official position of "holding Jin Wu" is not only meaningless to understand the famous saying of Liu Xiu, but also completely deviates from the original intention recorded in historical books.
The reason why Liu Xiu lamented that "the official is a golden servant" has been clearly explained in the Notes of the Four Records of the Later Han Dynasty, Guan Bai and Han Guan Yi:
"Take twips to ride two hundred people, take Ji five hundred and twenty people, and lead from clothes, light path, the current, the strongest. Sai-jo sighed, and being an official is considered as holding Jin Wu ".
Note: "Liao Liao" refers to "civil and military officials"; The name of Liuxiu Temple is "Han Shizu", so the "Shizu" here is Liuxiu.
This passage in "Han Gong Yi" says: When Jin Wu traveled, there were 200 cavalry and 520 halberds, crowding around and shining brilliantly. "Among the generals, Sri Lanka is the strongest", that is to say, among all the officials, no one can match him. Therefore, Han Shizu lamented that to be an official is to be an official like Jin Wu.
Liu Xiu's exclamation became an eternal famous saying in the future, which triggered many * * * sounds of "struggling in troubled times".
According to the Biography of Yuan Zhen in the Old Five Dynasties, Zhu Wen, as the terminator of the Tang Dynasty, once saw the beauty of Zhang Hui, the daughter of the secretariat of the Song and Zhou Dynasties, and let out a "Lihua" sigh. After they got married, Zhang's daughter helped Zhu Wen achieve great things and became a story of five dynasties and ten countries.
According to the examination of Wu Sangui in Qing Dynasty, the essay "Leftover" records that in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Wu Sangui, who was known as a beauty, read the sentence "Being an official as a golden servant and marrying a wife as Yin Lihua" in the history books in his youth, and could not help feeling: "I also got this wish, that's enough!" . [Edit this paragraph] The character has a distinguished life and was born in troubled times.
The Biography of Yin Shi in the Later Han Dynasty records that Yin Lihua was born in a very prominent family, and the Yin family was a descendant of Guan Zhong who assisted Qi Huangong in the Spring and Autumn Period. When the seventh generation of descendants were in charge of repairs, they moved from Qi State to Chu State, where they were named Doctor Yin and later changed their surname to Yin. The Yin family was not only born well, but also a rich family at that time. According to the Biography of Yin Shi in the Later Han Dynasty, the Yin family "has more than 700 hectares of land, and the horse servant is superior to the state monarch". In other words, the Yin family has 10,000 mu of fertile land (700 mu is equivalent to about 35,000 mu), and the slaves of horses and chariots can compete with princes.
Although she was born in a prominent family, Yin Lihua has never been able to enjoy peace and prosperity like her ancestors. The age when Miss Yin Jia grew up was a time of great turmoil and great change. In the late Western Han Dynasty, land annexation intensified, and a large number of farmers lost their land and became slaves. Wang, Fu and other consorts fought against each other and took turns to control the state affairs. In addition, the Western Han Dynasty, which has experienced more than 200 years, is coming to an end. In 9 BC, Wang Mang, the consort and consort who had mastered all political power, abolished Liu Ying, the emperor at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, and became emperor on his own. The founding of the People's Republic was called "Xin" and the Western Han Dynasty perished. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), in the face of unprecedented intensified social contradictions, Wang Mang successively promulgated a series of reform measures, such as "Wang Tianling" and "Private Ownership Order", in an effort to save the crumbling feudal ruling class superstructure. However, the reform met with unprecedented fierce opposition and resistance from powerful bureaucrats. The measures of the New Deal were too radical and fierce, and the New Deal ended in failure. In addition, in the last few years of Xin Mang, natural disasters such as floods and droughts continued, and the people had to take risks to make a living. Finally, during the Tianfeng period in Xin Mang, the Greenwood Red Eyebrow Uprising broke out. At that time, the quartet responded, and the world was in chaos!
Heroic beauty, * * * times are hard.
As the saying goes, "Every 500 years, there will be a king." Every time the troubled times come, there will always be a king born, ending the troubled times and bringing peace to the world. In the melee at the end of the new dynasty, a figure stepped onto the historical stage, that is, Liu Xiu, the founder of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the ancestor of Guangwudi.
Liu Xiu, originally a descendant of the declining royal family of the Western Han Dynasty, can be traced back to Emperor Jing of the Western Han Dynasty. Although nominally a descendant of the royal family, it has nothing to do with the royal family when it was actually uploaded to Liu Xiu's generation. Liu Xiu's clan is basically the same as the Bri civilians in their hometown. Liu Xiu has a brother-in-law, who lives in Xinye, Nanyang County, so he often goes to Xinye's brother-in-law's house, and is related to the Yin family of Xinye family. With this opportunity, Liu Xiu has the opportunity to get in touch with Yin Lihua, the precious daughter of this new family. The history books don't explain how deep the relationship and love with Yin Lihua are, but one thing is clear: Miss Yin's beauty impressed her so much that she went to Chang 'an to study and accidentally saw a group trip. This spectacular scene deeply shocked Liu Xiu. For a time, Liu Xiu was full of thoughts and couldn't help but sigh: "If you are an official, you have to be an official to make such a big splash. If you marry a wife, you have to marry a beautiful woman like Yin Lihua." According to the Han Palace Instrument cited in the Four History of Guan Bai in the later Han Dynasty, Zhi Jinwu's official position is not the largest among the hundred officials, but in terms of momentum and ostentation, Zhi Jinwu ranks first among the hundred officials, so the scene of his trip is extremely grand, which attracted Liu Xiushen, the ancestor of the later Han Dynasty.
At the end of the new dynasty, wars were everywhere. Ada, Liu Xiutong's brother, took advantage of the Fuling Rebellion to unite outlaws who set up flags to rebel earlier than them, and sent troops to rebel under the banner of "fighting against the headstrong and prospering the Han Dynasty". With the expansion of outlaw heroes, Liu Xuan, the imperial clan of the Western Han Dynasty, was promoted to be the emperor of the Rebel Army, known as "Emperor Geng Shi" in history. With the help of their own power, the generals of the outlaw hero made Liu Xuan emperor, which further aggravated the contradiction between the outlaw hero and the Nanyang imperial clan headed by Ada. At the end of May, the fourth year of Emperor Xin Mang, Ada led the army to conquer Wancheng, an important town in the Central Plains, and Ada became famous, which caused great anxiety of Liu Xuan and the heroic generals in teh. Finally, shortly after the conquest of Wancheng, the contradiction between Ada and turning over a new leaf became more superficial because of a Ministry problem, so Chiang Kai-shek beheaded Ada in Wancheng on the grounds of "offending imperial power". Ada, who was determined to fight in the world, was so brave that even the mang army was in awe of the name Ada, but it ended up like this. In June, Wang Mang sent 420,000 soldiers and horses from various counties to Kunyang in order to wipe out the growing heroes of greenwood. The famous Kunyang War broke out between the two armies in history. Liu Xiu was calm, convinced other generals to defend the city, and rode his life with 13 to find reinforcements. Finally, under the attack of Liu Xiujun and Kunyang Garrison, Wang Mang's 420,000 troops were completely annihilated. Liu Xiu was the first hero in the Battle of Kunyang. Since then, he has been famous all over the world. After this campaign, Liu Xiu led the army to the north non-stop, and then attacked the father city. At this time, Ada's death came, and Liu Xiu was very shocked and had to worry about his fate. In addition to apologizing back to Wancheng, I did three things after careful consideration:
I don't show Kunyang's achievements, so as not to cause jealousy and anxiety about turning over a new leaf.
Second, he didn't personally contact Ada's subordinates, and said that Ada was guilty, and he also had a great responsibility.
Three don't mourn for Ada, and decided to marry Yin Lihua immediately.
Unlike his brother's sharp-edged personality, Liu Xiu is introverted. In the eyes of people who start a new stove, Liu Xiu is submissive and far less threatening than his brother. In addition, the Quartet War did not go smoothly, and Liu Xiu still has use value. Therefore, Liu Xuan was not only harmless, but named him Wu Xinhou. In June of the first year, Liu Xiu finally married Yin Lihua, a beautiful woman he had missed for many years, in Wancheng. At the end of May, XX was killed, and in June, Liu Xiu got married and entered the palace, which violated the common sense of ancient people's weddings and funerals, and even got scolded behind their backs. According to the "Dong Guan Han Ji Shi Zu Guang Wu Di Ji", in this case, Shi Zu's "multi-power strategy" is true. By getting married, Liu Xiu not only gave up her long-cherished wish for many years, but also made the monarch and subjects who turned over a new leaf feel more at ease. Ada was killed, if you don't do a few more things, turn over a new leaf will not easily let Liu Xiu go. There is a fact worth pondering, that is, Yin Lihua will take great political risks when she marries Liu Xiu at this time. Now that he has become Liu Xiu, he is likely to die because of Liu Xiu's involvement, and even one door will be implicated. The two women who had the greatest influence on Liu Xiu's life, including Guo Shengkun later, did not marry Liu Xiu in the case of peace and prosperity, but came from Liu Xiu in the crisis of troubled times. Ten years later, that is, the ninth year of Jianwu, I was saddened by the misfortune of Yin's family (when the "thief" took advantage of the emperor's position at the front line of Longyou, not the opportunity of the capital, mobilized troops to make an insurrection and killed Yin Lihua's mother and brother), and quoted the old saying in the imperial edict:' I will be afraid, but I will give it to you. Turn peace into happiness, and you turn it into', that is to say, "I was with you when I was in danger, and now I am happy and rich, but you abandoned me." Liu Xiu seems to express her remorse by Yin Lihua's tone, expressing her deep guilt about Yin Lihua's concubine status. It can be seen that although many years have passed, Liu Xiu still remembers Yin Lihua to accompany him to spend the most fearful time in his life in Wancheng.
Take a wife after Hebei.
In September of the first year of turning over a new leaf, Liu Xiu got along with his beloved wife Yin Lihua only three months later. Because of turning over a new leaf and sending Liu Xiuxi to Luoyang, Liu Xiu had to send Yin Lihua back to Xinye's family and went to Luoyang alone. After the demise of the new dynasty, there was no order in the world and various forces appeared one after another. Among many forces, the Gaidi regime, which destroyed Xin Mang's main force and occupied most parts of Guanzhong and Central Plains, began to issue imperial edicts as a new world master under the slogan of reviving the Han Dynasty. However, in troubled times, the rule that "Ma Zhuang is king when the army is strong" will never change. Will many separatist forces rising in the peasant war at the end of the new period be subject to the regime of starting a new stove? Although Fan Chong, commander-in-chief of the Red Eyebrow Army, came to Chang 'an to see Liu Xuan, he actually came to wait and see the situation, and his hundreds of thousands of troops remained in Shandong. The situation in Hebei is even more mixed. The three kings of Hebei have their own heavy forces and their own disloyalty. Nearly a million peasant rebels, such as Ma, Youlai and Gao Hu, are also active in the area north of the Yellow River. In addition, Dou Rong guards Hexi and Gongsun Shu follows Bashu, all of whom are mercenaries and self-respecting to observe the general trend of the world. At that time, there was a saying among the people: "Harmony is in the red eyebrow; If you can't get it, it's in Hebei ",which means that whether the regime can really occupy the world again depends on two aspects: first, whether it can make the red eyebrow surrender, and second, whether it can firmly control the land of Hebei. Qin Shihuang decided to "send an important official to comfort Hebei", but Liu Xuan hesitated about the candidate. After weighing the pros and cons, he decided to send Liu Xiu to visit Hebei.
Except for a few followers, Emperor Chiang Kai-shek did not send any military forces to Liu Xiu. Liu Xiu only holds a scepter representing the regime of "starting a new stove", so it is called "Liu Xiu's trip to Hebei". Shortly after Liu Xiugang entered Hebei, a man named Wang Lang claimed to be the son of Emperor Cheng. In order to avoid the persecution of Zhao's sisters, he was forced to remain anonymous. With the support of Zhao Miao, Wang Liulin and others, Wang Lang proclaimed himself emperor in Handan. The whole world was surprised at that time. The kings of Hebei originally had the heart of calling themselves emperors and standing on their own feet. Now, the emperor's emissaries have arrived in Hebei, simply building their own numbers and being completely independent. Wang Lang knew that Liu Xiu was his biggest enemy in Hebei, so he offered a reward of 100,000 households to hunt down Liu Xiu. At this time, Jie also set out to respond to Wang Lang and arrested Liu Xiu behind closed doors. History: Liu Xiu and others "dare not go into the city and leave the esophagus in the morning", which is very embarrassing. However, not all Hebei heroes responded to Wang Lang's orders. Ren Guang, Cheng Taishou, Tong Pi, Herry Liu, Geng Chun and other Jie Jun people have devoted themselves to Liu Xiu's work. After Liu Xiu received the military forces from the viceroy and Chengcheng counties, he sent his troops against Wang Lang. However, at this time, Liu Yang, the most powerful true king among the three kings of Hebei, joined Wang Lang in Handan, which gave Liu Xiu a great blow. After the pacification, Liu Xiu felt that among the three kings in Hebei, the true king had not been dead set on following Wang Lang, and Liu Yang might be won over, so he sent Herry Liu to lobby the true king. After Herry Liu was appointed, he went to Zhending House to lobby, but he really persuaded Zhending Yang to abandon Han and follow. However, the 100,000 troops of the Calm House did not belong to Liu Xiu in vain. He also put forward a condition that Liu Xiu should marry him and his niece Guo Shengtong. This Guo Shengkun was born great. Her grandfather was the seventh grandson of the emperor, and he was really respectful to Wang. Speaking of it, she is a Han clan like Liu Xiu, just like Emperor Han Jing. Although they are related by imperial clan, Liu Xiu doesn't want to get married. "It's Yin Lihua who marries his wife". A few months ago, Liu Xiu married the beauty of his dreams, and his wish has come true. But only for Wang Lang, Liu Xiu has felt the strength of the thin. If we increase the number of troops from the real government by more than100000, Liu Xiu's situation will be even more dangerous. In order to strive for the military forces of the Calm House for their own use, Liu Xiu finally decided to personally go to the Calm House to marry the niece of the Calm King. In the second year of turning over a new leaf, that is, in AD 24, just a few months after he married Yin Lihua in Wancheng, Liu Xiu went to Calm House to marry his second wife, Guo Shengkun, in order to run Hebei.
Restart in the second year in May, Liu Xiufa headquarters and Liu Yang stationed, * * * against Handan. Geng Yan, Monocrystal and other leading troops rushed in Youzhou, breaking the enemy, and Wang Lang suffered heavy casualties. Liu Xiu couldn't help but sigh: "I heard that I suddenly rode on the elite soldiers in the world, and now I am happy to watch it fight." When Wang Lang saw that the tide was running out, he sent envoys to demand surrender. When the generals saw it, they all said, "Your master is indeed the son of Cheng." Liu Xiu said: "Even if Emperor Cheng himself is resurrected, he will not get the world, let alone a person who pretends to be his son." The envoys came back angrily. Soon, the city of Handan was broken and Wang Lang was killed on the road. Whether this Wang Lang is really a prince who fled to the people to avoid the persecution of Zhao sisters has become an eternal mystery. The reason why Liu Xiu was able to defeat Wang Lang was not only the submission of the imperial army, but also the world-famous Yuyang and Shanggu Tuqi. From then on, Zhou Bei Tuqi followed Liu Xiu and made great achievements in sweeping the world and laying the foundation of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
After attacking Handan, Liu Xiu successively put down hundreds of thousands of peasant troops such as Tongma, Youlai and Gao Hu, and the whole area north of the Yellow River was owned by Liu Xiu. In AD 25, with the support of all the generals, Liu Xiu ascended the throne in Qian Qiu Pavilion in Juancheng, Hebei Province, claiming the title of emperor and establishing Jianwu. At this time, Liu Xiu, according to the records of the later Han Dynasty, was already "taking millions across the state" and had the capital to compete with the world.
In July of the first year of Jianwu, Liu Xiu sent his troops south, and sent Geng Yan, the general of Jianwei, to join forces with Wu She to stop Chimei from advancing eastward. At the same time, Fu Wuhan, a title of generals in ancient times and other eleven generals were sent to directly win Luoyang and surround it layer by layer. In September, as an expert in restarting, Zhu Bi saw that Luoyang was already an isolated city, and he was desperate to lift the city. In October, Liu Xiu made Luoyang its capital. Later generations said: "Gaozu was born in Guanzhong, so Chang 'an is the capital; "Guangwu originated in the East, so it is the capital of Luoyang."
The first year of Jianwu was not only the year when Liu Xiu laid the foundation stone, but also the year when Liu Xiu's two women, Yin Lihua and Guo Shengkun, were not calm. This year, Guo Shengkun, who has been accompanying him in Hebei, gave birth to Liu Xiusheng's first prince, later Jiang. This is not only a great event for Liu Xiu, but also a great event for the whole Eastern Han Dynasty. In addition to joy, Guo had to face another thing. Attendant Jun Fu was ordered to escort another woman, Yin Lihua, namely Liu Xiu to Luoyang. To Yin's family, Guo Shengtong is a stranger and Yin's beauty is abnormal. Obviously, she is not the person Guo Shengkun wants to see. For Yin Lihua, Liu Xiu left with her two years ago. After that, she went through many twists and turns with her family and lived in fear. She finally hoped that the two could get back together, but things had changed. The former husband not only became the emperor, but also had a woman he had never met, and their blood flowed through her. Yin Lihua's mood can be imagined. As the old saying goes, "Kings and princes are alike". At the beginning of the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were emperors and emperors, and Guo and Yin were honored as nobles. Of the two nobles, Liu Xiuben was infatuated with Yin Lihua, so he wanted Yin Jia to be his heir. Ancient women were not proud of being younger, but Yin's firm words were not affected at all. "Self-criticism is not enough to be a senior" (see "History of the East View", Volume 6). Yin Lihua's reasons for insisting on being a junior are quite complicated:
First, although it won the favor of the emperor, it is difficult to convince everyone.
Compared with Guo Shengkun, one of Yin Lihua's greatest advantages is her beauty, which is very popular with Liu Xiu. Although the son of heaven loves him very much, his civil servants and military commanders, especially the heroes from Hebei, are not convinced. Although Guo Shengkun married Liu Xiu a few months later than Yin Lihua, it was the marriage of hundreds of thousands of troops from the government that changed the situation in Hebei at once. Guo Shengkun also accompanied Liu Xiu to pacify Hebei and made great contributions to the country. The civil servants and military commanders who followed Emperor Guangwu to pacify Hebei only knew that there was Guo Shengtong, but they didn't know there was another Yin nobleman. In addition, the Guo family, like the Han family, is a relative of the previous dynasty. At this point, the identity of the Guo family is far more noble than that of the Yin family. This is more conducive to Liu Xiu's future reunification. It is also very important that the Guo family gave birth to Liu Jiang, the eldest son of the emperor, while the Yin family did not have a prince. Therefore, it is really difficult to convince the public to establish the Yin family.
Second, the country is the most important, natural and elegant.
Judging from the later history, Yin Lihua was a very important person, who neglected his own interests. In the third year of Emperor Yongping of Han Ming, a minister invited the queen to make a ceremony, but Emperor Han Ming said nothing, while Yin Lihua, who had already become the empress dowager, said, "Ma Guiren is a human being, even he is a human being." The queen mother opened her mouth, and many ministers and concubines in the harem had nothing to say. Ma Guiren, the youngest daughter of Fu Bo General Ma Yuan, who made great contributions to the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty, is famous for her "horse cover". Ma Guiren is smart and delicate, and has the virtue of mother instrument. She is the best candidate for the queen, but she has been with her since she became a prince, but she has never given birth to a son and a half. There are other concubines around Ming Di, such as Yin Guiren and Jia Guiren, and this Yin Guiren belongs to the Yin family. Yin Lihua did not take advantage of the rights of his empress dowager and the fact that Ma Shi was infertile to push the Yin nobles of his family to a lower position. On the contrary, he put the overall situation first and supported Ma Yuan's daughter, who has both ability and political integrity. This is valuable now. Looking at the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty, it is a major feature of the politics of the Han Dynasty that the later Han family controlled state affairs. The Yin family not only followed Emperor Guangwu all his life, but also put another Ming Ma De, who was praised by later historians as the "Empress of Immortals", on the back of the Eastern Han Dynasty. As a generation of sages, Mingde Ma Huanghou had a far-reaching influence on the Ming and Zhang regimes.
In June of the second year of Jianwu, Guo Shengtong was made queen and his son Liu Jiang was made prince.
Although Liu Xiu made Luoyang its capital, in fact, Liu Xiu Group was only one of many separatist regimes at that time. In the second year of the restart (AD 24), the Red Eyebrows attacked Chang 'an in two ways, and the restart suffered several failures and three auxiliary shocks. At this time, Liu Xiu ordered Deng Yu to lead the army of the Western Expedition to approach Guanzhong. Under the attack of Red Eyebrow and Deng Yu, this renewed regime was in a desperate situation. In October of the third year of restarting, Liu Xuan surrendered to the Red Eyebrow Army and presented Wang Mang's decree, thus restarting the demise of the regime. After the failure of the comeback, the red eyebrow mercenaries numbered one million and occupied the old capital Chang 'an. However, raising food and grass for thousands of troops is a big problem. At this time, Deng Yu's Western Expedition Army was close to the suburbs of Chang 'an, and it soon occupied the land of stationing grain. Due to the shortage of food, he had to lead his troops out of Chang 'an in an attempt to replenish food and grass in Longyou. As a result, he was stopped by the army of Xiao Wei, a separatist regime in Longyou, and had to return to Chang 'an in the east. At this time, it was catching up with the heavy snow, and the Red Eyebrow Army suffered heavy losses. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty said, "Every time there is heavy snow, there are many potholes and people freeze to death." After a bloody battle, the Red Eyebrow Army repelled Deng Yu who occupied Chang 'an and regained Chang 'an. After that, Chi Mei defeated Deng several times. Liu Xiu, who was far away in Luoyang, saw that Deng Yu had been defeated in many wars, and sent Feng Yi instead of Deng Yu to command the army of the Western Expedition. Deng and Feng teamed up to fight again, and the result was a fiasco. Deng Yu felt ashamed and resigned. In December of the second year of Jianwu, "Hunger in Guanzhong, food is the most important thing for the people", the Red Eyebrow Army had to give up Chang 'an's eastward advance again, and fought with Feng's ministries on the way. The red eyebrow was defeated and suffered heavy losses. Liu Xiu expected that Red Eyebrows would move eastward, determined to carry out a big strategic decisive battle and tried to solve the largest military group in Guanzhong in World War I ... Liu Xiu sent a traitor general Hou Jin to join the army in Xin 'an; General Gengge of Jianwei entered Yiyang area; As a mobile unit, the troops commanded by Fu Wuhan assembled near Luoyang. Plus Feng Yi's Western Expedition Army, the Red Eyebrow Army has fallen into the strategic encirclement set by Liu Xiu at this time. In the first month of the third year of Jianwu, hundreds of thousands of Red Eyebrow Army, who had no food and no way out, were forced to surrender to Liu Xiu and presented the decree of turning over a new leaf. At this point, since Wang Mang Tianfeng was five years old, the Red Eyebrow Uprising Army, which has been in the Central Plains for nearly ten years, was strangled in a pool of blood by Liu Xiu. When Deng Yu and Chimei fought in the Western Front, Liu Yong, the eighth grandson of Liang Xiaowang in the former Western Han Dynasty, proclaimed himself emperor in Suiyang. Historically, it is said that "Dong Xian, Zhang Bu and others United * * *, so they monopolized the East". In order to cut off the great threat of Liuyong Military Group to Luoyang, the capital, it was built in Jianwu for two to six years. After five years of fierce fighting, Liu Yong, King of Liang, and his subordinate Zhang Bu were put down one by one. Among them, Jianwei General Geng Yan led Youzhou to ride a chariot, and made outstanding achievements, pacifying more than 70 cities in one fell swoop. The famous saying of later generations "Where there is a will, there is a way" was praised by Liu Xiu. After the establishment of the Central Plains, Xiao Wei, who was entrenched in Longyou, and Gongsun Shu and Liu Xiu, who were based in Bashu, formed a foothold. In April of the sixth year of Jianwu, Liu Xiu toured Chang 'an and deployed the Battle of Longyou. In May, seven generals, including Gai Yan, launched a campaign against Longyou. In the battle of Longyou, the Han army was defeated and had to return to Chang 'an. In the eighth year of Jianwu, Liu Xiu fought Longyou again. The two sides fought fiercely in Lueyang and Xicheng for several days, and Xiao Wei suffered heavy casualties. At this point, the generals and Zhou Zong led the reinforcements of Xishu to kill, but the already exhausted Han army failed to form an array in a panic and was completely defeated. Xiaowei attacked behind, and the hay was running out, so the Han army had to rout all the way back to Guanzhong. Liu Xiu failed in attacking Longyou twice, which Liu Xiu has never encountered since the United War. The long-term war consumption made the situation of Xiao Wei Group quite difficult. In the spring of the ninth year of Jianwu, Xiao Wei died of grief and indignation, and Xiao Wei will support his son Kun Chun to succeed him. In the autumn of the tenth year of Jianwu, Liu Xiuqin went to Longyou and crusaded against Longyou for the third time. In the end, the Han army breached the city gate, and Zhou Zong and other Longyou generals went out with Xiao Wei's son in the spring, and Longyou was flattened. Longyou has been a mountainous place in the northwest since ancient times, with abundant military forces and elite cavalry, which is easy to defend but difficult to attack. The battle of Longyou, which lasted for four years, was extremely difficult. Even the "ever-victorious general" Liu Xiu left an eternal sigh that "the people are in trouble, Shu is looking back, and every time they send troops, their heads are white"! After the demise of Longyou, the collection of western Shu became the last step of the great cause of reunification. Gongsun Shu, the "married son of heaven", proclaimed himself emperor for more than ten years. The people of Xishu came to their senses and helped Xiao Wei in Longyou against the Eastern Han Dynasty many times. Gansu Pingyou is divided into six parts, Liu Xiu is fifth, and Xishu is immune to it. It is only a matter of time before it dies. In the 12th year of Jianwu, Liu Xiu expert Wu Han attacked Chengdu, and Gongsun Shu, the "married emperor", perished. From the first year of Jianwu to the twelfth year of Jianwu, the unification war, which lasted 12 years, came to an end.
During the 12 years' unification war, Liu Xiu's two women also underwent subtle changes. In the fourth year of Jianwu, the nobleman Yin Lihua followed Liu Xiu's northern expedition to Chong Peng and gave birth to his first son, Liu Zhuang. As a queen, Guo Shengkun gradually fell out of favor and expressed her dissatisfaction and anxiety in front of Liu Xiu. The relationship between the queen and the queen is quite tense. In the seventeenth year of Jianwu, Emperor Guangwu decided to abolish Empress Guo as Empress Sun Yat-sen, and to appoint Yin as Empress. Guangwudi wrote to Sangong and said:
"The queen with a grudge, several times in violation of fatwas, unable to caress it, training room. If you see an eagle in the palace. Without the virtue of Guan Yu, there is the wind of Lu and Huo. How can you entrust a young orphan with respect and respect? Today, I sent Da Situ and Zong to the festival, and the queen on it signed a letter. Yin Guiren is a good family in the village and belongs to the humble. I haven't seen myself for three years. It is right to serve the ancestral temple and be the mother of the world. It was an honor for the master to elaborate on the old classics. The abnormal thing is not a national rest, not a birthday celebration. "
The Empress Dowager is a thrifty housekeeper who doesn't like to play or laugh. Kindness, filial piety and kindness. After Emperor Hanming ascended the throne, Yin Lihua was honored as the Empress Dowager. In the seventh year of Yongping, Yin Lihua died and reigned for 24 years. [Edit this paragraph] According to historical records, Li Hua, the queen of light violence, is a new savage in Nanyang. The original martial arts were suitable for new fields, and I was flattered by it. Later, when I arrived in Chang 'an, I saw that I was riding a very busy car. I sighed and said, "My official should be the master of Jin Wu. If I get married, I should get Yin Lihua." In June of the first year, at the age of 19, he was admitted to Wandangli. Guangwu, a captain, went to Luoyang in the west and returned to Xinye after giving the order. After Deng Feng started fighting, his brother knew, and then his family moved to Ganyin and stopped at the mansion. Emperor Guangwu acceded to the throne, and later assisted Sui, Imperial Secretary Ning Ping to enter Luoyang, and later became a noble person. After becoming an emperor, he was elegant and wanted to respect the throne, but later he resigned. Because the Guo family had a son, he refused to be an emperor, so he established the Queen Guo. Jianwu four years, from Chong Peng, was born in Yuanshi County. Nine years later, a thief robbed and killed her stepmother Deng Shi and her brother? 6? 0, the emperor was very hurt, but he wrote a letter to Da, which said: "When I was humble, I married into the Yin family and parted ways because of conquering soldiers. Fortunately, we are safe. To be a noble person with the beauty of mother instrument, you should stand up for the future, while being firm and brave is listed as a concubine. I praised his righteous act and promised my brothers. Not a knight, but a misfortune, mother and son share the same life and suffer the same injury. " Xiaoya said,' I will be afraid, but I will give it to you. Jiang' an jiangle You turn around and abandon. "The ring of the wind can be careless? Lu Wei, the father of the clan, thanked Hou Xiong for his kindness? 6? 0 is the duke of Xuanyi, and the younger brother is the heir to mourn the duke. And the body is in the hall, so that doctors in Taichung can pay homage to seal letters, such as a ceremony in the countryside. It is an honor to have a soul! " In seventeen years, the queen Guo and the nobles were abolished. The imperial edict was issued, saying, "The empress bears a grudge and has violated several religious rules, so she can't take care of her son and teach another room. If you see an eagle in the palace. Guan Ju has no virtue, but he has the wind of Lu Huo. How can he entrust a young orphan with respect and respect? Today, I sent Da Situ and Zong to the festival, and the queen on it signed a letter. Yin Guiren is a good family in the village and belongs to the humble. I haven't seen myself for three years. It is right to serve the ancestral temple and be the mother of the world. It was an honor for the master to elaborate on the old classics. The abnormal thing is not a national rest, not a birthday celebration. "After he ascended the throne, he was polite, less fun, and didn't like to laugh at and tease. Kindness, filial piety and kindness. I lost my father at the age of seven. Although it has been several decades, I have never stopped crying. The emperor often sighed when he saw it. Xianzong acceded to the throne, and the queen was the empress dowager. In the winter of Yongping for three years, the Empress Dowager bought the descendants of her former residence, perineum and Deng's old friend and gave them to her. Seven years, collapse, twenty-four years in office, sixty years old, buried in the original mausoleum. Ming Di has filial piety and love, but he has no worship. In the first month of the seventeenth year, I visited the original mausoleum and dreamed of the first emperor and the queen mother at night. I am so sad that I can't sleep, that is, the case calendar, Ming Dan Riji, led hundreds of officials and old guests to the mausoleum. On that day, the nectar jade spirit tree was lowered, and the emperor ordered officials to take it as a recommendation. After the meeting, the emperor squatted down from the table and looked at the queen mother in the mirror. He was moved to tears and made the clothes look good. I dare not look up when I cry on both sides. [Edit this paragraph] Later generations commented on Ye Fan: He was thrifty in his post, did not like to play, and did not like to laugh and tease. Kindness, filial piety and kindness. -model "were"
The fifth theory of Sikong: Although the modern Guanglie Queen loves heaven, she suppressed Yin's family and did so with power. -"Purple Tongzhi Sword"
Li Zhi: "After that (referring to Empress Yin Lihua), the means will not be reduced because of Wu Cairen (namely Wu Zetian)." "Heroes often end up fooling around with their wives. (This sentence refers to Liu Xiu) "—— Comments on Li Zhi's History Outline, a great thinker in Ming Dynasty.
Li Bai: "There are many flowers, Nv Jiao in Han Dynasty, and Zhu Yan in Han Dynasty" —— From Li Bai's Journey to the South, a great poet in Tang Dynasty.
Yu Xin: "Out of the Pear Blossom Palace, Down from the Feiyanlan Palace" —— One of the representative works of Yu Xin, a literary master in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Spring Fu.
Nan: Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, there are very few empresses who can be called virtuous in the imperial era. For those emperors who started businesses, except Yin Lihua of Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, Ma Huanghou of Zhu Yuanzhang, such as Li Shimin's eldest grandson, should all take a back seat. —— Excerpted from the original work of Nan, a master of Chinese studies, "College Whispers".