From the Book of Rites compiled by Dai Sheng in the Western Han Dynasty.
Excerpt from the original:
The gentleman said: Great virtue is not an official, the road is not a device, great faith is not kept, and the times are uneven. Observe these four things, and you can be interested in this. It was also the first and last time that the Three Kings offered sacrifices to Sichuan. Or source of goods, or commission, this is called service book!
Translation:
The gentleman said: "A person with high virtue can not only hold an official position; The universal law applies to more than one thing; True trustworthiness does not require a Covenant oath; The time change of a day is different. " Only when a gentleman understands these four points can he establish his ambition of taking learning as the foundation. When the three kings offered sacrifices to the hundred rivers, they all offered sacrifices to the rivers first and then to the sea, because rivers are the source of water and the sea is the destination of water. It's called grasping the roots.
Extended data:
1, work appreciation
In the spirit of Confucian rule of virtue, Xue Ji thinks that the function of education is to serve politics, and puts forward the ideas of "building the country and governing the people, teaching first" and "a gentleman must learn if he wants to turn the people into customs".
There are two educational purposes advocated in Xue Ji: one is to cultivate rulers with the ability of "building the country and governing the people"; The second is to "turn the people into customs" and educate the people into "law-abiding" listeners. Xue Ji highly combines education with politics and society, and regards education as an important means of politics. This view is also the basic starting point for feudal scholars to treat education in past dynasties.
"Xue Ji" holds that: time is not unified; time is an artificial concept and a psychological illusion. "Big time" is not the time on the clock, but the internal rhythm of the evolution of things. I never follow the clock in summer and winter, but I'm sure winter is not far from spring.
Four shortcomings in students' study are pointed out, namely, greed, one-sided narrowness, complacency and self-sufficiency, and fear of difficulties. These shortcomings are different for everyone and there are different reasons. Teachers should learn to analyze concretely and master comprehensively. If the teaching method is proper, shortcomings can be turned into advantages.
2. Introduction to the author
Dai Sheng (date of birth and death unknown) was born in Suiyang, Guo Liang (now Minquan County, Shangqiu City, Henan Province), from Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, Henan Province. Officials, scholars and etiquette scholars in the Western Han Dynasty, and pioneers of Confucian classics in the Han Dynasty. Later people called it "Little Dai". ?
Dai Sheng and his uncle Dade and Hou Cang studied Li together, and later people called them "Dadai". ? When Emperor Xuandi was proclaimed in the Han Dynasty, the doctor Dai participated in the discussion of Shiqu Pavilion, and the official was the magistrate of Jiujiang. His works include The Book of Rites (one of the classic works of Confucianism), namely The Book of Rites of Little Dai, which has been handed down from generation to generation as a holy book.
The Book of Rites is an important collection of laws and regulations in ancient China, with 20 volumes and 49 articles? The contents of the book mainly focus on the pre-Qin ritual system, which embodies the pre-Qin Confucian philosophy, education, politics (such as education politics, building a harmonious society, ritual criminal law) and aesthetics (such as the theory of emotion and the theory of harmony between rites and music). It is an important material for studying the pre-Qin society? , is a compilation of Confucianism.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Dai Sheng