According to legend, Yi Di, the minister of Yu Dynasty, began to make wine, and Xia Wang Shaokang invented the method of making wine. In order to meet the needs of agricultural production and explore the laws of agricultural time, the lunar calendar, sometimes called the summer calendar, was invented at that time and is still popular in modern times.
Animal husbandry has developed. There are a large number of slaves engaged in animal husbandry, and some clan tribes specializing in animal husbandry. The breeding of horses has received great attention. In addition, the pottery industry may have become an independent and extremely important industry in the Xia Dynasty. As for bronzes, China has discovered bronze knives of Erlitou culture. If Erlitou culture is regarded as Xia Dynasty culture, then this bronze ware belongs to Xia Dynasty. The bronze wares of Xia Dynasty are very similar in shape to pottery, and the history of casting bronze wares is not long, so they don't have a good specification, so they look a bit like pottery, just like the pottery unearthed in Xia Dynasty, very primitive, without many patterns, small dots and simple lines.
The tools used by Xia people are mainly stone tools. There are cars in the capital of Xia Dynasty, but it is impossible to confirm whether it is a rickshaw or a carriage, because the rut is only 1 meter wide, which is different from the rut of Shang Dynasty, which is 2 meters wide. Shang Dynasty has confirmed the use of carriages.
Xia Dynasty Oracle Bone Inscriptions _ _ _ _ Xia Dynasty Characters Xia Dynasty Science and Culture
1) Erlitou culture
The eggshell high-handle cup of Longshan culture has few and vague records about the social development of Xia Dynasty in ancient literature. The underground archaeological work in Xia Dynasty is still being explored. After years of investigation and excavation, a cultural relic between Longshan culture in Henan and early Shang culture in Erligang, Zhengzhou was found in western Henan and southern Shanxi, which has the typical connotation of Erlitou site in Yanshi, Henan Province and is called "Erlitou culture".
According to the determination, the time of this cultural relic is about 1900 BC, belonging to the Xia Dynasty. At present, although there is not enough direct evidence to prove that it is Xia culture, the rich archaeological materials provided have strongly promoted the work of exploring Xia culture.
2) chronology of cadres and branches
The traditional chronology of branches and branches in China originated very early. At the end of the summer, emperors Kong Jia, Yin Jia, (Jie) and so on all named Tiangan, indicating that Tiangan was more common at that time.
The calendar of Xia Dynasty is the earliest calendar in China. At that time, the month could be determined according to the direction indicated by bucket handle's rotation in the Big Dipper, and the summer calendar started from the so-called "Yin Jian" month in which bucket handle pointed to the northeast. Dai Xia Zheng Xiao is an important existing document. It records the astrology, meteorology, celestial bodies, agriculture and politics of each month in the order of twelve months in the summer calendar. To some extent, it reflects the development level of agricultural production in Xia Dynasty and preserves the oldest and most precious scientific knowledge in China.
3) Original text
From Yangshao culture to Dawenkou culture, it has appeared and is gradually developing. Oracle inscriptions on Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Oracle bones found in Yin Ruins and other places are early and basically mature characters found in China. Yin ruins can be traced back to the early summer, but 1980 was recorded in writing and literature in the Xia Dynasty, which is beyond doubt. Ma Heshan thinks that the characters of Shang Dynasty are mature, and so are the characters of Xia Dynasty, because there have been records of Xia Chuan in history, and [Xia Yushu] and [Wang Yu Monument] are the handed down characters of Xia Dynasty, that is, Xia Chuan.
When it comes to seal script, people naturally think of big seal script and small seal script. The so-called big seal script refers to Zhou seal script. The so-called Xiao Zhuan refers to Qin Zhuan. Seal script is the official script. There is also a saying about Xia Chuan in history. People have always had different views on Xia Zhuan, for example,' Xia Zhuan,
Legends of the Xia Dynasty. It is generally believed that the fifteen pieces of Da Zhuan written by Taishigong Zhou Xuanwang started as Zhuan Zi, and the Zhuan Zi referred to in Xiazhuan is also called Zhuan Zi. Judging from the archaeological objects, no exact and reliable Xia Dynasty characters have been found. If there is, it will be more primitive than Oracle Bone Inscriptions. In ancient times, there were many sayings that the inscriptions on bronze attached to Xia biography, all of which were based on pseudo-theory. Here, it is considered that Xia Zhuan is an accessory, and the pseudo-theory is based on the non-existence of Xia Dynasty characters. So where does Xia Zhuan start?
Does Xia Dynasty script really not exist? Is it true that Xia Chaowen has not been handed down? No, that's because some historians, such as Hu Shi and Gu Jiegang, denied the existence of Xia Dynasty, while Guo Moruo echoed it, causing confusion in academic circles. Xia dynasty script does not exist, how to talk about it? If the skin does not exist, how can the hair be attached? In addition, the backward archaeological work has not unearthed the cultural relics of the Xia Dynasty, nor has it excavated the characters of the Xia Dynasty, so in some people's eyes, the Xia Dynasty and the characters of the Xia Dynasty are just myths and legends.
[Xia Yushu] [Yuwang Monument] is the Xia Dynasty script, Xia Chuan and Xia Dynasty official script. [Xia Zhuan Tie] is a script handed down from ancient times in Xia Dynasty, a typical Xia Zhuan, and an official script of Xia Dynasty, while ivory script is an unearthed script of Xia Dynasty, the ancestor of Xia Zhuan, which deserves its name.