102, Fauci was born in Tarbes in the upper Pyrenees. His father is a civilian official. When he was a child, he often listened to his grandfather's stories about Napoleon. His grandfather was an officer during the Great Revolution and the Empire. From the age of six, he began to read history books about battle stories and showed more and more interest in military issues. After receiving primary and secondary education in several schools, 1869, he was admitted to St. Clemens Jesuit College in the famous Metz area to prepare for applying for technical college. In Metz, he personally experienced and witnessed Bazin's siege and surrender. France's failure in the Franco-Prussian War left an indelible impression on him. He went back to his hometown and signed up for the army, but missed the battle. After the armistice, he returned to St. Clemens. At this time, Metz has become a city in Germany. The grief and shame of defeat made him swear: join the army and recover Alsace and Lorraine!
Two years later, Fu Xu graduated from the technical college and entered the artillery school to become an instructor. In a short time, he became an experienced technical expert and experienced rider, and was quickly absorbed into the Paris Artillery Committee.
1883, Fuxi married Brittany. At that time, most officers of the same generation were keen to participate in the colonial war in order to pursue the promotion of their posts and ranks, while he was immersed in research and thinking. He carefully investigated the lives of great figures in history, sought and defined the responsibilities and elements of being a commander, and cultivated the ability to solve various problems. 1885, transferred to military school, changed from major to associate professor, and soon became a professor. 1908 was promoted to brigadier general, and was appointed as the president of military academy by Prime Minister clemenceau. During his 25 years in college, he has been studying and teaching military theory, which not only trained a whole generation of officers for France, but also formed a complete set of military theory. The core of his theory is attack theory: attack is the highest principle of fighting and the only way to win. Don't give up the attack even if you are on the verge of failure. The key to this principle is "will" and "thought". Regarding will, he once said: "Defeating the enemy's will is the first condition for victory", in short, "victory is will" and "victory is a battle that never gives up". Thinking is to improvise according to the changing situation, rather than making a foolproof operational timetable in advance. Fu Xuchang said: "Rules and regulations are really good in practice, but they are of little use in an emergency ... you must learn to think". For a long time, this military thought has been dominant in French military circles. Most officers of the French General Staff are its followers, and Colonel Langmeisson, the minister of war, is a typical representative. Even Fei Xia, the chief of staff and vice chairman of the Supreme Military Council, is deeply influenced by it. Fei Xia's "17 Plan" adopted by the General Staff 19 13 in May and the "Field Regulations" promulgated by the French government 10/0 are concrete manifestations of this idea.
19 1 1 year, Fu Xu left the military academy and was promoted to a teacher. 19 13 In August, he was appointed as the commander of the 20th Corps, taking charge of Nanxi and guarding the front line of Lorraine.
1965438+In August 2004, World War I broke out. Conform to reality
According to the first order of Fei Xia who carried out the plan 17, the French right-wing first and second army groups attacked Alsace and Lorraine on 14, and Fuxi Corps was the vanguard of the second army group. After attacking Moran, the Germans began to counterattack, and the whole right wing, like the left wing, was defeated by the fierce attack of the Germans. On August 2 1 day, Fuxi returned to Nancy to fight against the plan of the Second Army Commander De Castino to evacuate Nancy, firmly believing that the best defense was counterattack. After this idea was accepted, he seized the opportunity to counterattack the invading German army on August 25th, and recovered the land of three towns and ten miles in one fell swoop, thus stabilizing the position of the French right wing. Fuchu became famous in this battle and became the mainstay of the French army.
After the border battle, the left wing of the French army retreated before the German attack. On August 28th, there was a "gap" in the middle of the retreating French army, and the situation was critical. In order to avoid being outflanked by the Germans, Fu Cha was ordered to come to the left and command a new special force to fill the gap. Soon, this special force became the ninth army of France. At the beginning of September, after continuous retreat, the French army finally began to counterattack in the Marne River area. The German First Army, which fought alone, was attacked by the British and French allied forces. Under very difficult conditions, loyal opposition, the ninth Fuchun Army, came to reinforce the left wing and the second German Army, which ensured the victory of the Battle of the Marne River. After the bankruptcy of the German strategy of quick victory, taking advantage of the unstable position of the allied forces, the German army launched the Battle of ypres in June+10, 5438, in an attempt to occupy the northern coast of France and cut off the connection between the British army and the French army. The allied forces here are thin, and the defense line is in danger of being broken. Fu Xu was once again sent there by Fei Xia as a special emergency person to command the northern French army and coordinate the British, French and Belgian troops there. With his efforts, after more than a month of fierce fighting, the allied defense line was finally consolidated.
For more than two years, the French army was invincible and suffered huge losses. Fei Xia lost his position as commander-in-chief, and Neville, who succeeded him, launched the second Battle of Aina River in May 19 17, in an attempt to complete the battle, which was also a complete failure. 15 In May, Petain succeeded Neville as commander-in-chief and Fuchu became chief of staff. This position also enabled him to serve as an adviser to the Coalition forces. At that time, the western allied forces were in a decentralized command and fragmented situation; They depend on each other and are at odds in the battle. Fuchu pointed out that if this state is not changed, once the Germans storm, each side will worry about its own safety, and the allied defense will collapse in an instant. Therefore, he strongly advocated the establishment of a unified joint command, but was flatly rejected by British Prime Minister Lloyd George and French Prime Minister Kerry Duhamel Du Monceau.
The lack of cooperation severely punished the allied forces. 19171kloc-0/0. In October, under the onslaught of German and Austrian, the Italian Independent Army was defeated in Caporetto and retreated straight to the Talamon River. Britain and France were shocked by this and rushed to send troops to support. Fuxi went to the front to coordinate the action plan of the English mage with the Italians. In order to save the war, the leaders of Britain, France and Italy and the special envoy of the President of the United States held a high-level emergency meeting in Labalo on 10/65438, and set up the Supreme Military Council headed by Fauci to deal with urgent military and political issues, but still did not have the power to command and mobilize the army. Just three months after the Italian front stabilized, the Germans stormed the British army in the Songmu River area. In the face of the crisis, the British army first considered protecting the channel port, while the French army was worried about the safety of the capital Paris. Therefore, although Haig repeatedly urged the French army to support him, Petain still did not send a single soldier. As a result, the British Fifth Army Corps was basically wiped out by the Germans.
Two failures made the allies realize the correctness of Fuxi's proposition. 1965438+On March 26th, 2008, the leaders of Britain and France met in Du Lang and announced that "General Fauci will be responsible for coordinating the actions of the western allied forces". /kloc-in April of 0/4, he was officially appointed as the commander-in-chief of the western allied forces. On May 2, this power was extended to the Italian front. At this point, the allied command was completely unified, which provided favorable conditions for the allied forces to quickly move towards comprehensive victory.
After he took office as the supreme commander of the allied western front, he coordinated the actions of the allied forces well and integrated them. From April 9, he resisted four German attacks, with 800,000 German casualties. about
After that, the Germans ran out of strength and lost their offensive ability. It's Fu Cha's turn to take action.
First of all, Fauci pointed out three prominent areas of German defense: the Marne River, Amiens and Saint-Mir. He believes that if these three nails are pulled out, the German defense will collapse, and the final threat to the Allies will be eliminated, clearing the way for the big counterattack. On July 18, the allied forces with the French army as the main force began to attack the German ring line in the Marne River area. On August 6th, the battle ended successfully, and the Germans retreated across the Vail and Einar rivers, no longer threatening Paris. To this end, Fauci was awarded the title of Marshal by the French government. Two days later, the British army attacked and quickly conquered the Amiens projection. German Chief of Staff ludendorff called this day "the darkest day of the German army". However, the German tragedy is not over. On September 12, it took the US military less than 30 hours to capture the projection of Saint Mir.
At this time, the allies not only had the manpower advantage, but also mastered all the initiative. Without giving the Germans a chance to breathe, the government did not hesitate to launch a huge pincer-like offensive, in order to seize the narrow strip including two important transportation hubs, Honoy and Maiziere, and cut off the German retreat. The Germans built a solid defense system in this important place. Fuxi used 220 divisions (including 60 reserve divisions). His slogan is "Everyone fights". The fighting began on September 26th, and two days later, hindenburg line completely collapsed. The Germans began to retreat from almost all French territory and some Belgian territory, and the fighting turned into a fierce defensive war. By the end of 10, the Germans could not fight any longer. Germany's allies collapsed one after another, the domestic political situation was fierce and turbulent, and the revolution broke out soon. 165438+1On October 7th, German representatives sent for a truce, and arrived at Tong Lei station in Compiè ne forest the next day.
When the war ended, the Allies won, and Fuxi became the hero of the war. Both England and Poland awarded him the title of Marshal, and he was elected to the French Academy of Sciences.
After the war, Fauci played an important role in French foreign policy. He belongs to the hardliners represented by Clemenceau and Poincare.
France's demands on Germany, the defeated country, are of a strong nature of plunder and revenge. When Fu Cha presided over the negotiations between the Allies and Germany to extend the armistice agreement, he demanded that Germany hand over 50% of the machines, most of Poznan, central Silesia and all of Upper Silesia. At the Paris Peace Conference, Fauci was one of the main members of the French delegation led by Clemenceau. He supported the harsh conditions put forward by Kerry Duhamel Du Monceau. This harsh condition not only caused resistance from Germany, but also caused dissatisfaction from Britain and the United States. They don't want Germany to weaken France's dominance of the European continent.
The Soviet-Russian regime born in World War I was hated by all imperialists. Fauci is one of the advocates of anti-Soviet armed intervention. 19 17 February, Britain and France held a secret meeting to interfere in the partition of Soviet Russia and reached an agreement. Fauci is a French negotiator. On the eve of the Paris Peace Conference, he suggested organizing an anti-Soviet expedition. At the Paris Peace Conference, he shouted "Red Danger" to threaten Poland. Although he hated Germany, he preferred to use German power when he intervened in the Soviet Union. Fuxi played a very important role in the process of armed intervention in the Soviet Union.
10, the poincare government brazenly invaded and occupied Ruhr-gebiet, Germany, on the pretext that Germany failed to pay reparations on time. Fu Xu is one of the active supporters and planners of this operation. During 1928, the relationship between Britain and the Soviet Union was tense, and Fu Xu participated in noisy anti-Soviet propaganda.
1929 On March 20th, Fu Cha died in Paris and was buried next to the tomb of Napoleon I in St. Louis Church. [3]
Personal work
Ferdinand Foch's major works include Principles of War and Guidance of War. [3]
Personality assessment
Fu Cha has extraordinary military cooperation and organizational capabilities. He successfully commanded Britain, France, the United States and other allied forces to win the final decisive battle against Germany, and also provided important experience for the command, organization and operation of multinational joint forces in future wars. Fauci is also a super military prophet. After carefully reading the Treaty of Versailles signed by the victorious countries and Germany after the war 19 19, he uttered an extremely classic "famous saying"-"This is not peace, but a truce for twenty years."
On the other hand, Fuxi was condemned by history for stubbornly sticking to the anti-Soviet policy and revanchism. [3][4]
Chronology of major events
188 1 year was promoted to major and served in the Third Bureau of the General Staff Department.
From 65438 to 0887, Fauci graduated from the French Higher Military Academy.
1895, he is a graduate student of the Higher Military Academy.
1896- 1900, professor of higher military academy.
1900 was promoted to lieutenant colonel.
From 1908 to 19 1 1 year, he served as the president of the Higher Academy of Military Sciences.
19 1 1 year was promoted to lieutenant general and transferred to 13 division commander. The following year, he was promoted to commander.
In the First World War, he successively served as commander of the ninth army of the French army, commander of the "Northern" army group, chief of the general staff of the French army and commander-in-chief of the allied forces in the late war, which played an important role in the final victory of the allied forces led by Germany.
In August, 19 18 was awarded the rank of marshal of France.
19 19, chairman of the supreme military commission of the allied countries. [ 1]