Located in the northwest suburb of Beijing, Yuanmingyuan is a world-famous royal garden. It consists of Yuanmingyuan Garden, Wanchun Garden and Changchun Garden, so it is also called Yuanming Three Gardens. In addition, there are many small gardens, distributed in the east, west and south of Yuanmingyuan, surrounded by stars and arches.
There are magnificent halls and exquisite pavilions in Yuanmingyuan. There are "buying and selling streets" symbolizing lively markets, as well as mountains and rivers and countryside symbolizing rural scenery. Many scenery in the garden is modeled after scenic spots all over the country. Such as the autumn moon in Pinghu, the sunset glow of Lei Feng in Hangzhou West Lake, An Lan Garden in Haining and Lion Forest in Suzhou. There are also many landscapes built according to the poetry of ancient poets, such as Penglai Yaotai and Wuling Chunjing ... There are not only ethnic buildings but also western landscapes in the park. Strolling in the garden is like roaming the distant south and enjoying the beautiful scenery at home and abroad; Wandering around, as if in a fantasy realm.
Yuanmingyuan is not only magnificent in architecture, but also contains the most precious historical relics. From the bronze ritual vessels in the pre-Qin period to the famous painters and calligraphers in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, there are all kinds of rare treasures. Therefore, it was the largest museum and art gallery in the world at that time.
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The destruction of Yuanmingyuan (data)—
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10 5, British and French troops arrived at the gates of Beijing. According to the information provided by Russian diplomat ignatieff, the defenders of the Qing Dynasty were concentrated on the east side, and the north side was the weakest place, which should be captured first; I also heard that the Qing emperor of China was in Yuanmingyuan in the northwest suburb. As a result, the British and French allied forces bypassed Andingmen and Deshengmen, invaded Yuanmingyuan and looted Yuanmingyuan, creating a "burning Yuanmingyuan" incident that shocked China and foreign countries.
Located in the northwest suburb of Beijing, Yuanmingyuan was built in the Ming Dynasty. 1709, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty gave this garden to his fourth son, Yin Zhen (later Yong Zhengdi), and named it Yuanmingyuan. After more than 50 years of operation by the five emperors Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Xianfeng/KLOC-0, we have concentrated a lot of material resources, entertained countless skilled craftsmen, and poured the blood and sweat of millions of working people into building a large-scale and beautiful detached palace.
Every summer, the emperors of the Qing Dynasty came here to spend the summer, listen to politics and deal with military and political affairs, so it is also called the Summer Palace. Yuanmingyuan Fiona Fang10km is composed of Yuanmingyuan, Wanchun Garden and Changchun Garden. Yuanmingyuan is the largest, so it is called Yuanmingyuan (also known as Yuanming Three Gardens). In addition, there are many affiliated gardens located in the east, west and south of Yuanmingyuan, including Jingyi Garden in Xiangshan, Jingming Garden in Yuquan Mountain and Qingyi Garden (the later Summer Palace was built on this basis). , with a total area of more than 5000 mu.
Yuanmingyuan not only brought together several famous scenic spots in the south of the Yangtze River, but also creatively transplanted western garden buildings, which was a masterpiece of gardening art at that time. There are magnificent palaces, light and exquisite pavilions in the garden; There are "buying and selling streets" symbolizing lively markets and "mountain villas" symbolizing rural scenery; Some are modeled after the autumn moon in Pinghu, the sunset photos of Leifeng in Hangzhou West Lake, and some are modeled after the lion forest scenic spots in Suzhou. There are also poems and paintings modeled after ancient poets and painters, such as Penglai Yaotai and Wuling Chunjing. It can be said that Yuanmingyuan is the crystallization of the wisdom and sweat of the working people in China, and it was also built by the people of China.
Build a model of art and culture. Not only that, Yuanmingyuan also contains countless priceless treasures with different styles, extremely precious historical classics and rich and precious historical relics, such as paintings, gold and silver jewelry, Song and Yuan porcelain and so on. It can be called one of the treasures of human culture and the largest museum in the world. 10 year10.6, the British and French allied forces invaded Yuanmingyuan, and then carried out robbery crazily.
The first to break into Yuanmingyuan was the French invaders, who took everything they saw. The treasure in each French soldier's pocket is worth 30 thousand to 40 thousand francs. They came empty-handed and returned loaded. In the French military camp, there are valuable clocks and watches, colorful silks and satins and precious works of art worth 30 million francs. Although the British invaders came a little late, their pockets were full of gold and silver. To make matters worse, they smashed those big porcelain and enamel bottles that could not be moved.
After the British and French invaders looted the Yuanmingyuan, in order to eliminate the spoils and cover up the crime, the British plenipotentiary Erkin, with the support of British Prime Minister Pa Max Don, ordered the Yuanmingyuan to be burned. Large-scale burning * * * twice, the first time was 10/kloc-0, and it mainly burned Yuanmingyuan from October 7 to 9. The fire burned for three days and nights, making this world-famous garden a scorched earth. This catastrophe, as described and criticized by Hugo, a famous French writer, was that one day, two robbers broke into the Summer Palace, one robbed and the other set fire to it. Victory can be a robber.