Advocacy: an academic school that takes the six arts as the law, advocates "rites and music", "benevolence and righteousness", advocates "loyalty and forgiveness" and "the golden mean", advocates "rule by virtue" and "benevolent government", and attaches importance to moral and ethical education and human cultivation.

Confucianism emphasizes the role of education, and thinks that attaching importance to education and neglecting punishment is the only way for the country to be stable and the people to be rich and happy. Advocate "education without class", both the ruler and the ruled should be educated, so that the whole country can become a virtuous person.

Politically, he also advocated ruling the country by courtesy and convincing people by virtue, and called for the restoration of the "Zhou Li", which he thought was the ideal way to realize ideal politics. By the Warring States period, there were eight schools of Confucianism, among which Mencius and Xunzi were the most important.

Mencius' thought is that "the people are more important than the monarch" and advocates that the rulers practice "benevolent government". On the discussion of human nature, he thinks that human nature is good and puts forward "the theory of good nature?" It is completely different from Xunzi's "theory of evil nature". The reason why Xunzi put forward that human nature is evil is also a more acute manifestation of social contradictions during the Warring States period.

Extended data:

Four stages of the development of Confucianism:

First, the birth of Confucianism is based on benevolence.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, Kong Qiu, a great saint, showed sympathy for others. He traveled in dozens of countries all his life, trying to persuade the monarch to implement benevolent policies, but his spiritual wealth and Confucianism changed the thinking of China people.

After the birth of Confucianism, it has been enriched and developed by Mencius and Xunzi, and its core is benevolence and forgiveness. Benevolence is love. Simply put, what to do is that people help each other and the society will be orderly and harmonious.

Forgiveness is talking about what not to do. Simply put, don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you. This is the ideal society described and pursued by Confucianism, and it also formed the spiritual core of China people. We will sincerely respect those who do these two things.

Second, at the beginning of Confucianism, hundreds of schools were ousted and Confucianism was the only one.

After the brief rise and fall of the Qin dynasty, the subsequent Han dynasty never dared to make the legalist thought public. However, after several generations of recuperation, the ambitious Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also needed an ideological weapon to solve new social contradictions.

If it is to appease the people, there is no better idea than Confucianism, which is the core of its absolute humanization. However, for emperors, they only need it to appease the people; For its bureaucrats, they still need to be bound by legalism; For natural disasters, wars and other special circumstances, they still need Taoist thought to guide the people and warn them to follow their destiny and govern by doing nothing.

The so-called "ousting a hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" is just a slogan, while Confucianism is respecting Confucianism alone, which has become the beginning of China's rule of virtue for two thousand years.

Third, the development of Confucianism, Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism

After many dynasties, from Tang Chao to Cao Ye, Confucianism has been firmly rooted in everyone's heart. There is no need to be bound by other ideas. However, Confucianism developed a little too much in this era of Song Dynasty, systematizing, standardizing and institutionalizing all secondary thoughts. This is Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism.

Fourth, Confucian introspection, Wang Yangming's mind.

In the evaluation of the dynasties with the most perfect system in history, the Ming Dynasty will be publicly recommended. However, in such a dynasty, stereotyped writing prevailed, and those in power knew nothing about current affairs, so it was difficult to have an official career.

In such an era, Wang Yangming made many normative reflections on Confucianism and put forward the theory of mind and nature. It is believed that when Confucianism was founded, people were kind, and everything started from the heart. Everyone thought that what was right was done, and knowledge and action were integrated. With book knowledge, people should also have practical experience. The theory of mind and nature can be said to be a rectification movement in the history of Confucianism, and it is also the inheritance and development of Confucius' thought after his founding.

Baidu encyclopedia-a hundred schools of thought contend