Social Security of Farmers and Rural Elderly in China
First, at this stage, the state's policy towards farmers and rural elderly:
Article 45 of the Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulates: "The people and citizens of China have the right to get material help from the state and society in case of old age, illness or incapacity to work. The state develops social insurance, social relief and medical and health undertakings that citizens need to enjoy these rights. "
Article 3 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly: "The state and society take measures to improve the social security system for the elderly, and gradually improve the conditions for ensuring their life, health and participation in social development, so as to achieve a sense of security, medical care, security and happiness for the elderly. Article 20 The state establishes an old-age insurance system to ensure the basic livelihood of the elderly ".
The Social Security Law (Draft) has only one sentence: "Full coverage". Nothing can be seen, and there is no mention of the protection of farmers and rural elderly. This is a retrogression. The promulgation of this draft is not only unconstitutional, but also violates national and international laws and regulations. For example, 1933, the international labor organization has included rural social endowment insurance, disability insurance and will insurance in the scope of the treaty. This also shows that those departments that shout for integration with the international community are silent on these issues.
It turns out that our country has social security policies, but those policies have nothing to do with farmers and rural elderly. The original social security policy only protects the rich and vested interests, and has nothing to do with the disadvantaged groups, farmers and rural elderly. It is also against the Constitution and laws.
Recently, some urban and rural social insurance regulations have been issued, which exclude farmers and rural elderly, especially the social security for the elderly. The strangest thing is the recently promulgated regulations for rural combatants to participate in social security. It is also expressly stipulated that veterans over the age of 60 cannot participate in social security, and it is also stipulated that workers and industrial and commercial households must participate, which has caused some people to apply for business licenses at high prices (of course, to cope). Few people can participate, and we can't help wondering why such a policy has been introduced. When formulating such a policy, we know that most of these combatants are now over 60 years old, and decision makers still want to introduce such a nominal policy. For example, Liao, He Zongyou, Liu Yuancheng and Xiong, veterans of the Vietnam War in our town, cannot participate in social insurance because they are over 60 years old. These policies are manifestations of discrimination against farmers and rural elderly.
In the social security of our county in 2000, there were elderly retirees from shipping enterprises who applied for social security. As long as each of them pays 8,500 yuan to the Social Security Bureau, they can receive 320 yuan every month. According to this method, it only took more than two years to collect my own money. This year, according to our policy of emigrating to Jiaba reservoir area, the rural elderly who lost their land paid 30,000 yuan to the Social Insurance Bureau, and only got 190 yuan every month. The calculated data will take 13 years and 2 months to get the money they paid. It takes more than two years for enterprise workers to collect money by themselves, and thirteen years and two months for farmers to collect money by themselves. Enterprise workers only pay 8500 yuan, and farmers pay 30000 yuan. This is the difference between the city and the countryside. This is the difference between workers and farmers, and this is the policy formulated by the Social Security Bureau that violates the Constitution and laws. This is also a copy of the same life at different prices. It's a big joke that the proportion of payment and collection of landless peasants and enterprise employees is four times that of enterprise employees and farmers.
Fortunately, Gongxian County, Sichuan Province is implementing a new social security system for the elderly in rural areas. Old people over 65 can receive 100 yuan every month as long as they pay 4800 yuan in one lump sum until their death. This collection ratio is higher than that of the old landless peasants in our county 13 years. However, a one-size-fits-all approach needs to be studied. "Pay more, get more" is more realistic. According to the soaring prices, 100 yuan per month is very insufficient. In violation of the provisions of the Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly, the elderly should be raised from 60 to 65. This is also in conflict with the law.
There is also a social security policy that individual industrial and commercial households can participate in social insurance, but farmers can't. This is obviously only to take care of the rich, and it is also against the Constitution and laws to put farmers who have no money or power back in the human relations area. This obviously requires farmers to buy a business license at a high price in the industrial and commercial bureau (which was false from the beginning) and pay social insurance in the social insurance bureau (with factual basis).
Laid-off workers of collective workers have purchased social insurance in our district. Those under the age of 60 pay a late payment fee of 40,000 to 50,000 yuan, which is more than one month 1 100 from the age of 60, as long as they get the money paid in more than three years.
In some places, elderly farmers who participate in social security pay in one lump sum, but they can only get 100 yuan per month. This one hundred yuan was bought with money. /kloc-what can I do with 0/00 yuan? Rural minimum living allowance per person 150 yuan, still free of charge.
On June 25th, 2009, the State Council notified that "the new rural endowment insurance was piloted in China 10%". Fortunately, the pilot has been taking off. There is no harm in everything, but the sooner the better.
Fortunately, some people have been calling for farmers and rural elderly for a long time:
On 200817 October, Premier Zhang Dejiang of the State Council said: "Governments at all levels should play a leading role in improving the social security system, further play the role of social security in the distribution and protection of basic life, expand consumer demand and promote economic development."
On June 7th, 2008, Wang Jinxiang, director of the National Development and Reform Commission, said, "Develop social security, stimulate consumption and expand domestic demand".
2008127 October 10 Economist Li Yining said: "The minimum living guarantee will help to expand domestic demand".
On May 2 1 2009, Wu Guobin, Master of Laws, said: "Rural social security is the cornerstone to resist the financial tsunami".
2009-06-1917:14 Zhang Weiqing, member of the Standing Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, reported that "to achieve low-standard full coverage of social insurance, at present, funds are not the first priority, and the key is whether we are determined to achieve this goal."
The plight of farmers and rural elderly without social security
According to national statistics, the number of rural elderly people over 60 in China exceeds 1 100 million, accounting for more than one tenth of the national population, and it is still increasing. Sun, a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, said that by the middle of this century, there will be 400 million elderly people in rural areas of China, accounting for one third of the population of China and one quarter of the world population.
Because the rural elderly have no social security, some people dare not spend their savings. My husband and wife are both over 65 years old and have four children outside. More than 20 acres of contracted land should be planted at home, and pigs, chickens and so on should be fed. Some money is reserved for people who have no labor. Because there is no security, they have to work to death.
Peng Huashan of Xinchun Village in my town is 93 years old. He still has to work in the fields and carry manure up the mountain to grow grain.
Yang Deyun and his wife in Tiangong Village, Xincheng, our county are both in their seventies. Their daughter-in-law works outside the home, the contracted land at home has to be planted, the grandson has to take care of it, and the 98-year-old father has to support it.
Zhao Chengshou and his wife are both over 80 years old, and both have children who go out to work. The old couple have four grandchildren at home, and they have to work and produce at home. That is to raise children and grandchildren.
Wang Defu, an old couple from Xinjiang Village, my town, is at home, planting land and vegetables, picking vegetables and selling them in the street. I have to take care of my two grandchildren at home. I want to raise an 80-year-old mother in the world. I have my own savings, so it is hopeless to pay social security.
The above problems of rural elderly are too numerous to mention.
Compared with some elderly people, who have social security and pension, it is still shameful to go fishing and play mahjong after dinner. Great difference!
There are several ways to provide for the elderly in rural areas, which only account for a few of the elderly in rural areas: one spouse provides for the elderly, that is, one spouse has retirement or pension, and both parties use one's money to provide for the elderly; Social pension, nursing home and subsistence allowance are a minority, accounting for only1.2% of the rural elderly; Children's pension is unstable. Give more to children if they have money, and give less if they have no money. They must subsidize their own labor and production. Some children go to the city with their parents, and those who have stable jobs should stay longer, otherwise they will go home at any time for various reasons. These old people who go to town with their parents don't fit in with the old people who have income in the city. Old people in the city are talking about their wages, while old people in the countryside will only complain about their poor lives. Some migrant children take their parents to the city to look after their children and do housework. No contact with society, just moving at any time with the needs of work. Due to the restriction of registered permanent residence, I will go home when the children build the city.
There are many children, and in filial piety, the elderly are regarded as "turning around the cow", which is quite common in rural areas. There are many things that are old-hating, old-hating, old-abandoning and old-abusing, which can be seen in many cases and have a certain relationship with the problem of the elderly in rural areas.
We often boast that our country has achieved the economic and construction speed of foreign countries for decades in a short time, but we never compare the social security of farmers and rural elderly with that of foreigners.
The contribution of farmers and rural elderly to the country
In the revolutionary war, the peasants fought the revolution. There were more than 300 Wan Chuan soldiers in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and Sichuan, all of whom were peasants. In the war of liberation, countless farmers fought bloody battles; In the war against India and Vietnam, no peasants' sons participated in the war: so far, there are no peasants' soldiers in national defense construction. However, the policy makers of social security have completely forgotten it.
In national construction, repairing roads, railways, bridges, factories, cities and water conservancy has left the peasants and is not the main force. Farmers not only have to contribute, but also many of them are free. Can't any farmers do these projects? Our happiness today is not the labor and contribution of farmers. Can it be realized? We built roads, schools, government agencies, power stations, supply and marketing cooperatives, hospitals and so on for free. Is the farmer's sweat in vain? Is the farmer's money wasted like this? You know, in the face of disasters, farmers tightened their belts and engaged in agriculture and industry at the expense of their lives. At that time, it was farmers who starved to death, not urban people who are now guaranteed.
For a long time, farmers have paid agricultural taxes to the state free of charge, which is also rare in the world; Forcing farmers to pay for grain, pork, cotton, sugar, oil, tea, etc. In cities with low prices, do farmers contribute less?
The first few years after the reform and opening up were not bad. After farmers solved the problem of food and clothing, arbitrary charges prevailed in rural areas. Some departments collect fees in rural areas, while others build cities. For example, if there were no arbitrary charges and fines for farmers in the office buildings of industry and commerce, land, family planning and power supply departments, would there be today's high-rise buildings?
Farmers and rural elderly should make contributions to the country and society as long as they have a breath. For example, in May this year, 6 groups of Xinchun Village in our town raised funds to build roads, and even the elderly in their 80 s had to pay a share. Everyone paid 1250, and a family of eight raised more than 10 thousand. You know, building roads is not only beneficial to farmers themselves, but also allows them to sell more domestic products such as cars and motorcycles when they go to the countryside. There are also 7 groups in Xinchun Village, and each person has to raise more than RMB 1.600. The state's direct subsidies to grain farmers cannot cover these fund-raising funds. There are three groups of Zhou Jia in Jinya Village of our town. The couple are nearly seventy years old and have to support their 95-year-old mother. The 95-year-old mother still has to contribute to the collective and the country. There is a rural road investment this year, and each person has to pay more than 300 yuan.
According to Xinhua News Agency. Com reported on June 65438+February 3, 2006 that "the national agricultural tax will reduce the burden on farmers 120 billion yuan every year", which also proves that farmers will contribute 120 billion yuan to the country every year. Is this number still short?
Du Ying of the Rural Economic Department of the Development and Reform Commission said: According to some scholars' statistics, during the 25 years from 78 to 2003, low prices took away 2 trillion yuan from farmers.
September 2006 16 Professor Qiao Xinsheng wrote: Over the past 79 years, the state and cities have accumulated 9 trillion yuan of assets from rural collective land transfer.
The above two sets of data have not yet counted the arbitrary charges and fines imposed by the departments in rural areas, and have not yet counted the data of migrant workers selling their labor at low wages in cities. This is of course a big astronomical figure. Industry feeds back agriculture, and it is the slogan of government officials to urge more and take less. For years, this was just talk.
Is there no way to solve the problems of farmers' social security and rural elderly social security?
When it comes to farmers' social security and rural elderly social security, all government departments say that they have no money to do it, and they are all shaking their heads, like splashing waves. What is the truth?
1. The social security of the rural elderly is paid in one lump sum, and it will take several years to get the money. In other words, in previous years, the state paid premiums to the insured by stages, and in previous years, the state would not invest. Insured persons continue to invest to maintain the operation of social security institutions. It will take several years for the state to invest. The difficulty lies behind. Later, because of the continuous improvement of the national economy, there was no problem of funds.
2. Graded payment, with the implementation of "more pay for more work" and "less pay for less work"; Older people pay less because these people receive less time; Young people pay more because they need longer time to collect. Make a reasonable way to take care of the situation of most people. According to the principle of voluntariness, it will be handled by stages and batches. At their own expense, state subsidies. For example, more than two-tenths of the elderly in China 1 100 million can pay, and each person pays 30,000, which is 60 million. In the past few years, the state will not subsidize it, because it will take several years for everyone to pay. People have been paying. People are constantly being taken out. Like a bus, the trunk is always full. Social security agencies can also use premiums to invest surplus. Plus, after a few years, the national economy is improving. The problem of funds is even less serious.
3. Reducing public funds for eating and drinking, bus consumption, and public funds for traveling, these three phenomena are the cancer that the broad masses abhor, the public hazard, and the fundamental solution that the government says. It's getting more and more rampant now. According to the news of Xinhuanet on May 23, 2008,199, the financial expenditure of going abroad at public expense was 300 billion yuan; in 2004, the bus consumption was 408.5 billion yuan, and the public funds were 200 billion yuan. Every year, the three public expenditures are one trillion yuan. As long as this part is compressed a little, the social security for farmers and rural elderly will be enough.
4. Reduce some unnecessary performance projects and image projects. Taxpayers' money is used by government officials to make their own appearance, performance and image. For the sake of their official positions and interests, they do not hesitate to work hard on their political achievements and image. I don't want to spend money on the livelihood projects of farmers and rural elderly. Don't want to contribute, such as the corruption case of the White House government office building in Fuyang, Anhui. For example, Suijiang County, Yunnan Province, is a poverty-stricken county, Xiangjiaba reservoir area, and the construction stop area. But the construction of the government compound has never stopped. The county government compound was built after receiving the notice to stop construction. The strangest thing is that in July this year, it is said that an immigration conference will be held in Suijiang, attended by people from the Yunnan provincial government. For the sake of image and political achievements, from May to June, a venue was illegally built in front of the newly-built government compound, costing more than two million yuan. You know, the social security for farmers and rural elderly in Suijiang County has not been done yet. People's livelihood projects do not engage in useless things enjoyed by officials who have been flooded by reservoirs in just a few years. The money wasted by these departments and officials can be used for social security. Therefore, the article in the National Business Daily on September 15, 2005 said: "The political achievement project is becoming a privileged economy, with a capital loss of more than 400 billion." According to the article of Guiyang, Xinhuanet on September 25th, according to the official statistics of the Ministry of Construction, about one fifth of urban construction has "image project". These five points show that the government values its own image, but doesn't care about people's livelihood projects, which shows that our government only looks at itself and rarely sees the vast rural areas and farmers, let alone the social security problems of farmers and rural elderly.
5. Reducing financial expenditure is a bottomless pit. Feng, a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, said on March 12, 2007: "China's per capita administrative expenditure has increased 23 times in 20 years." How much has our social security increased? On February 17, 2007, Finance Minister Jin Renqing said, "The last thing I want to pay is the fastest-growing administrative expenses". This shows that the excessive growth of administrative expenses is incompatible with the growth of social security expenses.
6. Reducing the excessive wages and bonuses of state-owned enterprises can also solve the social security problems of farmers and rural elderly. For example, Ma Mingzhe, the leader of Ping An Insurance, has a salary of 66 million yuan, and thousands of state-owned enterprise executives have also reduced some of them, so the farmer's affairs will be easy. I'm afraid there are more high salaries in Ma Mingzhe that nobody cares about. Because they take taxpayers' money, taxpayers have no right to participate in management. Participate in the formulation of policies. Therefore, the people can only watch them run out of oil and there is nothing they can do.
7. Check the vaults of some departments. Many departments use taxpayers' money for off-balance-sheet expenditures, which is also an amazing figure. As long as it is carefully investigated, it is not difficult to solve the social security problems of farmers and rural elderly.
8. Strengthen anti-corruption. According to well-known statistics in previous years, the fleeing corrupt officials took away $50 billion from our country. This money can be used for rural problems. This shows that there are major problems in our system. Seeing corrupt officials greedy for money and engaging in peasant affairs, they always say that they have no money. Even Vice President the Supreme People's Court has more than 400 million questions, which is a big joke. After strengthening anti-corruption, taxpayers' money will be spent on people's livelihood projects and there will be less corruption.
9. China has purchased 800 billion dollars of high-risk US Treasury bonds. We will buy 50 billion dollars in Europe, and a little less will be enough for the social security of farmers and rural elderly in our country. Or you can do your own housework first, and do a good job of farmers and rural elderly. If we have money, it's not too late to invest abroad.
10. When designing the proportion of payment and collection of social security funds for the aged, we must not violate the Constitution and treat farmers as citizens without discrimination. We can't do both urban and rural methods, artificially widening the gap between urban and rural areas. If, as I mentioned earlier, the social security of landless peasants on our land is more than four times different from the payment and collection ratio of cities,
In a word, as long as we really think about farmers, things will be easy, otherwise, it will be difficult.
1 1. When it comes to social security for farmers and the elderly in rural areas, there are always people who say "there is no money to do it", "this is a systematic project, so we should take it slowly", "we should demonstrate it in many ways and try it out" and so on. However, just as the government departments improve the enjoyment of buses, a few people increase the consumption of buses from ordinary cars to BMW. As long as the government departments treat their wages as if they were raising their own wages, and as long as the government departments treat their wages as if they were raising their own subsidies, it is not difficult to deal with the social security problems of farmers and rural elderly.
1 1. According to the latest disclosure of China Banking Regulatory Commission, in 2006, 2007 and 2008, the annual salary of 122 executives of state-owned commercial banks was more than100000 yuan to more than 47.7 million yuan. Nine banks 15 executives who enjoy super annual salary of more than 40 million yuan respectively. These nine banks are Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, Shenzhen Development Bank, Shanghai Bank, Guangfa Bank, Industrial Bank, Xijiang Bank, Guangdong Bank, China Everbright Bank and Ping An Bank. These executives are paid less, the countryside is doing well, and the economy is developed, so their wages will naturally increase.
12, to adjust, taxation is a way to balance and reduce differences. It is also a good idea to levy some taxes in advance, such as the property tax that has been mentioned on the agenda. Levying property tax can completely solve the social security problem. Recently, the state has raised tobacco tax and alcohol consumption tax, which can also be solved.
13. recently, the state stipulated that the social security department should increase its holdings of state-owned shares by one tenth, which is also a lot of money. These sources are used for the social security of farmers and rural elderly, and there is no problem at all.
14. Strengthen anti-corruption and reduce corruption. Don't let corrupt elements embezzle our limited funds and spend them on people's livelihood projects and social security for farmers and rural elderly. Statistics show that in China, nearly 20,000 corrupt officials fled with 800 billion yuan. 800 billion people fled alone, how many didn't? Aren't these resources to solve the social security fund? Why do you shout anti-corruption every day, and corruption is increasing? Isn't this worthy of our reflection? According to another report, after the fall of Shenzhen Mayor Xu Zongheng, more than 100 corrupt officials fled, and the funds alone swept away more than 654.38+000 billion yuan. Why not prevent this? As long as the anti-corruption efforts are strong, these fleeing funds can be used for people's livelihood projects and social security for farmers and rural elderly.
Is it beneficial to do a good job in social security for farmers and rural elderly?
1, which is conducive to social harmony and stability. With social security, the elderly and children have no worries and work better. For the country, it embodies the superiority of the * * * production party and socialism and is supported by the people. Get international support and reduce the accusations and difficulties of some countries on human rights in China. This is a good way to kill two birds with one stone.
2. It is conducive to expanding domestic demand and increasing consumption. Many officials do not understand this truth. They always think that our country is a victim. Rural elderly people pay social security funds in one lump sum. For example, there are 1 100 million rural elderly people, 20% of whom pay, 30,000 yuan for each person to have sex, and 20 million people pay 600 billion yuan at a time. Take it in stages. Social institutions, like buses, are always full. Social security institutions can also use social security funds for investment income. How difficult is it?
Because the elderly have no sense of security, they can only save money and dare not spend it. This is an accepted fact. As long as you use your savings to buy social insurance, the source of your monthly pension will be guaranteed. The less you save, the more you spend. Savings and pensions are also their own money, which ensures the consumption of the elderly. This is not to expand domestic demand. What is this? Moreover, the current deposit interest rate is low, and depositors are not cost-effective. Why not use it in such a thing that is good for the country and the elderly?
3. It is beneficial to family and family. With social security for the elderly, children are much more filial, which is of great benefit to changing the parent-child relationship.
4, is conducive to family planning, China people for thousands of years the tradition of raising children to prevent old age, is the result of no social security, as long as the implementation of the social old-age security system, farmers will have no worries, what super-life, son preference phenomenon will be greatly improved.
5. Conducive to the circulation of rural land. The current situation is that the rural elderly stick to the contracted land at home and their children work outside, and both sides are not at ease. It is not good for the elderly at home to contract, because they are old and weak, and they dare not subcontract because their lives are not guaranteed. The land is not fertile, and the old people are unable to farm. As long as there is security, land circulation will be much easier.
6. Gradually narrow the gap between urban and rural areas. According to the Blue Book of China City published by China Academy of Social Sciences on June 15, 2009, "By the end of 2008, China's urban population reached 607 million, and the urbanization rate reached 45.7%. The income gap between urban and rural areas in China is about 4-6 times, while the national urban-rural income ratio was 3.3 1 last year and only 2.79 in 2000. It is an indisputable fact that the income gap between urban and rural areas has continued to expand in recent years. " China is proud of eliminating the differences between urban and rural areas. Why should the gap between urban and rural areas widen? This should be a problem that government departments should start to solve. Among them, it is a good thing to do a good job in social security for farmers and rural areas. 2009-06-25 Cai Jiming, a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, said that a report by an authoritative department in China showed that 0.4% of people have 70% wealth, and the concentration of wealth is higher than that in the United States. According to a report, 2,932 of the richest people with assets exceeding 6,543.8 billion yuan are children of Gao Qian. They account for 9 1% of1100 million families, and their assets exceed 2,045 billion yuan. Please don't forget that there are still farmers and rural elderly who have no social security.