I want to give some examples, some from information and some from life.
I. Ten Achievements of Reform and Opening-up:
(1) Establish a perfect material production system.
After 30 years of reform and opening up, China has ensured peace and stability, established a complete material production system, and made remarkable achievements in economic construction. China has changed from a primary industrial economy to a high-level industrial economy, and the output of many industrial products, including steel and household appliances, ranks first in the world. At the same time, China's economic scale and economic aggregate are also expanding.
(2) the international status has been continuously improved.
In the past 30 years since China's reform and opening up, China's international status has been continuously improved. The rapid economic growth makes China's position in the world economy rise continuously.
(3) Fully integrate into the world economic system.
Marked by China's entry into WTO, China's economy has completed the process of marketization and internationalization, and merged into the world economic system and the tide of economic globalization.
(4) Overall social and economic progress.
(5) Economic growth is more stable.
China's reform and opening up has released enormous productive forces, and China's economic growth has always been higher than that of the world, thanks to the government's leadership, strong investment and growing industrial economy.
(6) The level of economic development has been continuously improved.
With the deepening of China's reform and opening up, the level of economic development has been greatly improved. 1978, China's per capita GDP was 38 1 yuan, which was about 149 dollars according to the exchange rate of 1980 dollars to 1.53 yuan RMB. In 2007, China's per capita GDP rose to $2,640, an increase of 17 times compared with that before the reform and opening up.
(7) People's living standards have improved significantly.
(8) Great progress has been made in education development.
Educational development is an important indicator to measure a country's development level and development potential. In the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China's education development has made great progress. 1978, the number of college graduates in China was only165,000, accounting for 0.0 17 1% of the total population of 962.59 million at that time. In 2006, the number of college graduates in China reached 3.775 million, accounting for 0.287 1% of China's total population14480, which increased by 16.7 times in 30 years.
(9) People's life expectancy has increased significantly.
Life expectancy is a comprehensive index to measure a country's social and economic development. The improvement of life expectancy not only means the improvement of economic development level, but also means the improvement of social security ability. According to the census data of China, the average life expectancy in China in 1982 was 67.77 years, and in 2000, the average life expectancy in China rose to 7 1.40 years, an increase of 3.63 years.
(10) People's lives are more colorful.
The material life and cultural life of the people of China have entered an era of synchronization with the world.
China has made great achievements in the past 30 years of reform and opening up. The basic experience is that China has followed the "four-color theorem" of economic growth. The development history of China and the world fully proves that the "four-color theorem" of economic growth-peace and stability, open structure, human capital and structural growth are the necessary and sufficient conditions for economic growth, and also the basic experience of China's reform and opening up. Follow the "four-color theorem", the economy will develop and the society will progress.
Second, from the perspective of money, this can best reflect people's livelihood.
Thirty years ago, rice noodles, cloth and firewood were nothing. What about now? Count a few dollars, dozens of dollars. The rise in prices actually reflects the progress of our lives.
Thirty years ago, everyone lived in adobe bungalows and burned wood and coal. Now, everyone is a gas stove and an electric stove.
However, it is amazing that medical expenses have increased by nearly 80 times! I won't say much about the price increase. Because, the income of adults has also changed a lot: in the past month, dozens of yuan can support a dozen people in the whole family. What about now? It has risen to several hundred yuan or even several thousand yuan, and wages have risen ten to dozens of times.
Second, people's ideas are changing.
In the past, adults didn't pay attention to the importance of learning and thought that learning was the same as not learning. Now, every family wants their children to enter the university campus and learn scientific and cultural knowledge, especially farmers, who realize the importance of science and technology. In the past, the baby was brought up while working at home. Now the baby is raised at home to go to school, and the future is boundless.
People's consumption concept has also changed, and the pursuit of enjoying material things has gradually increased, which shows that people's living conditions are rising steadily.
After 30 years of reform, everything is constantly changing, but what has not changed is the party's heart for the people and our love for the motherland.
Responder: Degenerate Angel → KINOMOTO SAKURA-Trainee Magician II 10-2 22:0 1
In the past 30 years, in China, the average annual growth rate of per capita income was only 0.5% in countries with weak government capacity and poor policies, while the average annual growth rate of per capita income in countries with good institutional capacity and good policies reached about 3%. This shows that government capacity plays a key role in a country's progress and development. At present, China has entered a new development stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way and accelerating socialist modernization. It is no exaggeration to say that having an effective and excellent government will play a decisive role in the completion of the third-step strategic goal. So, does China have an effective and excellent government at present? Or what is the ability level of our government at present?
China government's ability refers to the modern national government's efforts to mobilize, utilize, combine, explore and cultivate resources as much as possible by formulating and implementing high-quality, positive and effective public policies within the established national constitutional system, to provide a wide range of good public products and services for the society and the public, to reasonably formulate formal rules that the society generally abides by, and to actively guide wider informal social rules to maintain it. Form a system and its mechanism to effectively regulate social relations and social behaviors, and then promote the rapid, balanced, sustained and healthy development of the country in a comparative sense. Effectiveness is the core concept of government capacity.
From the nature of functions, government capabilities can be divided into the following capabilities: economic management capabilities, political and social management capabilities, and administrative organization management capabilities. This paper mainly evaluates the economic and social management ability of contemporary China government from the changes of China's national strength since the reform and opening up.
First of all, look at the ability of China government from the change of national economic strength.
Since the reform and opening up, China's socialist construction, especially economic construction, has made remarkable achievements. In this process, the government played a very important role. In fact, China, like other post-developed countries, takes a "government-led" development path. The explosive sustained economic growth of more than 20 years proves that our government is a strong and capable government. Can be analyzed from the following aspects:
First of all, China's gross domestic product continues to grow. China's GDP 1978 was 3624 1 100 million yuan, 1997 was 74,462.6 billion yuan, in 2006 it was 95,933.3 billion yuan, in 2002 it was/kloc-0,023.98 billion yuan and in 2003 it was 654,398 yuan. At comparable prices, China's gross national product has increased nearly eight times in the past 20 years. During the 20 years from 1978 to 2003, the average annual growth rate of China's GDP was about 10%, while the average annual growth rates of other major countries were 2.7% in the United States, 2.6% in Canada, 3.3% in Japan, 5.2% in India, 2.0% in France and 2.2% in Britain. By comparison, we can see that the growth rate of China's GDP is much higher than that of developed countries in the world.
Second, the growth rate of GDP per capita is much higher than that of other countries. In China, 1980 was 379 yuan, 1990 was 1634 yuan, in 2006 it was 7543 yuan, and in 2002 it was 7954 yuan, an increase of more than 20 times. From 1992 to 2003, the average annual growth rate was about 9.5%, while other countries in the same period were: USA 2.3, Japan 0.8%, Germany 1.0%, France 1.4% and India 4.6%. The economic structure was obviously optimized. From 1978- 1997, the average annual growth rate of the three industries is 5%, 12% and 10.6% respectively, and the proportion of GDP has also changed from 28. 1: 48.2: 23.7 to/kloc. Although the proportion of our economic structure is far lower than that of developed countries, the growth rate of the three industries is obviously higher than that of them. Moreover, the growth rate of agriculture in China is much slower than that of GDP, while the growth rate of industry and service industry is higher than that of GDP, which shows that China has entered a period of industrial expansion. First, achievements have been made in foreign trade. Since the reform and opening up, China's total import and export volume has been increasing, from $20.64 billion in 1978 to $509.76 billion in1year and $620.8 billion in 2002, with an average annual growth rate of about 13.5%, which is not only higher than the growth rate of China's GDP in the same period, but also higher than the average growth rate of world trade by nearly 8%. The balance of import and export increased from-1.978 (deficit) to-1.986-1.990, and then began to rise,1.990 turned into a surplus. China's international reserves were-129.6 million USD in 1980,1093 million USD in 1998 and 144960 million USD in 2006.
Second, the utilization of foreign capital has increased substantially. 1985, the actually utilized foreign capital in China was US$ 4.46 billion, reaching US$ 49.67 billion in 2006 and US$ 55 10/000 million in 2002, an increase of over10 times. China has become one of the countries attracting the most foreign investment. Nearly 400 of the world's top 500 multinational companies have invested in China. The events of September 1 1 and Enron in the United States prompted most international capital to leave the United States, and China is likely to become the next center of world capital gathering. The introduction of these foreign capitals not only makes China obtain relatively scarce capital, but more importantly, a large amount of foreign direct investment brings advanced technology, enterprise competition mechanism and management experience under the conditions of modern market economy, which also means a broad international market.
Third, it resisted the Asian financial crisis. The financial turmoil in Southeast Asia, which started at 1997, was fierce and knocked down the "dragon" and "tiger" in Asia in a few rounds. It shook Asia, implicated Russia, and even affected Brazil and the United States across the ocean. China, which is closest to the storm center, is inevitably hit. China's foreign trade has been under great pressure, and the situation of utilizing foreign capital is not optimistic. The market is weak, consumption is sluggish, and deflation is becoming more and more obvious. There are external financial crisis and internal deflation. In order to save the crisis, the government shouted the slogan of "actively expanding domestic demand" and introduced a series of policies and measures to stimulate economic development: the renminbi will not depreciate, a proactive fiscal policy, a prudent and flexible monetary policy, raising the export tax rebate rate, and managing finances according to law. China's economy successfully overcame the impact of the Asian financial crisis, and its national economy continued to develop rapidly. China's "superb macroeconomic management" enabled China to successfully resist the impact of the Asian financial crisis.
Fourth, successfully join the WTO. Joining the WTO is both an opportunity and a challenge for China. This means that China's economy has been integrated into the world economic system, and China will participate in international competition on an equal footing in a more stable and harmonious international environment, so as to realize the rational allocation of resources. Because China has few per capita resources and abundant human resources, it is very beneficial to China's economy and the world economy to increase its dependence on foreign countries on the basis of seeking common interests, whether it is strategic interests or current interests. In addition, the same rules of WTO will also play a very important role in stabilizing China's multilateral foreign trade relations and reducing trade frictions between China and its major trading partners.
In today's economic globalization, the interdependence of countries in the world has deepened unprecedentedly, and the competition among countries has reached an incandescent level. Under such circumstances, although the degree of China's economic internationalization is still relatively low and there are still many problems, we have been able to wield this double-edged sword, achieve advantages and avoid disadvantages, make use of various resource conditions in the international market, avoid the adverse impact of the world economy on China's economy, and successfully realize the rapid and sustained growth of China's economy. Does this once again prove the effectiveness of our contemporary government?