1, historical background = (domestic+international) (economy+politics+culture+...)

(1) economic background = productivity+relations of production+economic structure+economic pattern+ ...

(2) Political background = political situation+system+system+policy+class+nationality+diplomacy+military+ ...

(3) Cultural background = ideology, religion+science and technology+education+ ...

2. Historical conditions: basically the same as background analysis, with more emphasis on favorable factors.

3. Cause breadth: Cause = subjective (internal cause)+objective (external cause)

⑴ Subjective reasons: the initiation of the event, economic, political and ideological factors within the participants.

⑵ Objective reasons: natural, social environment, external economic, political and ideological factors.

The breadth of reasons is basically the same as that of background analysis, with the background focusing on static analysis and the reasons focusing on dynamic analysis.

4. Depth of cause: cause: → direct → main → fundamental.

(1) Direct cause: the most direct accidental factor (fuse, excuse, etc. ) causes the event to happen.

⑵ Main reasons: including subjective and objective factors that triggered the incident.

(3) Roots: historical trends (development of productive forces, requirements of the times)+subjective needs, etc.

There are both grade differences and contact infiltration between them. For example, the direct cause of the May 4th Movement was the failure of China's diplomacy at the Paris Peace Conference. The main reasons involved various contradictions at home and abroad at that time, including imperialist aggression, the dark rule of Beiyang warlords, the development of national capitalism, the growth of the proletariat, the influence of the October Revolution, the spread of Marxism and other factors. The root cause is the deepest factor among the main causes.

5. Contradiction analysis: contradiction between productive forces and relations of production, contradiction between economic base and superstructure, class contradiction, intra-class contradiction, ethnic contradiction, religious contradiction and contradiction between different interest groups. ...

* * * Answer ideas * * *

1 Text expression of the answer

Basic methods: first, the written expression should be correct, neatly arranged and properly spaced; Second, sentences should be fluent, plain and accurate; Third, the form should be "three-oriented", that is, paragraphs, questions and paragraphs, which are concise and intuitive; Key points, one sentence for each score; Serial numbers, different paragraphs and different sentences are marked with different serial numbers, so as to be coherent and clear at a glance.

2 How to analyze the reasons for the success or failure of political reform or reform:

Basic methods: Pay attention to four points: First, look at the trend and trend of historical development at that time, and see whether the reform or reform conforms to the historical trend and trend. The second is whether the reform policies and measures are correct and can be effectively implemented. Third, look at the power contrast between the old and new forces. Fourth, look at the quality of reformers.

3 clear comparative problem-solving ideas

Basic methods: The characteristic of explicit comparison questions is that the scope of comparison is certain. When answering, we should carefully examine the comparison items and restrictions of the comparison objects, analyze the relationship between the requirements of the questions and the knowledge of the textbooks, and then set the logical relationship between the items according to the rules.

4 implicit comparative problem solving method

Basic methods: The key to solving this kind of implicit comparison problem is to make a concrete analysis of the comparison object according to the meaning of the question and try to determine the comparison items by yourself. If it is a comparison of historical events and historical phenomena, the comparison items are generally determined from the aspects of background, cause, process, characteristics, results, influence and nature; If they are historical figures, the comparison items are generally determined from their times, classes, major achievements, limitations, historical status, impact evaluation and other aspects.

5 comparison project determination method

Basic methods: The concept of historical figures can be divided into nationality, age, title, main activities, evaluation and other elements. The concept of historical events can be divided into background, time, space, subject, process, meaning and other elements. Historical factors belong to the concept of historical phenomena, which are basically the same as those of historical events, but the process should be changed to the main content or performance. The concept of historical system can be divided into background, time, maker, main content and evaluation. Knowledge belonging to historical revolution can be divided into revolutionary tasks, organizational leadership, struggle program, main forces, methods, nature and results. The knowledge structure that belongs to the result and influence of historical revolution includes progressiveness and limitation.

6. Analysis and evaluation of the causes of social and economic development in ancient China.

Basic methods: To analyze the causes of social and economic development, we can generally start from the following aspects: First, productivity factors, including the improvement of production tools and technology, water conservancy construction, astronomical calendar progress, labor input and so on. Second, the factors of production relations, including the establishment of new modes of production, the adjustment of land policy and the influence of peasant uprising on the landlord class; Third, the factors of superstructure, including centralization, the protection and encouragement of the policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining business, the reaction of religious and cultural systems to economic development, and fourth, whether foreign relations and ethnic relations are conducive to economic development; The fifth is to look at social and environmental factors, whether the country is unified and stable; Sixth, geographical factors.

7 Analysis of solving problems of economic characteristics

Basic methods: three points should be paid attention to when analyzing economic characteristics: first, reveal basic characteristics from complex economic phenomena; Secondly, analyze the causes and effects of its characteristics; Third, revealing the characteristic language should be incisive and highly generalized, and it should come from the teaching material and be higher than the teaching material.

8. Induction and generalization methods in historical question-and-answer expression

Basic methods: The ability to summarize and summarize historical knowledge are two different historical thinking abilities. Induction refers to sorting out numerous or scattered or reappeared historical facts according to their types, making them from complex to simple, from chaotic to organized, from individual to * * * understanding; Generalization is to unify historical things with the same attributes and form a regular and universal truth. Induction is the premise of generalization.

9 open-ended question answering method

Basic method: To answer open-ended questions, we must be clear: what matters is not what kind of views we hold, but whether we can reasonably demonstrate our own views, that is, whether the arguments are logical, whether the materials and opinions are unified, and whether the reasons are sufficient. Therefore, to answer such questions, we must first determine the point of view.

Secondly, we should fully support the viewpoint by summarizing and refining the historical facts, and try our best to avoid omitting the supporting points of the viewpoint. Third, we should combine history with theory, with arguments and evidence. Fourth, the discussion should be comprehensive. For example, while affirming the positive role, the topic should point out the negative role and avoid absolutization.

How to answer the question "What explains" in the subjective question of 10

Basic method: What the answer expounds is actually the ability to grasp the essence of history and reveal the law of historical development. The answer is that it can be done this way. (1) What is the purpose of this struggle? What is the function of progress or retrogression? (2) Is the failure of this struggle a historical necessity or an accident? (3) if it is accidental, it means that the struggle is tortuous and complicated, and further conditions should be created; If it is inevitable, it means that this struggle can't be realized at all, which is a fantasy.

1 1 Analyze the background of historical things and historical phenomena.

Basic methods: Historical background is an objective condition that affects and predicts the development trend of things, and it is a summary of the factors that lead to historical events. These factors may be obvious or hidden.

We can start from three aspects: historical factors: whether it is the need of historical development. Realistic factors: whether it meets the needs of reality. Subjective factors: whether it is the need of the subjective desire of the parties.

12 the method of combining the solution of the problem with history and theory;

Basic method: There are generally three steps to answer essay questions. First of all, judge right and wrong, and show your hungry point of view. Second, list historical facts and explain your own views. In this step, we should pay attention to the decomposition of the parent viewpoint (that is, the general viewpoint) into several sub-viewpoints and demonstrate them with the historical facts we have. The development of viewpoints should be hierarchical, from the outside to the inside, from the shallow to the deep, interlocking and logical. Moreover, every viewpoint must be supported by historical facts, so that history and theory can be closely combined. Third, we should properly summarize and sublimate our views. The combination of history and theory to solve problems mainly refers to the need to have appropriate historical facts as the basis of argument and bright views as the guidance of argument; Adhere to the principle of "coming from history and going to history". "Coming from the history of China" means extracting thoughts from historical facts, and "going to history" means controlling historical facts with thoughts and unifying them.

13 how to evaluate historical figures

Basic method: Evaluating historical figures is actually evaluating the merits and demerits of their lives. To correctly evaluate a historical figure, we must first comprehensively grasp its historical activities; Secondly, these activities should be divided into positive (or progress, merit) and negative (or reaction, negligence) according to certain standards and principles. For some historical figures, their activities show obvious stages, so they should be evaluated in stages; Third, the criteria and principles of evaluation are: (1) productivity criteria; (2) the materialistic principle of different roles of people and heroes in historical development; don't exaggerate the role of heroes; (3) the viewpoint of class; (4) the viewpoint of the times, that is, to evaluate historical figures under specific historical conditions; if they meet the requirements of the development of the times, they will be affirmed; if they don't, they will be careful not to use modern people. (5) Don't generalize; (6) objective and fair; Don't be emotional; (7) Pay attention to the unity of two-point theory and key theory.

* * * Learn to analyze historical events * * *

How to analyze historical events?

Analysis of historical events should grasp four elements: cause, process, result and influence. The history of human society is the evolution process of cause-process-result-influence.

For example, the historical event of the Opium War. The Modern History of China (Volume I), the first chapter and the first section "China and the World on the Eve of the Opium War" and the second "Opium Smuggling in Britain and the Anti-smoking Movement in China" are about the causes of the Opium War. The third item in the first section, "The Course of the Opium War", is about the course of the Opium War; The second part, the first title "Sino-British treaty of nanking" and the second title "Sino-American Wang Xia Treaty and Sino-French Huangpu Treaty" are about the results of the Opium War. In the second section, the third item "the influence of the Opium War" and the seventh section, the first item "the reason for the germination of new ideas" and the second item "the germination of new ideas" talk about the influence of the Opium War.

How to analyze the causes of historical events?

Everything happens for a reason.

1. The causes of historical events in the ancient history of China should be analyzed from seven aspects: historical factors, political factors, economic factors, ethnic relations, foreign relations, ideological and cultural factors and personal subjective factors.

For example, the unification of the Qin Dynasty:

Historical factors-the merger war in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the reduction of the number of countries means partial reunification.

Political factors-long-term war, people's hardship and longing for reunification.

Economic factors-the development of social productive forces during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, especially after Shang Yang's political reform in Qin State, gradually became stronger, the country became prosperous and the army became strong.

Ethnic factors-During the merger war in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, ethnic ties and ethnic integration were strengthened.

Foreign relations factor-the strategic strategy of far-reaching and near-attacking.

Ideological and cultural factors--han feizi's autocratic monarchy and centralization.

Personal Subjective Factors —— Brilliance of Ying Zheng, King of Qin.

How to analyze the process of historical events?

There are generally three methods to analyze the process of historical events.

1, taking time as the axis, according to the logical order of historical events.

For example, the Opium War passed four o'clock:1In June of 840, British ships blocked the Pearl River Estuary, and the war broke out-then, the coast went north to Tianjin Baihekou-1841At the beginning of the year, the British army expanded the war and occupied Hong Kong and some cities along the southeast coast within one year-1842.

2. Take space as the link and place as the link to summarize.

For example, Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China at four points: Langfang, Yangcun-Dagu-Tianjin-Beijing.

3. According to the activities of historical figures, it is summarized by the method of treating people with things.

For example, the defence of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom can be grasped by Chen Yucheng, Li Xiucheng and their actions.

If the new route is opened, it can be summarized according to the activities of Diaz, Da Gama, Columbus and Magellan.

How to analyze the results of historical events?

The results of historical events are generally nothing more than four kinds:

① Success. Such as: the success of the new air route, the victory of the British bourgeois revolution, the victory of China, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the world anti-fascist war.

2 failed. The Opium War in China failed, the Westernization Movement went bankrupt, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement and the Boxer Rebellion failed, and the Indian national uprising failed.

There are successes and failures. For example, the Revolution of 1911 and the National Revolution.

(4) victory is invincible, and unbeaten is defeated. In the Sino-French War, China won and France was invincible.

Generally speaking, the result of historical events should be considered from three aspects: one "what" and two "why", that is, what is the result, why is it said to be such a result, and why is it such a result.

How to analyze the influence of historical events?

1. Sub-item analysis: analyze the impact from economic, political, ideological, cultural and diplomatic aspects.

For example, the Opium War: Economic Impact-Before the Opium War, China was a self-sufficient feudal economy. After the Opium War, western capitalist countries used the privilege of aggression to dump goods and plunder raw materials in China, and gradually involved the China market in the world capitalist market. China's self-sufficient feudal economy gradually disintegrated.

Political influence-changes in social nature, social contradictions, revolutionary tasks and nature.

Ideological influence-the new trend of thought of "learning from the west" has sprouted.

Diplomatic influence-From closed door to open door, independent China began to become a semi-colonial country with incomplete sovereignty. The relationship between capitalist powers and China is no longer an equal relationship between sovereign countries, but a relationship between aggression and being invaded, enslaved and enslaved. "

The Qing government gave orders to the people of China, while the foreign bourgeoisie gave orders to the people of China. This is the essence of many treaty privileges. "

2. Comprehensive analysis: If it is divided into two parts, we should not only see the positive effects, but also see the negative effects or limitations, and we should also distinguish between primary and secondary.

For example, the positive impact of the Opium War: economically, the gradual disintegration of China's self-sufficient feudal economy has had a positive impact on the rise of Chinese national capitalism; Ideologically-the bud of new ideas.

For example, the positive impact of the Sino-Japanese War: politically, it promoted the awakening of the Chinese nation, so there were the Reform Movement of 1898, the Boxer Rebellion, and the Revolution of 1911. Economically, imperialist economic aggression intensified, and China's social and natural economy further disintegrated, which objectively provided conditions for the development of national capitalism; There are bourgeois reform thoughts, bourgeois revolutionary thoughts and simple anti-imperialist thoughts of the peasant class ("helping the Qing Dynasty to destroy the foreign countries").

3. Internationalization analysis: the influence of China on foreign countries, the influence of foreign countries on China, and the combination of China and foreign countries.

For example, the influence of the Opium War on Britain and the world: Britain won, dumped goods to China by virtue of unequal treaties, plundered raw materials from China, and promoted the development of British capitalist economy. For the world, it is an important part of the initial formation of the capitalist world system. For example, the impact of the industrial revolution on China. Politically, after the completion of the first industrial revolution, European and American powers launched two opium wars, and China began to become a semi-feudal and semi-colonial society; Economically, modern industry came into being [or westernization enterprises and national capital enterprises, or China capitalism came into being]; Ideologically, advanced China people learn science and technology from the West.

4, transformation analysis: that is, learning to migrate and upgrade will transform thinking. There are two situations:

First, the special influence has been transformed into universal influence, such as the influence of the Opium War on China after the Industrial Revolution and the influence of Qin Shihuang's unification of the six countries on the ancient unification of China.

Second, universal influence is transformed into special influence. For example, the textbook talks about the influence on Asia, Africa and Latin America (bringing disaster to the people of Asia, Africa and Latin America: politically, European colonists began to control and infiltrate Asia, Africa and Latin America; Economic-economic exploitation and plunder; Ideological culture-culture and lifestyle have also changed gradually. )。 What about the impact on China? Politically, Portuguese, Spanish and Dutch successively came to China's frontier from the sea to carry out aggression, which brought disaster to the people of China and closed the rulers of Ming and Qing Dynasties to the outside world. Second, in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, high-yield crops from the United States were introduced to China through the Philippines, which laid a material foundation for the rapid population growth in the Qing Dynasty. Thirdly, Catholicism was introduced into China by sea, and "Western learning spread to the east" appeared in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

5. Interdisciplinary analysis: Interdisciplinary influence, that is, the influence of historical events on politics and geography. For example, China's ancient land reclamation is conducive to easing class contradictions and stabilizing the political situation politically, and has a negative impact on the ecological environment geographically. For example, the British industrial revolution consolidated the capitalist system politically and started the urbanization process geographically, which brought about problems such as population, resources and environment.

* * * Five Invisible Knowledge Points to Pay Attention to in History Review * * *

Invisible knowledge refers to the knowledge hidden in history textbooks that is not easy to be noticed but often tested in the college entrance examination. History review should pay attention to the excavation and mastery of ten invisible knowledge points.

A, the invisible knowledge in the title of the directory

This knowledge is hidden in the contents or chapter titles of middle school history textbooks. For example, "Chapter One: Formation and Development of Slave Society-Xia and Shang Dynasties" in the book Slave Society requires students to understand that Xia Dynasty was the formation period of slave society in China and Shang Dynasty was the development period of slave society in China. The similar knowledge points are as follows: the Warring States period is the formation period of feudal society; Qin and Han dynasties were the initial development period of feudal society; From the May 4th Movement to the "Big Three" of China's * * * production party, namely 19 19 to 1923, it was the founding period of China * * *; The period from the "First Congress" of the Kuomintang to the uprising of Wang Jingwei, that is, 1924 to1July 927, was the first revolutionary civil war. It can be seen that the title of the textbook contains rich knowledge, so we should be good at digging and thinking when studying.

Second, cross-chapter tacit knowledge

This kind of knowledge can't see the background, cause and effect, time limit, supplement or deletion because of the writing method of the textbook. For example, the battle of Changping in the Warring States period is invisible under the background of Qin reunification; Cao Cao's battle of Guandu, his three visits to Maolu, Battle of Red Cliffs and other historical facts of the Eastern Han Dynasty are all hidden in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The historical facts of the Western Jin Dynasty that Si Marui gave Zu Ti a secretariat title are invisible in the textbooks of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. 9 16 The establishment of a Baoji Qidan was invisible within the time limit of the Five Dynasties; At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhong Xiang put forward the slogan of "rich and poor", which was not seen in the peasant war in the Southern Song Dynasty. Yeluchucai of the Mongolian regime advised Wokuotai Khan to destroy agriculture and hid in Yuan Shizu to persuade farmers to mulberry; In the Spring and Autumn Period, the knowledge of the rise of Turkic and Qidan in the Northern Wei Dynasty was not seen in the later chapters. The late Eastern Zhou Dynasty was the Warring States Period, but the late Eastern Zhou Dynasty, that is, from 475 BC to 256 BC, does not mean that it was all the Warring States Period, because the Warring States Period ended in 22 BC1year, 35 years longer than the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and this historical fact was hidden in the deletion of textbooks. Therefore, students should pay attention to the connection of knowledge before and after learning.

Thirdly, the tacit knowledge in illustrations.

By inserting patterns in textbooks, the importance of this historical fact is vividly emphasized, and the lengthy text expression in textbooks is reduced, thus causing invisible knowledge that students ignore. For example, Guide the People's Freedom, which is invisible in the color picture on the title page, reflects the July Revolution in France; Illustrations of characters in Da Zang? Finch's self-portrait makes it hard to detect that Da is listed in the textbook. There are three representative works of Finch; Invisible illustrations in books and periodicals imply a lot of knowledge. The first year of the Republic of China in the Oath of the President means 19 12. In the picture of Yan Xia and His Main Translations, besides the theory of evolution, there is also The Meaning of Law, which is different from Montesquieu's On the Spirit of Law, and so on. When learning, the tacit knowledge of illustration can not be ignored.

Fourth, the invisible knowledge in the map.

This kind of knowledge is invisible on the historical map of textbooks. For example, the Map of Yuan Dynasty and the Map of Water Transport clearly tell people the historical facts that the Yellow River diverted into the Huaihe River due to floods. The ancient and modern place names attached to the historical map in Chinese history textbooks contain many important knowledge points, such as Kaifeng today, Daliang in the Warring States Period and Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhou Ming was a famous port in Song Dynasty, and it was called Ningbo Port in Ming Dynasty. Beijing was only called Youzhou, Nanjing and Zhongdu in the Song Dynasty. There are more important hidden knowledge points on the map of world history textbooks: for example, the map of American independence shows that in the treaty of 1783 recognizing American independence, Britain included a large area of land west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Mississippi River into the American territory. On the map of "19 Latin American independence movement", it is clearly told that in Latin America, besides Spain and Portugal, there are also the Netherlands, Britain and France. Therefore, students should combine maps to analyze and digest the teaching materials.

Invisible knowledge in the annotation of verbs (abbreviation of verb)

Annotation is a supplement to some contents of the textbook, and it is said that there is not much knowledge to remember. However, the college entrance examination does not rule out questions here, and some unexpected questions are often in the notes. For example, the "sophistry field" in 1993 is generally answered as "border trade market in Song Dynasty". But this can't be done, and it must be answered as the annotated "tax-collecting trade market". Therefore, annotation has become a knowledge point that can not be ignored: bronzes began to be manufactured during the patriarchal commune period; Harley is a modern British astronomer; The imperial army refers to the emperor's personal soldiers in the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the regular army of the country in the Northern Song Dynasty; Adjustment refers to family tax, which is essentially poll tax; Zhou Pi 'ai's suan Jing can't be regarded as a mathematical monograph according to the word suan Jing or Pythagorean theorem, because the elective book Ancient History of China is clearly annotated as an astronomical work; The temple of Amon, the temple of Karnak, and so on. This knowledge is expressed by annotations, so it can't be ignored in learning.

* * * Five mnemonics for history study in the college entrance examination * * *

First, the classification memory method

Sorting and classifying historical knowledge can make knowledge organized and systematic, which is not only convenient for students to remember, but also can cultivate their inductive ability. For example, after "Ancient History of China" is finished, the contents of textbooks can be classified according to centralization, social and economic development, tax system evolution, land system development, scientific and cultural development, ethnic relations, foreign relations, peasant uprising and peasant war. For another example, the content of China's ancient cultural history can be classified according to the clues of astronomy, medicine, agriculture, scientific and technological works, painting and so on. Through classification, students can get twice the result with half the effort in consolidating knowledge.

Second, the "centralized" memory method

"Centralized" mnemonic method is to summarize and condense some complicated contents into several main points, so that students can grasp the key points in an outline. And if you expand the main points, you can present the original appearance of historical content.

For example, World War I can be "condensed" into the following points;

Background: The two military blocs formed by the imperialist countries to carve up the world again frantically expanded their troops to prepare for war, which aggravated the war crisis.

Time:1914 ~1918.

After: (1) Three fronts. Namely: East Line, West Line and South Line. (2) Five major battles. Namely: Battle of Marne, Battle of Lake mazur, Battle of Verdun, Battle of Somme, Battle of jutland.

Nature and consequences: This is a predatory and unjust war between imperialists. It has brought profound disasters to the people of the belligerent countries; The first socialist country, the Soviet Union, appeared.

Example 2, the clue to the development of the American War of Independence, mainly grasps six points: (1) outbreak: Lexington artillery fire. (2) Army building: The Second Continental Congress decided to establish a continental army. (3) People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded: the Declaration of Independence was issued. (4) Turning point: Saratoga is more agile. (5) Victory: British troops in Yorktown surrendered. (6) Peace Treaty: Britain and the United States signed a peace treaty.

Third, the string memory method

Through cross-linking, the same type of historical events or the activities of the same person in different periods are presented to students according to the clues of historical development, which is convenient for students to understand and consolidate. For example, the evolution of the tax system in the ancient history of China can be arranged as follows:

(1) The "first tax mu" of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period.

(2) the "household registration system" in the Western Han Dynasty.

(3) The lease agreement and corvee system in the Northern Wei Dynasty.

(4) Tenancy system in Sui and Tang Dynasties.

(5) Late Tang tax law.

(6) A whipping method in the late Ming Dynasty.

(7) Divide fields into mu in Qing Dynasty, and levy silver.

Another example is the content of Li Dazhao's main revolutionary activities in the textbook "History of China" in junior high school, which is scattered in some chapters of volumes two and three. When I was teaching, I organized it into: (1) leading the new culture movement; (2) leading the May 4th Movement; (3) Establish a weekly review. Propaganda of Marxism; (4) Participate in the establishment of China * * * producer; (five) to participate in the formation of the United front of the two parties and the revolutionary class in China; (6) 1927 died heroically in Beijing.

Fourth, the memory method of songs and rhymes.

It is difficult for students to remember the historical year, historical dynasty, political name of a dynasty or feudal emperor by ordinary methods. Others can be made into songs. For example, the positions of the seven warring States countries can be arranged as follows:

Qi, Chu, Qin, Yan, Zhao, Wei and Han.

Southeast, northwest to the middle.

For example, the names of the five dynasties and ten countries after the Tang Dynasty can be compiled as:

Five Dynasties: Liang, Tang, Jin, Han, Zhou, before and after.

Ten countries: South, North, Han, Fujian, Chu, Wu,

Shu before and after Nanping in the Southern Tang Dynasty,

And wuyue is not negligent.

Five, interesting memory method

Students with interesting knowledge are impressed and have a solid memory. Therefore, teaching should be carried out according to students of different grades, combined with the contents of textbooks, and methods such as telling historical stories, quoting poems and couplets, making up riddles or using homophones can be used to make students feel novel, arouse students' interest and improve the memory effect. For example, when I was talking about the Battle of the Julu, I simply added the idiom allusions of "cross the rubicon". When talking about the Chu-Han war, add allusions such as "the last battle" and "besieged on all sides". Recite Su Shi's poems such as "Red Cliff Nostalgia" when he talks about Battle of Red Cliffs. Talking about Shang Yang's reform, telling students to remember the time of the first 359 years with the homonym of "owing three pots of wine" can play a very good role. Some people say that history is reality. In other words, what happened in history is still happening now, but the form has changed, and many things in reality have historical shadows. There are many such examples. For example, our current reform has happened many times in history. Nowadays, the disputes and wars among countries in the world are similar to those in China's Warring States Period, the Three Kingdoms Period and the Imperial Age in Europe and West Asia. Tragedy and comedy of joys and sorrows in history are not repeated scenes. Therefore, if you want to learn history well, don't separate history from reality, understand history with reality, and take care of reality with history, then you will learn fun, and then you will have a deeper understanding of history and reality, as if opening a new world.