Implementing general contracting management and occupying high-end market _ Besson has a heart _ building economy _ building Chinese network With China's entry into the post-WTO era, the construction industry has accelerated its pace of integration with the international community, and the construction market is undergoing profound changes. The concept of general contracting management is no longer the repeated superposition of construction general contracting, which is different from general civil engineering contracting and professional contracting. China Construction Eighth Bureau has made bold attempts and innovations in the concept and methods of general contracting management, which has comprehensively enhanced the company's core competitiveness.
With the entry of China into the post-WTO era, the construction industry has accelerated the pace of international integration, and the construction market is undergoing profound changes. The concept of general contracting management is no longer the repeated superposition of construction general contracting, which is different from general civil engineering contracting and professional contracting. China Construction Eighth Bureau has made bold attempts and innovations in the concept and methods of general contracting management, which has comprehensively enhanced the company's core competitiveness. (refer to the Chinese website of architecture)
Present situation of implementing general contracting in China Construction Eighth Bureau
As early as the early 1990 s, China Construction Eighth Bureau made a preliminary attempt and exploration on general contracting management. Hua Fu Recreation Center, built in 1992, adopts the general contracting of DB project; 1996 Algiers songhui and 2000 Shanghai heavy machinery factory adopted epc project general contracting, and achieved good economic and social benefits.
In 2003, the company issued the General Contracting Management Measures and Project Evaluation Measures, which defined the concepts, concepts, principles, methods and means of general contracting management and project evaluation. In 2004, taking the pilot project management scheme of the Ministry of Construction as an opportunity, through the implementation of the strategy of "one pilot, two batches", Dalian Cultural Plaza (general contracting of P-C project), Tianjin TEDA Convention and Exhibition Center (general contracting of MPC project management), Guangzhou New Baiyun Airport, Nanning Convention and Exhibition Center (general contracting of P-C project), Nanjing Metro Command Center, Wuhan Sports Center and Jinan emerged. These projects have fully demonstrated the professional cooperation advantages and technical advantages of general contracting, and ensured the high-quality, efficient and high-speed completion of key projects at all levels, which has been affirmed and praised by the government and owners.
Generally speaking, there are not many general contracting projects in domestic construction enterprises, and more are located in general contracting. Although this model will be in a dominant position in a certain period of time, from the perspective of development, the benefits of general contracting are poor and the profits are low, so general contracting management fees are generally charged as concessions. In the case that the profit of the main business of construction enterprises mainly depends on the general contractor, the profit will decrease year by year, which will definitely affect the enterprises and even endanger the future development of the construction industry. The cross-deepening of procurement, design, construction and other links reduces the cost loss between links, reduces costs and increases profits to a certain extent, which is a win-win choice. Only by actively cultivating and developing intelligence-intensive general contracting, improving the core competitiveness of enterprises and seizing the high-end market can we ensure the sustainable development of enterprises.
Specific measures to cultivate and popularize the general contracting management model
Actively guide and implement general contracting management and implement enterprise classification management projects.
2 1 century, China Construction Eighth Bureau established the general contracting management organization system, and the bureau and the company successively set up two levels of project management committees, and formulated the "two systems" implementation method with the project manager responsibility system and project cost accounting system as the content. In 2004, China Construction Eighth Bureau implemented hierarchical responsibility and hierarchical control for project management, and formulated the Compilation of Legal Person's Classified Project Management Responsibilities, which clarified the responsibilities of all levels in project management. In particular, it is pointed out that the management of project legal person level is mainly to plan the general contracting project management and clarify the general contracting project management mode. In 2005, combined with the development strategy of the general contracting management of China Construction Eighth Bureau, the Implementation Manual of the general contracting management of China Construction Eighth Bureau was compiled, which further clarified the general contracting management concept, organizational form, management principles, management means and methods, standardized the general contracting project management behavior by improving the general contracting management system and process, actively guided, promoted, nurtured and developed the general contracting of China Construction Eighth Bureau, and comprehensively enhanced the core competitiveness of enterprises.
Implement the development strategy of "one pilot, two batches" and fully implement the project general contracting management.
In 2004, China Construction Eighth Bureau successfully applied for the ministerial-level general contracting pilot project "Dongguan Kang Hua Hospital", which became one of the six ministerial-level general contracting pilot projects in China. At the same time, the Eighth Bureau put forward the development strategy of "one pilot, two batches". Through the pilot demonstration, it established a typical and standardized operation of general contracting management with high starting point, high quality and high standard, which radiated and promoted the general contracting management level of surrounding projects. Through the demonstration project at the bureau and company levels, it is established that "serving the owners and having nothing to do;" Manage subcontracting, no matter what happens "and" the general contractor takes overall responsibility and turns the key to completion ". General contracting management has improved the overall level of global general contracting management, and at the same time trained a group of construction general contracting management talents who are familiar with general contracting management and have rich professional knowledge and coordination ability.
Strengthen the integration of resources and optimize the rational allocation of production factors
Improve the general contracting management system, popularize the responsibility engineer system, and cultivate the compound talent team of general contracting management. The responsibility engineer system is the management experience of China Construction Eighth Bureau in implementing the general contracting management mode. The core of the responsibility engineer system is to emphasize the comprehensive management role of field engineers in the project. It requires the responsible engineer to be responsible for the overall organization, coordination and management of a region or a branch of the project from planning, technology, quality and safety costs to production and operation under the leadership of the project manager and the guidance of functional departments. In general, the general project management department has a general contractor deputy manager and a general contractor management department, which are responsible for the management of other projects except civil engineering. This method often leads to wrangling, prevarication and confusion in management, and its functions overlap with business departments such as project technology, quality inspection, safety and commerce, which affects the effect of general contracting management. Through the implementation of the responsibility engineer system, the management process of project general contracting is straightened out and optimized. Responsible engineers are also playing an increasingly important role in general contracting management. At the same time, cultivate a group of compound talents with comprehensive management quality, and improve the general contracting management ability and comprehensive competitiveness of enterprises.
Effectively centralize fund management and improve the efficiency of fund use. Through the implementation of project general contracting management, China Construction Eighth Bureau implements the management mode of "two lines of revenue and expenditure and centralized management of funds" for project funds. After receiving the project payment, the project will be remitted to the legal person's collection account, which will be distributed to regional companies and projects by the legal person according to the budget. In order to effectively ensure that funds are concentrated in corporate accounts, the Bureau has set up fund managers in major business areas and direct companies to concentrate funds on behalf of the Bureau and allocate funds according to instructions (the project department does not have revenue and expenditure accounts). Through the centralized management of funds, it not only improves the efficiency of the use of funds, but also plays a positive role in balancing the funds of enterprises and alleviating the contradiction of tight funds; At the same time, it provides conditions for centralized procurement of bulk materials, and puts an end to the situation that project funds are used without budget and expenditures are out of control.
Implement centralized procurement of project production factors and effectively allocate resources. In order to realize the intensive management of the project, the Eighth Bureau reformed the procurement mode of production factors (materials, equipment, subcontracting teams, etc.). ). Establish a labor base, attach importance to signing employment agreements, and establish a labor resource pool; Bulk materials shall be subject to centralized procurement, and sporadic materials shall be subject to total price or limited price procurement. The purchasing power is mainly concentrated in the company, and the company implements bidding procurement, changing decentralized and opaque procurement into centralized and open procurement, which reduces the procurement cost.
Strengthen the cost control of general contracting and create maximum benefits.
Taking the responsibility book of project management objectives as the carrier, the project manager responsibility system and cost accounting system are implemented. Since 1998, China Construction Eighth Bureau has advocated and persisted in the implementation of "two systems" and achieved remarkable results. The main method is to divide the project benefits into management benefits and operation benefits after winning the bid, and establish the project responsibility cost through "price separation". The enterprise as a legal person signs a target responsibility contract with the project manager to define the project management objectives and economic indicators, such as responsibility cost, responsibility cost reduction rate, construction period, quality and safety, etc. The project decomposes these goals and indicators layer by layer and implements them in each post. They will assess regularly or according to the progress of the image, grasp the running status of the cost, analyze the existing problems in time and take corrective measures.
Establish cost quota to create conditions for "separation of pricing" and cost control. On the basis of summary and in-depth investigation, the headquarters has formulated a series of management measures to strengthen cost control, including project cost management measures, project cost accounting measures, materials and temporary facilities accounting management measures. The core of these methods is to implement quota and budget management, strengthen the implementation of responsibility system, and at the same time clarify the responsibility of competent departments and related departments for cost control again.
Actively explore professional subcontracting mode to improve the profit level of the project. Doing professional subcontracting well is the key and difficult point in implementing general contracting management. The general contracting project department is the production management center, and the professional subcontractors are the production implementation centers. The Eighth Bureau promoted the establishment of internal simulation market, introduced professional subcontracting competition mechanism, and the general contractor and various professional subcontracting teams participated in bidding, and defined the responsibilities, rights and interests of the general contractor and subcontractors on the basis of contracts. According to the contract conditions and labor resources conditions, various subcontracting methods such as labor settlement, physical subcontracting and square meter settlement were selected, which further reduced the project cost. From the management mechanism, eliminate the quality, time limit and schedule problems and contradictions caused by unclear responsibilities between general contractors and general contractors, general contractors and professional subcontractors. The promotion of this management mechanism will strengthen the organization, coordination and management of general contracting.
Implementing risk mortgage contract and innovating management mode. In recent years, China Construction Eighth Bureau adopted risk of mortgage system, which effectively mobilized and improved the enthusiasm and sense of responsibility of project managers. For example, the newly started projects of Company II/KOOC-0/6 have all been contracted by risk mortgage, with the total profit responsibility target of 69,665,438+10,000 yuan, the average output profit rate/KOOC-0/0.0/KOOC-0/%,and the highest output profit rate/KOOC-0/4.2%. The highest payment amount in risk of mortgage accounts for 2% of the contract amount, and the highest payment amount in risk of mortgage is RMB 6,543.8+0.5 million yuan, and the 654.38+06 project * * * pays RMB 6,727.9 million yuan to risk of mortgage.
Strengthen the general contracting management and improve the performance ability.
With the intensification of competition in the construction market, the status of both parties to the contract is not equal, and the owners will transfer more risks to the construction enterprises. Therefore, strengthening contract awareness and risk management has become an important legal guarantee for project general contracting management.
Make the project contract public and implement the early warning of performance. In recent years, through the contract disclosure work, the project manager has enhanced the contract consciousness, avoided the breach of contract in contract performance and improved the performance ability. Supervise the performance of the contract (through the performance report), and issue a performance warning to the project in time when it deviates or will deviate from the contract, explaining the risk degree and economic consequences of its behavior, or the passive degree of the follow-up work caused by its poor performance. By taking corrective measures in time, we can reduce the loss of breach of contract and improve the performance ability of enterprises.
With the support of science and technology, strengthen the management of construction period, reduce costs and improve efficiency. In the integral hoisting construction of the steel roof truss in the second phase of Nanning Convention and Exhibition, the project manager department boldly adopted the four-crane hoisting technology, which is rare in China at present. The whole steel roof truss (about 85m) was assembled on the ground, and then it was moved in place by truck crane. It took only 40 days to complete the hoisting task, which saved 30 days of construction period and reduced the project cost by 600,000 yuan while ensuring the quality. Bureau formulated the "Measures for the Administration of Project Duration", defined the responsibilities of all kinds of personnel at all levels, and conducted regular assessment. The performance rate of contract time limit is linked to the main leaders of the company, and the time limit is included in the assessment of project management objectives, and the time limit account and time limit claim visa are established.
Strengthen quality and safety management and implement accountability system. Quality management is mainly realized by running ISO900 1 standard. Quality management Do a good job in quality planning (including excellence planning), strive to achieve "excellence at one time", strictly control the process, pay attention to technological innovation, and reduce the quality cost. Safety management implements occupational safety and health management system, draws lessons from Shanghai's practice, and comprehensively implements on-site safety system certification.
Strengthen process supervision and completion assessment, and fulfill project contracting responsibilities.
In order to standardize the project management behavior, clarify the project management level and determine the project results, the Eighth Bureau has formulated the Measures for Project Management Assessment, which implements monthly assessment of the project, quarterly assessment of the company and semi-annual assessment of the bureau. Regularly assess, evaluate and summarize the project, strengthen the process control, and give priority to quantitative assessment (time limit, quality, safety, cost and recovery), supplemented by qualitative assessment (three systems and process management data). If the management fails to meet the requirements or the economic indicators deviate obviously, a warning will be given, and the project team or project manager will be replaced if necessary to avoid the "black hole" of losses caused by the project. After the project is completed, enter the cash evaluation procedure. Those who meet the conditions for cashing after evaluation will be cashed step by step. If the profit target determined by the project management target responsibility book is not completed, the difference will be deducted from the risk of mortgage paid by the individual; If the mortgage risk is not enough to be deducted, it will be deducted from the future salary and other income until it is deducted to the amount determined by the project management target responsibility book.
The project management mode has changed. In 2005, the project management system of China Construction Eighth Bureau was popularized and applied all over the world, and a "one platform and two levels" was constructed: the network platform, management layer and operation layer of the project management system of China Construction Eighth Bureau, which made the project management of the original relatively independent bureau headquarters, decentralized companies and project departments scientifically and effectively integrated with the project management of different management levels on one project management platform, shortening the management. By means of information technology, the project management mode is changed, so that enterprise resource management can be systematically integrated, and the rapid response ability of enterprises to connect with the market can be improved, while the comprehensive level of general contracting management can be improved.
Thoughts on further popularizing the general contracting management mode and strengthening the core competitiveness of enterprises
The implementation of general contracting management will inevitably conflict with the traditional management mode and concept, so there will be a series of various problems.
Take the general contracting project as the cost center, establish a strong general contracting management system on the basis of managing the project at the legal person level, and form the organizational management advantage of general contracting. Strengthen the organization, set up a two-level project management committee and a general contracting leading group, and the company set up a project general contracting work steering group headed by the manager to strengthen the management concept of the decision-making level, unify the thinking, and maximize the project benefits.
Carry out the responsibility engineer system, cultivate compound talents suitable for general contracting management, and build the human resource advantage of enterprise development. Carrying out the responsibility engineer system not only makes the project management system change to the general contracting function immediately, but also makes all functional departments implement the general subcontracting counterpart management, with clear "responsibilities", which better meets the needs of general contracting management; Moreover, responsible engineers can get comprehensive training in the front line of general contracting project management.
Deepen the "two systems management", build the profit growth point of general contracting management and build the cost advantage of enterprise development. Implement the project management objective responsibility book and the project management risk of mortgage contract, fully implement the project management personnel responsibility system, establish an internal material procurement simulation market, establish and improve the "two cost control" operation mechanism at the legal person level and the project level, and provide a list of qualified suppliers at the legal person level, and the project management department will implement bidding and procurement; The project is subject to quota acquisition, "cost decomposition, two-control comparison, random adjustment and daily settlement", and the process is strictly controlled. Project manager responsibility system and project cost accounting system make the whole construction production maintain rapid growth.
Improve the general contracting function of construction and comprehensively enhance the management advantages of enterprises. Mastering market resources and managing subcontractors are the core links in implementing general contracting. We must start with the functions of consulting service, design and financing in the early stage of project action, and make every effort to build the general contracting ability of the project.
Based on the general construction contract, it extends to the front end and back end of EPC. On the basis of general construction contract, it is necessary to extend to the front-end and back-end service fields, increase the consulting service function, and develop in the direction of whole process and all-round service with general construction contract, which provides a good opportunity for contractors to participate in the project as soon as possible. This is also an extension of EPC project general contracting.
Optimizing design to improve the efficiency of general contracting management. With the transformation of construction project management mode and the implementation of general contracting CM mode, fast-track method is adopted, and at the same time, it participates in project implementation from the early stage of construction, provides construction suggestions for designers, and then is responsible for construction process management. Therefore, the contractor needs to complete a lot of construction drawing design and deepen the detailed construction design. For example, the project of Kang Hua Hospital is carried out according to the workflow of "organizing construction while improving design". Taking the optimization design of basement foundation as an example, the general contractor optimizes the construction drawing design according to the actual geological conditions found during earthwork excavation and the previous construction experience of similar soil. Compared with the original scheme, the optimization ratio is 68.3%, and the cost is saved by about 4 million yuan. The Capital Airport assisted the design institute to optimize and deepen more than 50 design drawings11200, and solved more than 500 major design problems. These examples can clearly and profoundly tell us that behind the close combination and deep intersection of design and construction, the implementation of general contracting management contains huge economic benefits and social values, so strengthening the design function of enterprises can have stronger competitiveness in the general contracting market.
Strengthen financing function and promote the development of general contracting. Construction enterprises must have strong financing ability to carry out general contracting business, especially to undertake bot and BOOT projects. Create conditions for the implementation of general contracting project management from the deep level of working capital and improve the competitiveness of construction enterprises in the primary market.
Adjust the business strategy, shorten the construction period, occupy the high-end market and form the market advantage of enterprise development. Extend the current operation of undertaking construction general contracting to the stage of project decision-making and design, lay a foundation for undertaking project general contracting and project management, and actively operate BOT and BOOT projects by integrating investment projects to promote the development of project general contracting.
Today, when interests and risks, opportunities and challenges, and competition and cooperation coexist, we should look at general contracting from a strategic perspective, fully understand the gap between construction enterprises and large contractors at home and abroad, study and explore the basic theory and practical application of general contracting management, and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.
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