The Sturm und Drang movement in Germany captured the rebellious psychology of the literary world in the late18th century. They opposed the training required by scientific methods and rational thinking, and regarded it as the ideal "cult" object of the Enlightenment, which was rigid and boring. With the formation of the pioneers of romanticism, literary inspiration is considered to benefit from the cultivation of nature, intuition, personal wisdom, fantasy, passion and impulse. This was the beginning of a spontaneous change in thinking, which eventually swept through most European countries. The situation is like a huge pendulum, starting to swing in the opposite direction. In Germany, the poet and dramatist Friedrich von Schiller (1759- 1805) and Gao De both started their careers by actively participating in the hurricane movement.

Goethe was born in Frankfurt, Germany, and began to study at the university in Leipzig at the age of 16, where he wrote his first poem and the first batch of plays. Later, he went to Strasbourg to study, where he met Johann Gottfried von Herder (1744- 1803), a philosopher and literary critic, which laid the foundation for Goethe's early participation in the surge movement. Held let him appreciate the beauty of Gothic architecture and the melody of German folk music, and also let him get in touch with Shakespeare's (W. william shakespeare, 1564- 16 16) extensive but not classic drama works. Goethe absorbed this rich cultural and educational content, and his versatility was fully demonstrated in his first novel Die Leiden des jungen Werthers, which was published in 1774. The novel's admiration for individualism and writing style remind people of Rousseau's sad novels, and the protagonist Victor becomes an idealized romantic hero. However, for Goethe, fast sports is just a youth. He will continue to write his epic Faust and make contributions to the history of biology and science. Critics usually regard Goethe and Schiller as classic scholars, not romantics.

For some people, hurricane movement is a bridge to another world. This is a romantic world, and a wave from the depths is surging. It did not appear in that powerful philosophical face, but aimed at the Enlightenment, and even went to its opposite. If the Enlightenment praised science and its process and method, then romanticism is avoiding science. If the Enlightenment is worldwide, then romanticism is praising what we can call "roots", such as folk music and folk stories.

The progress of the movement varies from country to country. In Britain, it was the response of the French Revolution, including early romantic poets william blake (1757- 1827), Wordsworth (1770- 1850) and Coleridge (65438+). These three romantic lyrics became the symbol of the movement.

Goethe was a scientist, a poet, a playwright, a novelist and an early leader of the Romantic Movement. In Germany, Herder believes in romanticism, which is regarded as a rejection of the French intellectual model and a support for Germany.

France is not only the activity hometown of Swiss-born Rousseau, but also the location of political events that promote the development of romanticism. However, the power of the French Enlightenment still held back French romanticism, and it was not until the 1930s and 40s of 19 that France ushered in romanticism.

The United States almost completely missed the Romantic Movement, because the United States is a model of the "Enlightenment Government", and the whole system of checks and balances was established in accordance with the ideas of the Enlightenment, with a reasonable structure.

Although national pride and individualism are beneficial things, it is illogical to abandon science and reason. Except perhaps henry david thoreau (18 17- 1862), who among those who oppose technology, science and rationality will be willing to give up these convenient technologies that have entered their lives? Even Thoreau, it is said, wants to taste family food, put on hiking shoes, go to a generous neighbor's house and cook with a well-equipped kitchen there.

As an animal, human beings have many faces, so we must leave room for the diversity of human nature as much as possible, and the greatest potential of human development lies in this. Not everyone has to be a scientist. The difference between sensitivity, nature and individual rights is crucial to human efforts. But looking at science rigidly, forgetting many ideas provided by science and giving up rational thinking are tantamount to cultural suicide.

In the romantic era, the fate of science and its constant revelation of the mystery behind nature seem to indicate that the sea ahead will be stormy. However, the19th century is still an era of great hope for science, which is an era of great changes and exciting discoveries. It is in this era that human rediscovery will fundamentally change the way people look at themselves. The discovery of geology will change our understanding of the earth. Knowledge of physics, chemistry and astronomy will change the way we look at the universe and its operating mechanism. The future may bring us great understanding, but at the same time there is a confusing conflict between old ideas and new facts. This is a constantly changing and self-correcting human spectacle, which we call science.