1368, fled from Dadu, and Yuan's rule over the Central Plains ended.
In the next 300 years, the Mongols who returned to the grassland still invaded many times, trying to restore the glory of Genghis Khan.
During this period, there were many masters in Mongolia, even once in Beijing, but they never entered the Central Plains.
1368- 1388: Yuan Shundi fled the metropolis on 1368.
On the way, Yuan Shundi "called ministers to ask about the revival plan", meaning to revive mountains and rivers.
At that time, although most of them were lost, the vast areas in the northwest and southwest were still occupied by Mongolian nobles, and Yuan Shundi sent troops to recover them.
However, Dayuan, who was terminally ill, had many internal contradictions, and had already lost the popular support of the Central Plains. The Yuan Army was defeated by Lien Chan.
After the death of Shun Di, his son Zhaozong tried to achieve great rejuvenation like Zhou Xuanwang and Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty with the theme of "Xuanguang".
He "recruited loyal ministers from all sides as a plan for restoration" aimed at "restoring the Central Plains".
1372, Xu Da, Li Wenzhong, and Shengfeng made three northern expeditions, all of which were defeated by the expanded Timur, and the situation in the Northern Yuan was a little peaceful.
However, Zhao Zong failed to invade the Central Plains several times, and he never got what he wanted.
1388, after destroying the remnants of Yuan strongholds in Yunnan and Liaodong, the Ming army went north again. Aquamarine led a great army to break the North Yuan in the fishing sea!
Emperor Tianyuan and his eldest son escaped and were killed by the Ministry.
Since then, Mongolian Khan no longer used the name of Han Temple and posthumous title, and the Northern Yuan Dynasty perished.
Tragedy of the Northern Yuan Dynasty: Back to the grassland, the rulers of the Northern Yuan Dynasty were acclimatized and determined to "return to the Central Plains". However, 20 years have passed, and the Central Plains has not yet seen it, and it has disappeared first.
This is helpless!
Although the ancestors of the Yuan rulers came from grasslands, they had already become the Central Plains dynasty.
When ruling the Central Plains, the agricultural areas had low tax cost and developed economy, and the imperial court supported bureaucrats to implement centralized rule with rich taxes.
However, after retreating into nomadic areas, the people lived on weeds, the tax cost was high, the economy was backward, and it was unrealistic to rule the grassland with the yuan system.
Therefore, the aristocratic bureaucrats in the Northern Yuan Dynasty were in charge of the army and refused to obey the central authorities.
Similarly, the tribes who used to live on the grasslands no longer needed the rulers of the Northern Yuan Dynasty.
In his early years, Yuan Di was in the Central Plains with money and soldiers. If the ministries obey Yuan Di, they will be rewarded by Yuan Di and resist Yuan Di, but it is difficult to resist the army.
Now, Yuan Di has lost the Central Plains, has no wealth to win over the ministries, and has no huge central army to suppress the ministries.
Therefore, at the beginning of Yuan Di's retreat to the Central Plains, he could still rely on the remaining wealth and military forces to expand Timur and other famous players to compete with Daming, but once he could not quickly seize the rich land, even if he could defeat the Ming army, he would still rely on the old capital and could not afford to lose.
Therefore, Beiyuan still looks arrogant, but in fact, it has long been strong outside and hollow inside. When it encounters setbacks (the battle of Haidilao), it can no longer control the situation and collapse quickly!
1439- 1455: After the demise of the Northern Yuan Dynasty, Mongolia was divided into three parts: Tatar, Wala and Wuliangha.
14 10- 1423, Ming Chengzu made five personal expeditions to Mobei, targeting Tatar and Wuliangha four times, and targeting Wala only once.
Fighting and pulling each other is a pragmatic operational strategy. However, by pressing the gourd to float the ladle, the biggest benefit is "the Vala who is beaten the least".
While surrendering to Daming, Vara expanded rapidly.
By 1447, Wala controlled a vast area from Central Asia in the west, Korea in the east, Siberia in the north and the Great Wall in the south.
1449, Civil Fort and Valla defeated the main force of the Ming Dynasty and captured Ming Yingzong alive.
Soon, the Walla army held Yingzong hostage and forced Beijing!
At that time, many ministers in Beijing advocated giving up Beijing and moving the capital.
If it is, first, it may really "return to the Central Plains".
Yu Qian, loyal opposition and Ming won the battle of defending Beijing.
After returning to Walla, he first defeated Tuotuo Buhuahan, calling himself "Heavenly Sweat".
Immediately, I also wrote to Emperor Jingtai: I have a decree! Yuan was predestined, but now he has come to me. Ming "should be destiny", sent to recognize me as Dayuan Khan, and the two families lived in peace.
Between the lines, it reveals great ambition.
However, only two years later, he was assassinated first.
Later, walnuts declined and split.
The first tragedy: the powerful and fragile also have great talent. In just a few years, Hami was attacked in the west, boundless Kazakhstan in the east, and the main force of the Ming army was broken in the south, which matched Beijing.
However, although the vast area was controlled first, it was only "puffiness".
First, a large number of tribes joined him by fighting, appointing officials and marrying, but he did not complete the integration of grassland.
Although the ministries are subordinate to each other first, they still maintain great independence.
Therefore, although Lien Chan won Lian Shengwen first, its main force was only 40,000 to 50,000 people. Even when it attacked Beijing, it still had only 50 thousand people.
Daming sometimes makes mistakes twice, but he can't always make mistakes twice. As long as Daming doesn't make mistakes twice, he can't be shaken by this team.
If you can't enter the Central Plains as soon as possible, then, although the ministries formally submit to him, they still rely more on trade with Daming economically and will not be loyal to him forever.
After the failure of attacking Beijing, perhaps for the purpose of internal integration, they first chose to usurp the throne and stand on their own feet and slaughter the golden family.
Although the golden family is not what it used to be, it has always been the spiritual bond of all parts of the grassland. This move not only failed to complete his integration, but also cost him his life.
If we can't integrate all parts of the grassland, even if it is strong on the surface, it is impossible to develop a real grassland empire.
The task of integrating grassland falls on Great-Great-Sun and Great-Yan Khan, who are also the first people.
1487- 1565438+
/kloc-started personal expedition at the age of 0/6, defeated Wala and other departments, and unified Monan Mongolia.
The territory is not as good as before, but the rule is more stable.
He vigorously carried out reforms, deprived feudal lords with different surnames of the right to rule the tribe, and led ministries with his own son, trying to change the fragmented situation of Mongolian ministries.
He didn't say anything about "returning to the Central Plains". On the contrary, he kept peace with Daming for a long time.
Because of this, under his rule, Mongolia's production has developed and its strength has steadily increased.
Therefore, he is regarded as the "Lord of ZTE" in Mongolia.
However, every day is a holiday.
Dayan Khan died at the age of 44.
The tragedy of Khan the Wild Goose: A flash in the pan Although Khan the Wild Goose kept peace with Daming for a long time, Daming had gradually declined at that time. If Mongolia maintains stable development, it is possible to gain some opportunities.
Thirty-three years after the death of Dayan Khan, after the change of Geng Xu, Anda Khan was looted to the gate of Beijing again, and Daming's defense system was in chaos!
If Dayan Khan doesn't die early, he can pose a far greater threat than Anda Khan.
The comprehensive grassland regime will be the biggest threat to the Central Plains dynasty.
Even if Dayan Khan can't win all of the Central Plains, as long as it occupies a large agricultural area, it is possible to develop into a Liao country and maintain a long-term and stable regime.
However, at the age of 44, Dayan Khan died.
The relationship between Khan and the ministries, which was linked by the father-son relationship, collapsed and split again.
ZTE's business is a flash in the pan.
Answer Khan: Pragmatically stop the war. After the death of Dayan Khan, Mongolia split again.
His grandson, Ann Dahan, is the leader of Tumote Mongolia.
This force once brought great trouble to Daming.
1550 or so, Anda Khan attacked Daming.
Daming's defense system was in chaos, and Khan broke through the Great Wall.
At that time, Zhao Quan suggested: seize the opportunity to control the Great Wall Pass and capture Taiyuan and other places, so as to realize the rule of northern China.
An Dan Khan refused.
If Dayan Khan had unified the ministries, they might have tried again.
Today, however, only Tumote, Ankhan has not the strength to do it.
Anshan is not strong.
Fu Xuan came prepared, but Antan dared not attack. Aries resisted behind closed doors, so Antan had to make a detour.
He can take advantage of Daming's political corruption, incompetent generals and lax defense, but his strength can't really challenge Daming's rule.
1570, Qin Long peace talks, switch, get what you need, and maintain peace.
The battle between Ming and Meng has come to an end.
Antan's tragedy: Opportunities in Mongolia no longer belong to the Ming Dynasty, but declined.
However, this opportunity does not belong to Mongolia.
Daming is dying, but Mongolia has never completed its own integration.
When Khan invaded, he did his best, but there were only 60 thousand people.
Unless Daming kills himself (for example, 1644 was killed by Li Zicheng), the Mongols have no chance to challenge Daming.
One of Anda Khan's measures is to make it difficult for Mongolian Khan to integrate Mongolian ministries.
After Andan Khan entered Qinghai, he accepted the Yellow Sect.
In the short term, it is beneficial that Anshan Khan is recognized as the embodiment of Genghis Khan, the great Khan of Mongolia.
However, in the long run, it also means that the "golden family" is no longer the only political center!
Opportunities no longer belong to Mongols.
1620- 1644: In view of the decline of Daming, Mongolia was still in ruins, and then Jin (Qing) rose.
Later Jin first took advantage of the contradiction between Khan and Horqin to form an alliance with Horqin and other ministries.
Then, the late Jin Dynasty took the Lama of the Yellow Sect as an emissary, formed an alliance with various ministries of Monan Mongolia, and isolated Lidan Khan.
Finally, under the auspices of Huang taiji, the Manchu-Mongolian alliance was formed.
South Mongolia, unified again.
However, it was the late Jin who United them!
Since then, there are still some Mongols who claim to restore Genghis Khan's great achievements.
For example: Goldan.
Junggar people fought with the Qing dynasty for many years, but that was not the same as the Ming-Mongolian war.
Generally speaking, in the Ming Dynasty, Mongolia could not "strike back". It's not that Mongols are not good at fighting, nor that Daming has always been awesome.
The point is that the Mongols never completed the integration.
A system of the Yuan Dynasty, moving back to the grassland, was not acclimatized.
Although Valla, who was also the first leader, was in its heyday, it still could not change the situation of fragmented ministries.
Great Khan's drastic reforms were once "revived", but the methods of dividing the ministries by various schools can only achieve temporary results, and Great Khan will split again after his death.
By the Ming Dynasty, the Mongols had never completed their integration. Although they can create threats, they can't enter the Central Plains.