The immigrant slave owners in Texas and California launched armed rebellion, and the Mexican government sent troops to suppress it. The United States directly sent troops to intervene and supported Texas to declare independence the following year. 1845 In July, American President james polk, who is famous for his crazy expansion, officially announced that Texas would be incorporated into the territory of the United States. Almost at the same time, Polk ordered General Zachary Taylor to quietly enter the Nuss River on the border between Texas and Mexico, waiting for the opportunity to launch a war of aggression. On June 5438+065438+1October of that year, Polk asked Mexico to recognize the Rio Grande as the border between the two countries, and the United States "purchased" New Mexico and California with150,000-40 million dollars, which was categorically rejected by the Mexican government.
1846 in may 13, the us government declared war on Mexico, and the us-Mexico war officially broke out. Declaring war is just a trick to deceive the world, and the American military action has lasted for more than four months before that.
Black bear who broke into the corn field
In order to attack from north to south, divide Mexican territory and occupy its capital as soon as possible, in the first stage of the war, the US military decided to invade Mexico in three ways: one was under the command of Colonel stephen kearny, who was responsible for the expedition to New Mexico and California; The first route is under the command of Commander John Slote, who is responsible for blocking the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf Coast and ports from the sea; The other route, led by Commander-in-Chief Taylor, went straight to Mexico City, the capital of Mexico.
On May 18, Taylor led his troops across Rio Grande and occupied matamoros City. In June, Taylor's troops expanded from 5000 to 14500. 14 In July, its vanguard troops arrived in ChaMalgo, 0/000 miles north of Mexico City, and set up a base to attack Monterrey. In the meantime, the Mexican government tried to negotiate with the United States, but the negotiations failed, and Mexican President Pastol also stepped down.
Since mid-September, the US military has repeatedly launched attacks on the strategic location of Monterrey, but it has repeatedly failed under the tenacious resistance of Mexican soldiers and civilians. Arrogant Taylor had to change his storming strategy, and another American army led by Walters went hand in hand from the east and west sides of Monterrey and made a circuitous attack. After fierce fighting, on September 24, the US military finally broke through the city of Monterrey, and on September 25, the ink defenders surrendered.
In the western region, a group of American immigrants living in the Sacramento Valley occupied San Nomin on June 14 and declared the establishment of the "California Republic". On July 9, American troops occupied San Francisco and San Nomin without bloodshed. In less than a month, American troops occupied Santa Barbara and Los Angeles successively. On August 17, the US military announced that California officially became the territory of the United States.
During this period, the expeditionary force led by Carney arrived in Bentburg at the intersection of Arkansas River and Santa Fe Trail in June and July of 1846. /kloc-arrived in Las Vegas in August, 0/5, and announced that New Mexico became a part of the United States. At the end of September, Carney led the cavalry through Colorado into Southern California. 1847 65438+1October 13, in san fernando, Mexican armed remnants surrendered to the US military. So far, the United States has invaded a large area of Mexico. Someone hit the nail on the head and commented: "The US military is like a black bear that broke into a Mexican cornfield, but it doesn't want delicious corn, but takes the land as its only goal."
A bloody battle in Mexico City
From February 1847, the United States once again sent a large number of troops to the front line of the war, and the war entered the second stage. On March 9, US Commander Scott mobilized 6.5438+0.3 million troops and equipped with 50 cannons. With the support of naval forces, he carried out amphibious landing operations in Veracruz, the largest port on the east coast of Mexico. The 4,000 Mexican soldiers stationed in the port are demoralized, unwilling to fight and without naval support. The American troops landed successfully without any casualties. Subsequently, the US military began to besiege Veracruz crazily. Since March 22nd, 72 American warships and army artillery have brutally shelled Veracruz for several days. However, this time, the US military was stubbornly resisted by the Mexican defenders, and 82 American soldiers were killed or injured. Angry with embarrassment, Scott ordered Mexicans not to allow anyone alive to leave the city until they surrendered. Under the fierce artillery fire of the US military, Veracruz was bleeding like a river. Seven days later, American troops occupied the city.
After the capture of Veracruz, the American army cleared the biggest obstacle to attack Mexico City, so it accelerated its March. Mexican President Santa Anna hastily gathered13,000 people to fight the American army in Cerro Gordo. On April 18, the US military raided the left side of the Mexican army through the valley jungle and captured more than 3,000 people. Santa Anna had to order a retreat. On May 15, American troops advanced to Puebla, 80 miles from Mexico City. Because the upper class in the city betrayed the country and surrendered, the American army easily captured the third largest city in Mexico. On August 6th, American troops arrived at the gate of Mexico City, and Mexican soldiers and civilians who had no way to escape fought fiercely with the enemy on the outskirts of the suburbs. But in the end, due to being outnumbered, the Mexican army was losing ground. In order to seize the Mexican capital, Scott personally led 7000 people to launch a general attack. At this time, Mexico City had assembled10.5 million officers and men, and the US military could not succeed at the moment. In desperation, on September 12, Scott sent a sneak attack on the fortifications of Tepeck Mountain in chapple, which was as high as 200 feet, in an attempt to control Mexico City from the commanding heights. In the face of the flood of attacks by the US military, the students of the Mexican Military Academy stationed here fought bloody battles, and the US military was killed and injured everywhere. /kloc-On the evening of September, 2003, Mexican President Santa Anna led the government members to retreat hastily, and the whole city was in chaos. At dawn on September 14, the US military took the opportunity to invade the city. In order to show his prestige, Scott ordered American officers and men to wear brand-new uniforms to hold a grand ceremony to enter the city, but he was suddenly shot by the Mexican army, causing heavy casualties. After entering the city, the U.S. military and the Mexican army launched a fierce street fighting all day. It was not until September of 15 that they took full control of Mexico City after more than 860 casualties.
150,000 "bought" 2.3 million square kilometers.
After the fall of Mexico City, the heroic and unyielding Mexican people launched a large-scale guerrilla war with the occupiers. In desperation, the US military mobilized 20,000 people to fight guerrilla warfare and brutally suppressed the resistance of the Mexican people. The Mexican government could have seized the opportunity to organize a counterattack and turned defeat into victory. However, the Mexican rulers blindly compromised and even removed Santa Anna from the presidency, and established a new government with Oena as interim president. After taking office, Oena immediately called on the United States to hold peace talks. 1848 On February 2, the United States and Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The United States seized nearly half of Mexico's territory, totaling about 2.3 million square kilometers. This is most of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona and New Mexico, as well as parts of Colorado and Wyoming. The United States only paid Mexico $654.38+05 million as "compensation".
Through the US-Mexico War, the United States became a powerful country across the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, and has since become the master of the United States. Even Grant, a famous American who took part in the war personally, had to admit: "This war is one of the most unjust wars waged by powerful countries against weak countries."