In order to run this theme activity well, the class teachers of each class made preparations for data collection several days in advance. Our school held a special lecture on plague prevention and control, and all the teachers and students participated in this activity. In the lecture, the teacher explained in detail what plague is, its spread, treatment and prevention. It is emphasized that plague is preventable, controllable and treatable, and early detection, early reporting and timely treatment in epidemic areas are the key measures to prevent the spread of plague. Therefore, it is necessary to fully mobilize the masses, give full play to the strength of rural doctors and health organizations at all levels, establish an epidemic reporting network, identify epidemic reporters, and conscientiously implement the "three noes" and "three reports" systems. The "three noes" system: no contact, no peeling, no cooking and eating animals such as sick marmots; Don't sit and rest around the groundhog hole to prevent flea bites; Not to nurse or mourn at the home of plague patients or suspected plague patients. The "three reports" system: sick animals such as marmots should be reported; The discovery of plague patients or suspected plague patients should be reported immediately; Patients who die suddenly for unknown reasons should report immediately.
Our school also uses campus blackboard newspaper, publicity column, classroom bulletin board and other forms to show you the knowledge of plague prevention and control, and posts leaflets in the classroom, asking students to go home and publicize the knowledge of plague prevention and control to their parents.
Through this theme activity, the knowledge of plague prevention and control was popularized to students. Through the study of pictures of popular knowledge of plague, students deeply realized the harm of plague and mastered the measures of plague transmission, prevention and treatment. At the end of the activity, students are required to publicize the prevention of plague to their parents and distribute publicity materials.
Attachment: Plague prevention and control publicity materials
1. What is a plague?
Plague is an acute and severe infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis. It is listed as a Class A infectious disease in the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in China. It has the characteristics of acute onset, short course of disease, high mortality, strong infectivity and rapid spread. It is one of the international quarantine infectious diseases. People get sick only when they come into contact with wild animals that suffer from plague or die of plague, and they can also get sick through flea bites. Pneumonic plague patients can also be called the source of infection.
Second, how did the plague spread to people?
The transmission route of plague: first, from animals-fleas-people; Second, pneumonic plague is caused by the spread of air droplets between people; Third, by stripping the animals that died of plague, Yersinia pestis directly enters the wound for infection, causing bubonic plague, pneumonic plague and plague septicemia.
What kind of animal is a groundhog?
Marmot, commonly known as "Hala", is a herbivore, mainly living in grasslands. Marmots vary greatly with age and season, and their weight ranges from several kilograms to dozens of kilograms. Marmot is a hibernating animal, which often hibernates in its cave from June 10 to April the following year.
Four. The source and transmission route of human plague?
The infectious sources that cause the epidemic of human plague are: various animals suffering from plague or dying of plague, such as marmots; Fleas parasitic in animals, etc. ; Plague sufferer There are three ways for people to be infected with Yersinia pestis: first, contact with animals suffering from plague, such as peeling and cooking; The second kind is bitten by fleas with Yersinia pestis; The third is the spread of plague patients.
Five, how to find the plague epidemic? What is the "three no three reports" system?
Plague can be prevented, controlled and cured. Early detection of epidemic situation, early report and timely treatment of epidemic areas are the key measures to prevent the spread of plague. Therefore, it is necessary to fully mobilize the masses, give full play to the strength of rural doctors and health organizations at all levels, establish an epidemic reporting network, identify epidemic reporters, and conscientiously implement the "three noes" and "three reports" systems.
The "three noes" system: no contact, no peeling, no cooking and eating animals such as sick marmots; Don't sit and rest around the groundhog hole to prevent flea bites; Not to nurse or mourn at the home of plague patients or suspected plague patients. The "three reports" system: sick animals such as marmots should be reported; The discovery of plague patients or suspected plague patients should be reported immediately; Patients who die suddenly for unknown reasons should report immediately.
extreme
Plague is an infectious disease that exists in rodents and fleas and spreads to various animals and humans through fleas. Its initial reaction was inflammation of lymph glands near flea bites. This is bubonic plague, which mostly occurs in the groin and less in the armpit or neck. The infected lymph glands are inflamed, swollen, tender and may have pus, and usually have a fever. Plague is an acute and severe infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis. It is listed as a Class A infectious disease in the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in China. It has the characteristics of acute onset, short course of disease, high mortality, strong infectivity and rapid spread, and is one of the international quarantine infectious diseases. Transmission route of plague:
1. Rat flea bite: It is spread by rat flea, and rodent → flea → human transmission is the main mode of transmission of bubonic plague.
2. Respiratory infection: spread through respiratory droplets, spread through breathing, talking, coughing, etc. And spread in the form of "person → person" through droplets, which can cause human plague epidemic.
3. Skin infection: spread through skin, infected through skin wounds by peeling the skin and flesh of diseased mice or directly contacting the patient's purulent blood or sputum.
4. Digestive tract infection: People are infected by eating contaminated meat that is not fully cooked.
Clinical manifestations of plague
1. incubation period
The glandular type is 2 ~ 8 days; Lung type lasts for several hours to 2 ~ 3 days; Those who have been vaccinated can be extended to 9 ~ 12 days.
2. Symptoms and signs
(1) Mild irregular low fever, mild systemic symptoms, swelling and pain of local lymph nodes, occasional suppuration and no bleeding, which are more common in the early and late epidemic period or when vaccinated.
(2) Glandular type is the most common type, which often occurs in the early stage of epidemic. Sudden chills, high fever, headache, fatigue, general pain, occasional nausea, vomiting, irritability, skin ecchymosis and bleeding. Flea bites the lymph node swelling and pain in the drainage area, which can be seen at the onset and develops rapidly, reaching the peak on the 2 nd to 4 th day. Inguinal lymph nodes are the most common, followed by axillary, neck and submandibular. Due to the serious inflammation of lymph nodes and surrounding tissues, he was forced to take a posture. If not treated in time, swollen lymph nodes will quickly fester and rupture, and die of severe toxemia, secondary pneumonia or septicemia within 3 ~ 5 days. If the treatment is timely or the condition is mild, the goiter will gradually dissipate or the wound will heal and recover.
(3) Lung type can be primary or secondary to glandular type, which is more common in epidemic peak. Pneumonic plague develops rapidly, with sudden high fever and obvious symptoms of systemic poisoning. A few hours after the onset, chest pain, cough and expectoration occurred, and the sputum quickly changed from a small amount to a large amount of bright red blood sputum. Dyspnea and cyanosis increase rapidly. Wet rales can be heard in the lungs, and breathing sounds are weakened. Signs and symptoms are often disproportionate. Those who were not rescued in time died of heart failure and shock within 2 ~ 3 days. Before dying, cyanosis is high, and the skin is often dark purple, so it is called the Black Death.
(4) Sepsis can be primary or secondary. The primary disease develops very fast, and systemic toxemia, central nervous system symptoms and bleeding symptoms are serious. Quickly enter unconsciousness, delirium or coma, and often die within 24 hours to 3 days after rescue.
(5) Other rare types ① painful erythema appears at the bite of cutaneous plague fleas, which quickly forms a mixture of herpes and pustules, which can form furuncle and carbuncle. Its surface is covered with black scab skin, with dark red around it, and the bottom is a hard ulcer, which is quite like skin anthrax. Occasionally, there is herpes all over the body, like smallpox or chickenpox. ② Oculomycosis invades the eyes, causing conjunctival congestion, swelling and even suppurative conjunctivitis. ③ Pharyngeal bacteria invade from oral cavity, causing acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis, which may be accompanied by cervical lymph node enlargement, which may be asymptomatic recessive infection, but Yersinia pestis can be isolated from pharyngeal secretion culture, and most of them have been vaccinated. ④ In addition to systemic symptoms, enteritis type includes vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and acute diarrhea, and bacteria can be detected in mucus stool and feces. ⑤ Meningitis can be primary or secondary, with obvious symptoms of meningeal irritation and purulent cerebrospinal fluid. Yersinia pestis can be detected by smear and culture.
Prevention and cure of plague
1. Strictly control the source of infection.
(1) If the patient management finds a suspected or confirmed patient, it shall immediately report the epidemic situation through emergency telephone and network, and at the same time, strictly isolate the patient, and forbid visiting and communicating with the patient. The patient's excrement should be thoroughly disinfected, and the patient should be cremated or buried deeply when he dies. Patients with pneumonic plague should be strictly isolated to prevent airborne transmission. All kinds of plague patients should be isolated separately, and patients with pneumonic plague should be in separate rooms. You can't be in the same room with other plague patients. The bubonic plague was isolated for 7 days after lymphadenopathy completely subsided, and the pneumonic plague was isolated until sputum culture was negative for 6 times. Plague contacts should be quarantined for 9 days, and the quarantine period for those who have been vaccinated should be extended to 12 days.
(2) eliminate the source of animal infection, monitor the plague epidemic among rats in natural foci, control the plague among rats, and extensively carry out the patriotic health campaign for rodent control.
2. Cut off the route of transmission
(1) In order to eliminate fleas, people should spray safe and effective pesticides on their bodies and clothes. Fleas must be completely eliminated, and cats, dogs and livestock should also be sprayed with drugs.
(2) Strengthen the traffic quarantine of Guojing.
Foreign ships, vehicles, planes, etc. At the place of origin, rats and fleas shall be exterminated through strict frontier health quarantine, and passengers shall be quarantined.
3. Protect vulnerable groups
(1) Contacts should avoid contact with fleas during the epidemic. People who come into contact with bubonic plague patients should be wiped out with appropriate pesticides. All contacts should be evaluated whether they need to take antibiotics for prevention. After contact with patients suspected or diagnosed with pneumonic plague, tetracycline or chloramphenicol should be taken four times, one week after the last contact. You can also take sulfadiazine orally; In addition, ciprofloxacin is also sensitive to Yersinia pestis.
(2) When rats are prevalent, the residents in and around the epidemic area and the staff entering the epidemic area should be vaccinated. It is often used as a working vaccine for EV virus-free strains, and skin scratch inoculation, that is, 2 drops of bacterial liquid, with an interval of 3 ~ 3~ 100px. Immunization can be obtained after 2 weeks. At present, vaccines can not provide long-term immune protection against bubonic plague and pneumonic plague, so they are usually vaccinated once a year, and then again after 6 months if necessary. The newly developed vaccine 06 173 in China produces antibody F 1, which is higher than EV plant height 1 times.
(3) Personal protection of medical personnel Medical personnel who enter the epidemic area must be vaccinated and can enter the epidemic area after two weeks. When working, you must wear protective clothing, masks, hats, gloves, glasses, rubber shoes and isolation gown.
Tisso
1, vigorously carry out the eradication of otter fleas and prevent plague.
2. It is human's responsibility to prevent and control plague.
3. It is strictly prohibited to illegally hunt, sell and sell marmots.
4, to prevent plague, do not hunt, do not strip food, do not carry infected animals.
5, everyone is involved, prevention first, scientific prevention and control of plague.
6, supervision and management according to law, strengthen the prevention and control of plague.
It is everyone's responsibility to prevent the plague.
8. Prevent the plague and benefit mankind.
9. Take action to prevent the plague.
10, please don't kill marmots for your health and that of others.
1 1. Plague is a Class A infectious disease, and the state carries out health quarantine according to law.
12. In order to prevent human plague, hunting and selling marmots are prohibited.