The Dutch-Indian War means that from1September 1945 to1February 1949, in order to maintain its colonial rule in Asia, the Kingdom of the Netherlands waged three large-scale wars with its largest colony, Indonesia. The final result of the war was that the Netherlands lost its suzerainty over Indonesia, and Indonesians won national liberation and independence.

The first war took place in1September 1945 to1946+065438+1October, which was a war in which Indonesia resisted the armed intervention of the "Southeast Asian Allied Forces" composed of British and Dutch soldiers.

1on March 8, 942, Japan won the battle of Java, and Dutch officials in Java surrendered to the Japanese army. After that, Indonesia entered the three and a half years of Japanese occupation.

Because of the Japanese occupation, Indonesia's revolution has become possible, but if Japan establishes the "Greater East Asia Glory Circle", there is little hope for Indonesia's real independence.

However, the Japanese can't realize their "Greater East Asia * * * Glory Circle". With the inevitable defeat, the Japanese army decided to relax the restrictions on the Indonesian people's strength, and in March 1945, it announced the formation of an investigation meeting on Indonesia's independent preparation to prevent the allied forces from conquering again.

After the United States dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, the Japanese troops stationed in India received secret instructions from Japan, asking them to hand over their weapons and equipment to the local national independence movement in Indonesia, and instigated the Indonesians to carry out revolution, so that they could create chaos for the allies. The next day, the Japanese troops stationed in India sent the news of the establishment of the Indonesian Independent Preparatory Committee to Indonesia.

The Japanese government announced its unconditional surrender, and Indonesia "has a political gap: the Japanese still hold control, but they have surrendered, and no allies are present to replace them." Therefore, Su Jianuo and Hada, leaders of the Independent Preparatory Committee, drafted the Declaration of Independence, declared Indonesia's independence in front of the crowd outside their houses, raised red and white flags and sang "Song of Greater Indonesia".

The "Independent Preparatory Committee" held a meeting, established the Republic of Indonesia, and elected Su Jianuo and Hada as President and Vice President. Indonesia's August Revolution won. Britain sent troops to Indonesia in the name of disarming Japan. The Netherlands also sent troops from Europe to Jakarta in the name of the Allies.

Facing the invasion of British and Dutch troops, Indonesian army loyal opposition. About 6,000 British and Indian troops came to Surabaya, and about 20,000 Indonesian regular troops and1.20,000 irregulars from the newly established People's Security Force took part in the fighting. Although Su Jianuo arranged a ceasefire at the request of the British army, the British army sent reinforcements because the British commander Malabe was killed.

Under the cover of sea and air bombing, the British army began to carry out bloody punitive sweeps in the city, and the people of Surabaya bravely resisted. * * * The pacifists lost a lot of manpower and weapons, but the resistance full of sacrifice created a symbol and a slogan of unity for the revolution, which also made the British realize that it was the wisest to remain neutral in the revolution.

1945165438+10/4, the upper class in Indonesia has changed. In many places on the outer islands, the princes once received the support and generosity of the Dutch and showed indifference to the cause of independence. Sultan Sharir replaced Su Jianuo as Prime Minister, and the Cabinet of Parliament replaced the Cabinet of the President. Sharir said after taking office that the basic requirement of the new government is that the Netherlands recognize the Indonesian Republic. Through the battle of Surabaya, the Netherlands also turned to face the reality.

1946 February 10, the Dutch government proposed to negotiate with the plenipotentiary of Indonesia to establish the Indonesian Federation. On June 5438+0946, 10, under the auspices of the neutral British envoy Lord Kieran, the Dutch-Indian negotiations were held in Yeti near Jingliwen, and the two sides reached the Yeti agreement. The Netherlands recognizes Indonesia's "de facto power" over Java, Madura and Sumatra.

Indonesia, on the other hand, recognized that Borneo, sunda islands, Sulawesi and Maluku Islands were still under Dutch control, and agreed to establish a "Dutch-Indian Federation" headed by beatrix wilhelmina armgard, which was considered by Sharir's cabinet to be limited in strength and its vested interests were met.

The two parties formally signed the contract in Batavia on March 25th, 1947. At this point, the first Dutch-Indian War came to an end, and the Netherlands maintained its rule over parts of Indonesia.