Tong's Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty was compiled during the reign of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, and 86 quatrains of Li Bai were included. In the Collection of Tang Poems edited by Gao Yun in Ming Dynasty, 23 poems of Li Bai's five-character quatrains were selected, and Li Bai was listed as an authentic poet of five-character quatrains. Three Tang poems selected from Li Bai's Five Wonders. Li Bai's five wonders are exquisite artistic wonders, which have always been loved by people, many of which are well known to women and children. The author also likes Li Bai's "Five Wonders" very much, and I take this article as the topic to exchange ideas and experiences with you.
First, the investigation of Li Bai's five-element metrical norms.
Among Li Bai's 86 poems, there are 30 poems whose metrical patterns do not conform to the accepted norms of later generations, and four of Li Bai's quatrains included in the Collection of Tang Poems are unqualified. For the sake of distinction, the quatrains of irregular meter are usually called archaic quatrains, and those of regular meter are called quatrains.
Of Li Bai's thirty ancient poems, ten are rhyming. Ye Yun is the second of Wang Zhaojun's two poems, Yue Yun is in Jade Jiefen, Ma Yun is the second in Four Poems of Xiangyang, the third is Cuilv Yun, and the adjacent rhyme is Guess Travel Notes (because Desire belongs to Wo Yun and Trace belongs to Mo Yun). The fifth song of Seventeen Songs of Qiupu is Yue Yun, and the first song is Yue Yun.
Among the other 20 quatrains in ancient times, six quatrains just lost their cohesion, that is, the second sentence and the third sentence lost their cohesion.
The first song of "Four Songs of Xiangyang": "In Xiangyang, the cymbals are singing and dancing; Jiangcheng is green and the moonlight is charming. " The second sentence is ┃┃┃┃┃, and the third sentence is ┃┃┃┃┃, losing adhesion.
"Koguryo": "Golden flowers fold hoods, and white horses return late; Wide-sleeved dance, like a bird from Haidong. " The second sentence is ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃, and the third sentence is ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃, losing adhesion.
"Sharifutsu": "The golden rope is a treasure, and the precious wood is shaded in the Yaochi; The clouds are beautiful and the sky is blowing. " The second sentence is ┃┃┃┃┃, and the third sentence is ┃┃┃┃┃, losing adhesion.
"Cui Xianghuan Looking for Yang": "Handan 400,000, fell into Changping that day; It is still a life to be able to write back. " The second sentence is ┃┃┃┃┃, and the third sentence is ┃┃┃┃┃, losing adhesion.
"Ba Nv Ci": "Ba Shui is as urgent as an arrow, and when the boat goes, it flies; Three thousand Li in October, when will Lang Xing return? " The second sentence is ┃┃┃, and the third sentence is ┃┃┃, losing adhesion.
"Self-scheduling": "I am not empty of wine, and I am full of clothes; When you are drunk, the birds are still thin. " The second sentence is ┃┃┃, and the third sentence is ┃┃┃┃, which is not sticky.
"Ba Nv Ci": "Ba Shui is as urgent as an arrow, and when the boat goes, it flies; Three thousand Li in October, when will Lang Xing return? " The second sentence is ┃┃┃, and the third sentence is ┃┃┃, losing adhesion.
"Self-scheduling": "I am not empty of wine, and I am full of clothes; When you are drunk, the birds are still thin. " The second sentence is ┃┃┃, and the third sentence is ┃┃┃┃, which is not sticky.
Fourteen other poems contain illegal sentences.
"Luoyang Ink": "Who is the white jade, it belongs to Tianjin; Look at the oriental flowers and disturb Luoyang people. " Both the first sentence and the second sentence are illegal.
"Silent Night Thinking": "Looking at the moonlight before going to bed, will there already be frost? ; Looking up at the mountain (tomorrow) and sinking again, I suddenly thought of home. " The two couplets are not sticky, and the first sentence and the second sentence are illegal.
The ninth song of "Seventeen Songs of Qiupu": "Jiang Zu is a stone, and the sky sweeps the screen; Poetry will last forever, and green flowers will live. " The first sentence is illegal.
The thirteenth song of "Seventeen Songs of Qiupu": "The green water is clear and the moon is clear, and the egrets fly in the moon; Lang listens to the woman who picks the ling and sings at night. " The first and third sentences are even numbers.
"Giving egrets to Song Shaofu Three Gorges": "Egrets punch and kick, and the moon is cold; People are scared to fly far away and go straight to the beach. " The first sentence is lonely and dull.
"Looking at the Mugua Mountain": "Get up early to watch the sunrise and watch the birds return at dusk; The guest is sad, and the situation is against Muguashan. " The first three sentences are all lonely.
The first song of "Five Songs on the Road to Death": "On the Tianshan Mountain in Su Wu, next to Tian Heng Island; Wanli is closed, when is the year of returning home? " The third sentence is lonely and plain.
"resentment": "how beautiful she is, opening the pearl window and sitting with deep eyebrows; You can see the bright tears on her cheeks now, but not the man she loves so painfully. " The first and third sentences are even numbers.
"Give it to me": "Get drunk every day for 360 days; Although she is Li Bai's wife, she is different from her wife. " The first sentence is irregular.
Zou Yan Valley: "There is no heating in the rock valley, and the poor rock is closed; Zou Zi can return to the center of the earth when he plays the law. " The first and third sentences are even numbers.
The third song of "Three Chapters of Fanque Mountain Lake, the Patriarch of Jinan": "The water goes to the North Lake, and the boat comes from the South Lake; Looking at the mountains from a distance seems to be a gift. " The first sentence and the third sentence are flat, and the third sentence is all flat.
"Meet": "Meet in the world of mortals and raise the golden whip; Ten thousand families are hanging in Liyang, on the other side of your home. " The first sentence and the second sentence are not regular sentences, and the sound is poor.
The sixth song of "Seventeen Songs of Qiupu": "Worrying about Qiupu, watching Qiupu flowers; Mountains and rivers are like counties and winds are like Changsha. " The first sentence is lonely and dull.
The first poem in "Three Drunk Poems after Accompanying Assistant Minister Shu Dongting": "The boat is full of happiness, and the lake is boating home; Bai Ou can't be idle, fighting for wine. " The second sentence is an embarrassing sentence.
Thirteen of the fifty-five verses are considered to be legal through remedy. Generally speaking, there are three ways of relief: self-help, opposing relief and isolated relief.
The first is self-help. The so-called self-help is to use this sentence to remedy.
The fourth song of "Seventeen Songs of Qiupu": "The two temples entered Qiupu, whispering once, and it has declined; The voice of the ape urges white hair, both long and short. " The words "into" and "autumn" in the first sentence are hard to recover.
"Ling Du's quatrains": "Go to Ling Du in the south and see the Five Tombs in the north; Autumn waters set in the sunset, and the streamer extinguished the distant mountains. " The words "Du" and "Ling" in the first sentence are hard to survive, and the words "Ming" and "Luo" in the third sentence are hard to survive.
"drunken king hanyang hall": "I am like a partridge, moving south and flying north; I'm looking for Hanyang Order, and I'm drunk on the moon. " The "Han" and "Yang" in the third sentence are hard to save.
"Laolao Pavilion": "When the world mourns, work hard to see the guests off; Spring breeze knows not to suffer, not to send Yangliuqing. " "Yang" and "Liu" in the fourth sentence are hard to save.
The second is the remedy of sentences. The so-called dual rescue means that when there is a contradiction in a sentence, the opposite level is used in the corresponding position of the sentence to remedy it.
The fourth song of "Four Songs of Xiangyang": "And drunk Jia Qianchi, don't look at the tears monument; The mountain owner wants to get on the horse and laugh and kill Xiangyang. " The third word in the third sentence and the third word in the fourth sentence help each other.
The third song of "Seventeen Songs of Qiupu": "Autumn brocade ostrich is rare in the world; Pheasants are ashamed of green water and dare not bring sweaters. " The third word of the first sentence and the third word of the second sentence help each other
The first song in "Three Chapters of Fan Queshan Lake, the Patriarch of Jinan": "It is better to know the lake far than to say that Queshan is near at first; This trip is a special visit to Dai, and I can go far away. " The third word of the first sentence and the third word of the second sentence help each other
The second song: "the lake travels thousands of miles, the lake is bright and blue, and there is a moon in the west of the lake." I will send it back to Mars alone. " The third word of the first sentence and the third word of the second sentence help each other
The first poem in "Three Poems of Accompanying Assistant Minister Shu Dongting Drunk": "Today's bamboo banquet is my virtuous assistant minister; Three cups are small, drunk and crazy. " The third word of the first sentence and the third word of the second sentence help each other
The third is to save each other. The so-called joint rescue means that there are contradictions in the sentences in the upper couplet, so the words in the corresponding position in the lower couplet are used instead.
The seventh song of "Seventeen Songs of Qiupu": "Drunk on a stallion, cold songs instead of cows; The blank stone is rotten and the tears are full of mink hair. " The word "Ning" in the second sentence and the word "White" in the third sentence help each other.
The eighth song of "Seventeen Songs of Qiupu": "Qiupu Qianzhong Ridge, Shuiche Ridge [Mountain Take]] is strange; The sky is falling and the water is parasitic. " The word "[Qu Shan]" in the second sentence and the word "desire" in the third sentence help each other.
The second song of "Five Songs on the Road to Death": "Tingbo went to peace, and Li Ling did not return; The sad face turns to the sea color, and the short coat becomes a Hu suit. " The word "drop" in the second sentence and the word "change" in the third sentence are mutually beneficial.
The third song: "Talking and laughing with the three armies, but making friends is seven expensive;" I left an arrow, but I didn't shoot Shu Lian. "The word" seven "in the second sentence and the word" one "in the third sentence help each other.
The reason why poetry needs rhythm is just to make poetry sing harmoniously and smoothly without buckling. The metrical theory of poetry is analyzed and summarized by later generations from the good poems of the predecessors, which in turn guides the creation of later generations. Through the above investigation, we can think that in poetry creation, meter is just a form, so there is no need to stick to it, but we must follow the basic principle that poetry can be read or sung harmoniously. With the metrical theory, it is very necessary for modern people to follow the metrical norms when creating metrical poems, which is one of the basic norms of poetry creation. Sometimes in order not to hinder the expression of form to content, as long as it does not affect the harmony of rhythm too much, it should be allowed to change the beat appropriately. Li Bai, a great poet who is regarded as authentic five-character poems, although there are so many poems with five-character poems that are illegal, it was in Li Bai's time that the requirements for poetry creation were not as strict as those of later generations, and Li Bai did not indicate whether his poems were quatrains or metrical poems. Therefore, the existence of irregular poems in Li Bai's works cannot be the reason why modern people can create metrical poems without formal rules. Today's poetry writing, as long as it does not indicate the format, is free and can not be bound by the rules. Once the format is specified, it must conform to the traditionally recognized rules, which is the norm.
Second, there is wine and spirit in the poem.
Li Bai is a poet and likes drinking. After drinking, he is full of poetry and natural spirit. The following is a brief analysis of ten poems related to wine in these 86 quatrains, in order to understand the wine and spirit in Li Bai's five quatrains.
The third song of "Three Songs to Send Yin Shu": "After drinking the dragon lantern, it turns blue, and the moon turns cold; Drunk songs frighten egrets and get up at the beach in the middle of the night. " Dragon ring is a kind of bamboo. On a cold night, people drink under the bamboo forest. The lights are dim and there is a chill of their own. The moonlight was bright and the chill followed. The drunkards kept singing, and in the middle of the night, the songs started the egrets and flew to the beach. The light combines the coolness of moonlight with the fire in the hearts of drunken people. Bamboo is green, lights are blue, moonlight is like silver, egrets are white, and the beach under the moon is fading. The overall tone is cold and harmonious, and people sing egrets to fly. This is dynamic, and the dynamic of quiet night shows the spirit. This is a kind of romance that makes people enter the realm of immortals.
The first poem of "Three Drunken Poems in Dongting Accompanied Assistant Minister Uncle": "Today's bamboo banquet, my virtuous assistant minister; Three cups are small, drunk and crazy. " Here is the story of seven sages of bamboo forest. The banquet in Dongting is like the banquet of the seven sages of bamboo forest. Among the seven sages of bamboo forest, there are two Ruan: Ruan Ji and Ruan Xian. Because Ruan Xian is the nephew of Ruan Ji, the little Ruan here refers to Ruan Xian. The assistant uncle drank three glasses of wine and kept singing like Ruan Xian. This crazy song is not a confused song, but a song that clearly expresses feelings and ambitions. It can be seen that he is not really drunk, but will be drunk but not drunk, maybe he is not drunk at all and pretends to be drunk. It can be seen that Li Bai is praising the seven sages of bamboo forest, and Li Bai refers to the seven sages of bamboo forest.
The second song: "the boat is happy, and the boat returns to the lake; Bai Ou can't be idle, fighting for wine. " This is a beautiful painting. The vast Dongting Lake is sparkling, and a leaf lingers in the middle of the lake. People on the boat were drinking and singing crazily, and Bai Ou was flying under the blue sky. Bai Ou always doesn't want to fly far away, but from time to time he flies low with wine and delicacies. People and birds are happy, and Tianshui is the same. At this point, where is the sadness of this scene? In the poet's works, Bai Ou understood human nature, so they didn't want to leave the poet. They also want to attend parties and have fun with people.
The third song: "Good trip to Junshan, Wahu South Water; Baling wine drink is not enough, together drunk in the autumn of Dongting lake. "In the poet's image, with the help of alcohol, the poet gently erased Junshan, making Dongting Lake more vast and Hunan water more vast. In the poet's view, the water in Dongting Lake is Baling wine, so the autumn in Dongting Lake will be drunk autumn, just like a trip to Dongting Lake with charm and spirit. Does this Junshan, which will be erased by Li Bai, refer to Junshan in nature? I'm afraid Li Bai has secrets in his heart, secretly hoping to gently erase those forces that hinder their future.
"Tongguanshan drunken quatrain": "I love Tongguanle, and I don't intend to pay it back in a thousand years; If you want to return to the dance sleeve, destroy the five Songshan mountains. " Tongguan Mountain, located in Tongling, Anhui Province, produces copper. Understanding "Tongguan Music" from the perspective of "not returning for thousands of years" should refer to the happiness enjoyed by poets in Tongguan Mountain. Wusong Mountain is also in Tongling. After drunkenness, the poet danced excitedly, and the poet was good at dancing with long sleeves, which could wipe out the Songshan Mountain in Wuyue Mountain, showing the great heroism of the poet. With wine and coke, the poet doesn't want to go back to Chang 'an, which is naturally the mentality of an arrogant person who doesn't want to bow down to serve the powerful, and also the mentality of a frustrated person who is talented but has nowhere to play.
"Jiutian Longshan Drink": "Jiutian Longshan Drink, Huanghua Laughs at the Minister; Drunk to see the wind falling off the hat, dancing to love the bright moon to keep people. " This Longshan should refer to the Longshan in Hubei. In the season when chrysanthemums are in full bloom, exiled poets drink in Longshan. Drunk, the hat was blown away by the wind, and the poet was still dancing until the moonlight spread all over the earth. Here, is the poet's hat really blown off by the wind, or does the poet think of Meng Jia, the general of Huan Wen in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, attending the Double Ninth Festival banquet and feel something? In either case, it shows the poet's unruly mentality.
"Drunk East Building in Luzhong": "Yesterday, when the East Building was drunk, it should be reversed [separated]; Who helped the horse and saved the time to go downstairs? " I was drunk and wearing a headscarf. I don't know who helped me downstairs or who helped me get on the horse. This is really a state of drunkenness. This kind of drunkenness only exists in General Shan Jian. Therefore, once the poet is drunk, he will think of the Duke of Shan Jian.
"drunken king hanyang hall": "I am like a partridge, moving south and flying north; I'm looking for Hanyang Order, and I'm drunk on the moon. " Partridges are very emotional animals. They are always nostalgic and worried about their brothers who have left. The poet compares himself to a partridge bird, which shows that the poet cares about people and things in Chang 'an, and of course he cares about his family. But poets like to drink, so naturally they don't want to go north to Chang 'an. The poet was so drunk that he couldn't even find the Hanyang Order accompanying him, so he had to walk back drunk in the moonlight.
"Self-scheduling": "I am not empty of wine, and I am full of clothes; When you are drunk, the birds are still thin. " Drink in the flowers, drink with the flowers, and lie under the flowers without getting drunk. He's still drunk. Later, I woke up gradually, got up slowly and walked in the moonlight by the stream. Birds return to their nests, and people are becoming scarce. He still walks slowly. Is Li Bai comfortable or at a loss at this time? It seems that there are both.
Third, love is expressed in the moonlight, and beauty is in the haze.
As the saying goes: flowers bloom inside the wall and red outside the wall. Why can't people inside the wall feel the red flowers, but people outside the wall can feel them? This is because people in the wall are too familiar with this flower, and its shortcomings weaken the feeling of red flowers. Others say: it is more important to look at beautiful women under the moon and score them. Why is this happening? It is hazy to look at people under the moon. When people look at things with hazy eyes, they always hide many weaknesses and highlight more advantages. Therefore, beauty often exists in Alan Yu. Li Bai is an artist who is very good at capturing and depicting beauty. Therefore, in Li Bai's Five Wonders, there are many poems describing the hazy beauty of the moon. Please look at the following example.
"Yu Jie complains": "Yu Jie sat for a thousand years, and the bottom of the silk was wet, and she lingered there for so long; Behind her closed window, why is she still waiting, looking at the glory of the autumn moon through the crystal glass? "Who stood on the jade steps for so long until the dew soaked the socks? It seems that she should be a young woman and a beautiful woman. Why is he standing on the jade steps? I can guess it is expecting the return of the nobles. I haven't seen anyone come back for a long time, so I have to retreat into the room. Disappointed, she decided not to watch any more, so she put down the curtains. However, my mind is boundless and the curtains can't stop me, so I look at the bright moon through the crystal curtains and my thoughts fly to the end of the world. In the twilight, the beauty first stood there looking at the distance, and then looked at the moon through the curtains. There is a beautiful woman moving in the middle. The wonderful movement of the bead curtain under Yu's hand is really a painting and a song. Love is under the moon and beauty is in the twilight.
"Silent Night Thinking": "Looking at the moonlight before going to bed, will there already be frost? ; Looking up at the mountain (tomorrow) and sinking again, I suddenly thought of home. " The so-called "bed" in the past is not necessarily the bed now. A kind of seat is often called a bed. The bed here should refer to the bed. If people are still sitting in their seats, then there will be no feeling of frost leaving the moon. Late at night, people wake up, toss and turn, and see the white light in front of their beds. Is it moonlight? Is it frost? When I was puzzled, I looked up at the window. It turns out that the moon outside the window is round and bright. Why didn't I remind the poet of the people and things in my hometown? Under the moon, the feeling is true, hazy and beautiful.
"Lushui Qu": "The green water is bright in autumn and the moon is bright, and the south lake picks white apples; Lotus was so charming that it killed the boatman. " The autumn moon is as cool as water, the lake is as bright as the moon, and the boat is rippling in the moonlight. That was when people picked white peaches in Nanhu. The late-maturing lotus flower is delicate and charming in the moonlight, which brings out the best in each other with Cai Ping. Faced with such a beautiful lotus, boaters began to worry. Why? It turns out that the rower is a beautiful woman. She is competing with Lotus. She is sure that she is better than Lotus, but she is always uneasy if she is misunderstood by her beloved. It's love under the moon, hazy beauty.
The thirteenth song of "Seventeen Songs of Qiupu": "The green water is clear and the moon is clear, and the egrets fly in the moon; Lang listens to the woman who picks the ling and sings at night. " The water is green and clear, the moon is white and bright, the egrets are startled to fly, the pearl pickers come back with their lovers singing nocturnes, the green water and the moon are quiet, the egrets, the pearl pickers and their lovers move silently and full of vitality, the water is green and the moon is white, which is a visual feeling, and the echo of songs is an auditory feeling. This is painting, poetry, music, quiet, leisurely and lively, and this feeling and beauty pervades the whole space.
"Giving egrets to Song Shaofu Three Gorges": "Egrets punch and kick, and the moon is cold; People are scared to fly far away and go straight to the beach. " Under the bright moon and the cold autumn water, the egret had already kicked and rested, but it was disturbed. The egret flew to the princess beach. There is an angel beach in Wanxian County and an angel beach in Yichang, Hubei Province, both near the Three Gorges. Poets always explain the whereabouts of Song Shaofu through the departure of egrets. The bright moon, autumn waters, egrets and people are the basic elements of this magnificent picture. What a quiet night it is when the water is still and the moon is cold! On this quiet night, the egret suddenly began to fly. Obviously, it is triggered by people's actions, and the actions set each other off. The egret "flew far away" after being frightened, so was Song Shaofu forced to go to the Three Gorges for some reason? This gives people a lot of imagination.
"Night Road Pavilion": "Get off the boat and go to Guangling, and sign the road pavilion the next month; Mountain flowers are like embroidered gills, and Jiang Huo is like fireflies. " Deer Pavilion was built in Jin Dynasty and Jinling Stone Wharf. In the moonlight, the poet went to Yangzhou by boat and looked up at the pavilion on the boat. The deer pavilion in the moonlight is clearly discernible. The flowers beside the green pavilion bloom like a smiling girl. There are many boats on the river, and their lights are like fireflies. Moonlight, mountain flowers, pavilions, boating, lights, rivers and other scenes are vivid and real, among which the scenes are cheerful and profound, forming a hazy and beautiful picture.
"Qingxi smells the flute in the middle of the night": "Qiangdi Plum Blossom Introduction, Wuxi Changshuiqing; The cold mountain is full of autumn and moon, and my heart is broken. " Wei water and cliff hydrate into dragon water, "leading song": "leading water, singing throat choking", it can be seen that the love of dragon water is sad. There is a sentence in the second poem of Li Bai's Seventeen Poems on Qiupu that "Qingxi is not a long stream, but a broken stream", so it can be seen that "Qingxi is a long stream" here is a broken stream. The poet smelled the flute at midnight. Perhaps the flute played a plum blossom tune, or perhaps it was not a sad tune at all, but the poet thought of a sad life experience and situation, which led to sadness. The cold mountain here is in Qiupu. Guan Yusheng should be a heartbreaking lament, because "the spring breeze is just like Yumenguan". Moonlight, running water, flute and heartbroken people are the basic elements of this painting. Love in the moonlight and scenery in the moonlight are always hazy beauty.
Fourth, the plain narrative scene exists, and the realm is not carved.
Many of Li Bai's five poems are narrative poems. Li Bai's five-character narrative poems are unpretentious, but more sincere and have their own realm.
"Meet": "Meet in the world of mortals and raise the golden whip; Ten thousand families are hanging in Liyang, on the other side of your home. " Meet in the bustling city, bow high with a golden whip, among the weeping willows, where is your home? This should be an old friend's unexpected encounter, and the joy is on the paper. The words are simple and meaningful. There is a landscape, of course, it means "live somewhere tomorrow", so it has its own realm.
"Sacrificing Snow from My Brother Yucheng Slaughter": "Last night in Liangyuan, my brother Han didn't know; Looking at Yushu in front of the court, I am heartbroken. " The Liangyuan here should be in Kaifeng, Henan. Li Bai married Zong and lived in Liangyuan. It snowed heavily last night and Liangyuan was very cold. My brother may not know that he has a cold. Just when the cold was biting, I felt sorry for Yushu in front of the court. When I was heartbroken, I thought of my subordinate brother. At this time, the weather is cold, and Li Bai's mood is also cold. Because the imperial clan lost power and influence, Li Bai's situation was also very bleak. Words and sentences are straightforward, but the feelings are very real. It is human nature to "heartbroken and remember branches", and it is a realm to express human nature with poetry.
"Xie Wen Yang Erhu's Ode to the Past": "The same state is away from Qiupu, and the words of the tiger are heard; Come and ask, know that it is thank you. " This is a simple poem to remember first. At night, the voice of tiger talk came from the distance opposite Qiupu. The next morning, I asked who was carrying it. Oh, thank you. "Tiger Ci" was written by Chu Guangxi, who was as famous as Wang Wei in the Tang Dynasty, and Li Bai appreciated it very much. Good handwriting, good memorization, early in the morning ask who is reciting. Naturally revealed Li Bai's love and hate, as well as the emotions aroused by the content of the words.
"Farewell to Dongshan Temple Monk": "Send it elsewhere in Lindong, and the white apes crow at sunrise; Laugh goodbye to Lushan Mountain, why cross the Tiger Creek? " Tolin Temple is located in the north of Lushan Mountain and the south of Lindong Mountain in Jiangxi Province. In and out of Tuolin Temple, you have to cross Huxi Bridge. Monks in the temple generally don't cross Huxi Bridge, otherwise it will attract the roar of tigers on the mountain. When Tolingi sent the poet away, it was the time when the white ape crowed at sunrise. The poet left Tolin Temple and Lushan Mountain with a smile, and went far away, and will be farther and farther away from Lushan Mountain. It's a thousand miles to send you, so why cross the Huxi Bridge? There are monks, poets, white apes, sunrises, small bridges and flowing water in this picture, and of course, the scenery on Lushan Mountain and everything in Tolin Temple. This is the physical environment. The monk's deep feeling of seeing Fujian off makes people smell the sadness of the white ape crying. This is the case. "Laugh goodbye to Lushan Mountain, why cross Tiger Creek?" This is the essence, why stay in the form? It's artistic conception. So this poem has its own realm.
Answer a friend's job for yourself: "If you get the job, you will win all the games for nothing [divorce];" Mountain people don't look in the mirror, but children are suitable. " Someone gave him a job. He thought their work was much better than white headscarves, so he took them with him. He couldn't see himself wearing his black hat without looking in the mirror, but the children saw it and thought it was appropriate. Handwritten, very real, this is life, the life of a living person. It also means that you can't fully understand yourself, so others can see everything about yourself. This is the artistic conception.
The first song of "Accompanying Zu Jinan Taishou Fanque Lake": "At first, Que Mountain is near, Ningzhi Lake is far away; This trip is a special visit to Dai, and I can go far away. " Queshan Lake is in the south of Queshan Mountain in Licheng County, Shandong Province, and now it is in the north of Jinan City. I heard that Queshan Mountain is very close, but I didn't know that the lake is boundless. Anyway, I won't visit my friends this time, so let's go boating at will! A feeling of self-satisfaction and laissez-faire comes to the fore. At this time, Li Baizheng was given gold to return to the mountain, without fetters and constraints, so he had this carefree feeling.
The second song: "the lake travels thousands of miles, the lake is bright and blue, and there is a moon in the west of the lake." I will send it back to Mars alone. " The first poem says "the lake is in the distance", which roughly describes the vastness of the water surface. The first two sentences of this poem specifically describe the situation of the lake. "The lake runs thousands of miles" means that the lake is far away, while "the light of the lake shakes the blue mountain" evokes the scene that the lake surrounds Queshan: the red sun is shining, the breeze is blowing gently, and Queshan is swaying slightly in the water. The poet and his team rowed in the lake until the moon was bright at night and the moon escorted Mars back. Mars, a native of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was upright. He struggled with eunuchs and was persecuted and unyielding. Li Bai used Mars as a metaphor, which showed Li Bai's noble integrity of not being afraid of or attached to powerful people.
The third song: "The water goes to the North Lake, and the boat goes back from the South Lake; Looking at the mountains from a distance seems to be a gift. " Li Bai and his party took a boat from Beihu Lake to Nanhu Lake and rowed around Queshan Mountain. In the eyes of people on board, in the flowing mountains, the ship is not moving but the water is turning. This is the relativity of motion, and the state of different motions in the reference system is also different.
"Ling Du's quatrains": "Go to Ling Du in the south and see the Five Tombs in the north; Autumn waters set in the sunset, and the streamer extinguished the distant mountains. " Ling Du, located in the Ling Du Plain southeast of Xi today, is the tomb of Xuan Di Liu Xun in the late Western Han Dynasty. These five mausoleums are the locations of five mausoleums of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty outside Chang 'an, namely, the Changling Mausoleum of Gaozu, Anling Mausoleum of Hui Di, Yangling Mausoleum of Jingdi, Maoling Mausoleum of Emperor Wu and Ping Ling of Zhao Di. Li Can Deng Bai, look at five mausoleums in Ling Du? I can't. This leaves us a lot of room for imagination. When we climb high and see far, there is a perspective effect. From a distance, everything is hidden in the mist. The afterglow of the sunset is still clear on the autumn water. It was imagination and emptiness, but the distant mountains were annihilated by the streamer of the sunset. This is visible and real words. Five tombs were destroyed. What is the moral? Time and space can change everything. For Li Bai, there is no one left here. He has his own foothold. He can travel around the world and be home everywhere. This is a test of human space. Li Bai's poems are immortal, but the emperor's luxurious mausoleum is submerged by time, which is the test of time.
"Looking at the Mugua Mountain": "Get up early to watch the sunrise and watch the birds return at dusk; The guest is sad, and the situation is against Muguashan. " Mugua Mountain is in Qingyang, Anhui. Li Bai passed through this place when he exiled Yelang, and you can imagine the poet's mood at this time. Watching the sunrise in the morning and the returning birds at night is the physical environment; Li Bai is mentally sour, not to mention facing this papaya mountain all day, which is a situation; Muguashan is named after the production of papaya. Papaya has a fragrance. Mature fruits can be used as medicine or given to friends. Facing the papaya mountain will naturally remind people of all kinds of worldly wisdom, which will add a sense of sadness. Li Bai's psychology is contradictory. He has seen through the chaos in the real world and wants to live as freely as a fairy. However, when he is in a lonely situation, it is inevitable that there will be many sorrows and sorrows. This is the emotional world of a living person. No one's inner world is not contradictory, and no one's thoughts are not pluralistic. It is natural and inevitable that Li Bai will be sad about Muguashan in the future.
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Excerpts from Li Bai's seven-character quatrains
1, for Wang Lun-Li Bai.
Li Bai was just about to leave when he heard a farewell song from the shore.
Peach Blossom Pond is deeper in thousands of feet than in Wang Lun!
2. Meng Haoran's farewell to Yangzhou-Li Bai
Old friends frequently waved to me, bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower, and traveled to Yangzhou in this beautiful spring filled with catkins and flowers.
Sailing alone in the blue sky, I can see the Yangtze River flowing in the sky.
3. Early Baidicheng-Li Bai
Early in the morning, I bid farewell to Jiangling city, which is high into the sky, thousands of miles away, and the boat is only one day away.
The cries of apes on both sides of the strait are still unconsciously crowing in their ears, and the canoe has passed the heavy green hills.
4. Looking at Tianmen Mountain-Li Bai
The Yangtze River splits the Tianmen Peak like a giant axe, and the green river flows around the island.
The green hills on both sides are neck and neck, and a boat meets leisurely from the horizon.
5, Emei Mountain Moon Song-Li Bai
In the autumn of the first half of Mount Emei, the Pingqiang River reflected.
In the evening, Qingxi went to the Three Gorges, but the four gentlemen did not see Yuzhou.
6. Smelling the flute in Los Angeles on a spring night-Li Bai
Yu Di's dark flying sound scattered into the spring breeze in Los Angeles.
I heard "Folding Willow" in this nocturne, and no one can remember the national conditions!
7. Visit the bank-Li Bai
Lanling wine tulips, jade bowls filled with amber light.
But I got the host drunk and I don't know where it is!
8. Qingpingdiao-Li Bai
Beautiful people who see the bright clouds, think of their clothes and see flowers come to see them.
If Yushan didn't see her, it would be Yaochi meeting under the moon.
A red dew is fragrant, and the rain is heartbroken.
Excuse me, who looks like Han Palace? The poor swallow relies on new cosmetics.
Famous flowers fall in love and laugh like kings.
Explain that the spring breeze is infinitely hateful, and the agarwood pavilion leans against the threshold in the north.