Hehe, this issue is one of the most controversial topics in the history circle. It is related to whether Zhuge Liang and Jiang Wei's Northern Expedition were militaristic and wasted their national strength, or whether they took the initiative to make enemies and Xu Tu marched to recover the Central Plains. Personally, I think offensive defense is the defense that defeats the attacking enemy with positive offensive actions, which is also called active defense and decisive defense. In fact, this strategy of Zhuge Liang and Jiang Wei is very correct. I think the advantages of offensive defense are:

1, offensive defense is a defense-oriented tactic, and the center is defense. So I am the main soldier and the enemy is the guest soldier (Sun Tzu's Art of War says: the main soldier is half of the guest soldier, and there is still a chance of winning).

2. It is easy to gain an advantage in politics. Han Shu Group believes that Cao Wei is a Han thief who usurped the Han Dynasty. To fight Cao Wei is to fight treacherous court officials and restore the world in the Han Dynasty. This came true in Zhuge Liang's first northern expedition to the Central Plains. The best proof is that the soldiers and civilians of Tianshui and Anding jointly responded to Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition.

3. If the enemy fails to attack us, it will definitely adjust the strategic direction, resulting in a lot of waste of manpower and material resources and short-term chaos, and officers and men can't adapt to unexpected situations. As Sun Tzu said, if you don't know the place and date of the war, then the left can't save the right, the right can't save the left, the front can't save the back, and the back can't save the front. I think Zhuge Liang's contribution to the Northern Expedition was very great, which effectively shocked the Cao Wei Group. Sima Yi faced Zhuge Liang with repeated battles and defeats, and he was "afraid of Shu as a tiger". Seeing Zhuge Liang's military action is very effective.

4. When the situation of both sides is unknown, the defensive side is favorable. Defenders know where their weaknesses are and can make up for them with time; The attacker doesn't know where the defender's weakness is, but he doesn't dare to attack rashly, so he has to test the attack, wasting time in the test and giving the defender time to make up for the weakness. On the whole, it can be said that Zhuge Liang and Jiang Wei's several northern expeditions have achieved the expected strategic effect. The military strike against Cao Wei was fruitful. But I think Zhuge Liang is better than Jiang Wei. Cao Zhen, Sima Yi, Zhang Jaw and Xinmeile Co., Ltd. were all defeated by Zhuge Liang. Jiang Wei's record is not satisfactory. Personal opinion, for reference only. Nice to discuss the Three Kingdoms with you. Hmm. How interesting