During the period of 1943, the allied anti-fascist war turned into a strategic counterattack and attack, and the Japanese army was repeatedly defeated in the Pacific battlefield, threatening the maritime traffic lines of troops in Southeast Asia. In order to maintain the connection between the mainland and Nanyang, the Japanese base camp decided to open the mainland traffic line from northeast China to Viet Nam, and at the same time destroy the Sino-US air base along the line to protect the maritime traffic safety of the mainland and the East China Sea. Therefore, China sent troops with a total of about 5 100 troops, and launched the action of opening up the mainland traffic lines. The Military Commission of the National Government fought with about 1 10,000 troops.
Battle of central Henan
1 In April, 944, Okamura Ningji, commander of the Japanese North China Army, commanded 12 Army * * 5 divisions and 3 brigades, 1 Flying Regiment (with 168 aircraft),1Army and its directly affiliated units, * * 14. Commander-in-Chief of the First Theater of Chiang Kai-shek commanded eight army groups (1 Corps * * 17 Corps) with about 400,000 people. With the support of the Eighth Theater and the Air Force (156 aircraft), the 28th Army relied on the existing defensive positions on the south bank of the Yellow River to fight against the Japanese army. The fourth army formed a defensive zone in the mountainous area between Xishui County (now merged into Xingyang) and Mixian County (now Xinmi) in Henan Province, and adhered to the defense; 3 1 Army assembled in Yuxian (now Yuzhou), Xiangcheng and Linru (now Ruzhou) and stood by to annihilate the enemy. 18, the 37th division of the Japanese army belongs to the 7th brigade of the independent composite, and launched an attack on the 28th Army 15 Army's river defense position from the east bank of the New Yellow River in Zhongmou (now Jia Luhe). 19, Japanese army1/kloc-0, 62nd division attacked the position of Mangshantou, 85th Army, 28th Army, from the southern end of Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge. After breaking through the position, Zhengzhou, Xinzheng, Weishi, Surabaya and Mixian were successively captured on the 23rd. On 25th, the Japanese army 13 army attacked Fuyang with two brigades, namely Zhengyangguan and Fengtai in Anhui, and attacked Luohe in Henan, in order to contain the defenders in eastern Henan and retreat after opening the Pinghan Railway. On 30th, the Japanese 12 Army launched an attack on Xuchang with three divisions and two brigades. The new 29th Division of Guarding City will fight until May 1. The Japanese army 12 army went south along the Pinghan Railway, and the main force went west, looking for the decisive battle in the first theater. After 3 1 and 4 armies were attacked by the Japanese army, they were evacuated to Funiu Mountain and Hancheng on the 5th and 6th respectively. By the 9th, the westward Japanese army had arrived near Longmen. Then one advanced on Luoyang, and most of them attacked yi river and Luohe Valley. On the same day, the 27th Japanese Division from Xuchang South joined forces with the Gongxia Corps (equivalent to brigade) from Queshan and Xinyang North, and the southern section of Pinghan Railway was opened. On the evening of the same day, the Japanese 1 Army crossed the Yellow River from Yuanqu (now Gucheng Town) in Shanxi with 8 battalions, captured Hao Ying and Mianchi in Henan, and then entered from east to west along the Longhai Railway (Lanzhou-Lianyungang). On 14, the 36th Army and Liu Kan Corps were repelled by the Japanese troops marching westward, and Luoyang was surrounded. 18, Japanese Chrysanthemum Corps (the first regiment of the 63rd Division) attacked Luoyang, and the 94th Division of the garrison 15 Army fought tenaciously day and night to defeat the enemy's attack. North China Military Command 12 Army Commander Command 1 10 The 1st Division, the 3rd Tank Division, the 4th Cavalry Brigade and the Chrysanthemum Corps attacked Luoyang. The defenders fought alone until the 25th, and Luoyang fell. After the Japanese army 12 army marched westward, the 55th Army of the Fifth Theater and Henan Ting of the Tenth Theater marched into the southern section of Pinghan Railway, and once recovered Queshan and Luohe to contain the Japanese army. On June 2, the main force of the first theater and the first department of the eighth theater launched a counterattack. By the middle of the war, the Japanese army was rushed to Shaanxi, Luoning, Songxian and Lushan. The two sides confronted each other and the battle was over.
Battle of Heng Chang
1 In May, 944, Japanese CommanderNo. 1 1 Yokoyama Yong commanded eight divisions,1flying regiment and a navy, with more than 200,000 men, and attacked Changsha and Hengyang with the goal of seizing the Hunan-Guangxi Railway (Hengyang-Laibin). Xue Yue, commander of the Ninth Theater, commands four army groups (*** 15 Army) and two other army groups * * with about 400,000 people. With the support of the Air Force (18 1 aircraft) and neighboring war zones, a company relies on the existing positions in the southeast of Tongcheng, Hubei, the south bank of Xin Qiang, Yuanjiang, Yiyang and other places, and its main force is controlled in Liuyang, Changsha, Hengyang and Ningxiang, and its cameras are used to wipe out the enemy. On the 27th, the Japanese army launched an attack with five divisions from Huarong, Yueyang and Chongyang, Hunan, along the banks of Xiangjiang River and the mountainous areas along the Hunan-Jiangxi border, and assembled three divisions in Jianli and Puyin, Hubei for standby. In addition, 1 regiment 5 battalion headed for Songzi River south of Jiangling, containing them to cover our right wing. The 20th Army, defending the New Wall River, continued to fight with the 68th and 1 16 divisions of Japanese Middle Road, and then moved to Dongshan District, Pingjiang, Hunan Province for standby. The 72nd Army and the Forward Column, defending the southeast mountainous area of Chongyang, successively blocked the 3rd Division of the Japanese Left Wing and13rd Division, thus delaying the operation. The 73rd Army defending Yiyang fought against the 40th Division of the Japanese right wing. On June 1 day, the Japanese army left after crossing the Miluo River in the middle, broke through the river defense position, and attacked the Laodao River and Liuyang River in two ways. The 37 th Army of the garrison retreated while resisting and retreated to the mountainous area near Liuyang for standby. By 14, the Japanese army had successively captured Yuanjiang, Yiyang and Liuyang. 16, the Japanese 34th, 58th and 68th divisions attacked Changsha city. The 4th Army held out until the afternoon of 18, and all the casualties were exhausted, and Changsha fell. In order to prevent the enemy from going deep into Hengyang and defend Hengyang, the ninth war zone launched a counterattack against the Japanese army from the 20th, and by the 27th, it blocked the left and right roads of the Japanese army in Liling and Xiangxiang respectively. Although the Japanese middle road hit between Lukou and Hengshan, it failed to stop it from advancing southward. On 28th, the 68th and 1 16 divisions of the Japanese army attacked Hengyang. Defenders 10 Army (4 divisions) relied on fortifications for frontal and lateral fire cover and continued to carry out counter-attacks. Until July 2, the battle dealt a heavy blow to the enemy, forcing him to stop attacking. 1 1 On the same day, after the Japanese 68th and 1 16 divisions were supplemented, they attacked Hengyang for the second time with 15 infantry battalion and 12 artillery battalion. The defenders combined defensive positions with mobile defense, strengthened mutual support between positions, carried out short-term melee and counterattack, and fought until the 20th, forcing the enemy to stop attacking again. In the meantime, the 3rd Division of the Japanese Army, which was blocked in Dongshan, Hunan, suffered heavy losses in Liling, Chaling, Anren and other places. Later, with the support of the 27th Division, 34th Division and 1 3rd Division1Division, the encirclement was not broken until the end of the month. On August 4th, the Japanese army 1 1 concentrated four divisions to attack Hengyang for the third time. The defenders fought until the eighth day, and suffered heavy casualties. They were helpless and forced to lay down their weapons, and Hengyang fell. The battle is over.
Guiliu campaign
1 In August, 944, after the Japanese army invaded Hengyang, Hunan Province,1/6 divisions of the army and1brigade marched from Hengyang along the railway to the border of Hunan and Guangxi on the 29th in preparation for invading Guilin and Liuzhou, Guangxi. On September 6th, two divisions of the 23rd Army and 1 independent mixed brigade attacked Wuzhou, Guangxi from Qingyuan, Guangdong, and 1 independent mixed brigade attacked Rongxian, Guangxi from Suixi, Guangdong. 10, Okamura Ningji, commander of the 6th Army, was ordered to command the 23rd Army, the 2nd Flying Regiment (about 1 0/0) and the 2nd China to send a fleet of * * * * about160,000 people, and in the south/kloc. Zhang Fakui, commander of the Fourth Theater, commanded 9 armies, 2 columns of Guangxi and Guangzhou, and 1 air force (airplane 2 17), with about 200,000 people. With the support of the three armies of the Guizhou-Guangxi-Hunan Border Region General Command, we fought against the Japanese army with divisional defense. 14, the Japanese army 1 1 captured Quanzhou, then adjusted its deployment and prepared to attack Guilin. On 22nd, the 23rd Japanese Army was trapped in Wuzhou, and on June 65438+1October1day, Pingnan, Danzhu, Guiping and Wei Meng were successively captured. In view of the fact that the Japanese army in Quanzhou has not yet acted, the fourth war zone has been adjusted and deployed, and its troops have been compiled into three fronts: Guilin, Lipu and Xijiang, and two command posts in Nanning and Jingxi. Most of its troops stuck to Guilin, and concentrated one force to defeat the enemy of Xijiang first. On 265 and 438+0, the 64th Army, which belongs to the 65th and 438+0 columns of Guisui, fought back against the 23rd Brigade of the Japanese army that invaded Guiping and Xu Meng. In addition, 135 division and other departments attacked Pingnan and Danzhu, and coordinated the counterattack. By the 28th, the main force of the 23rd Japanese Army had approached Wu Xuan, and the national army stopped fighting back and retreated to Wu Xuan. At the same time, the Japanese 1 1 Army broke through the defensive positions of Guilin and Lipu Army, and the main force arrived in the suburbs of Guilin on165438+1October 4; One attacked Liuzhou. On the 7th, the fourth war zone organized the left, middle and right armies to concentrate on defending Guangxi and Liuzhou. On the 9th, the 40th, 58th, 37th and 34th divisions of the Japanese army launched a general attack on Guilin City. On the same day, the 23rd Army 104 Division, 13 Division and13 Division of the Japanese Army broke through the defensive position of the Central Corps and attacked Liuzhou. 1 1 On the same day, most of the 3 1 troops defending the urban area of Guilin died, and a few broke through, and Guilin fell; The 26th Army, which held fast to Liuzhou, suffered more than half casualties and was ordered to evacuate, and Liuzhou fell. Subsequently, the 3rd and13rd divisions of the Japanese army attacked northwest along the Guizhou-Guangxi Railway (Duyun-Liuzhou); The 23rd Army attacked southwest along the Liuzhou-Nanning highway and occupied Nanning on 24th. On 28th, the 2 1 Division of the Japanese Southern Army broke into China from Vietnam and attacked Suilu (now Fusui) in Guangxi. At this point, the mainland traffic line from northeast China to Hanoi was finally opened by the Japanese invaders. The national army retreated into Guizhou. The Japanese army pursued along the Guizhou-Guangxi highway with more than 3,000 troops, like entering no one's land. On February 2, 65438, the Japanese army attacked Dushan in Guizhou, approaching Sichuan and shaking Chongqing. After being counterattacked by the troops of the General Command of Guizhou-Guangxi-Hunan Border Region, they withdrew to Hechi, Guangxi. 10, the Japanese 2nd1division and 22nd division joined forces in Suiling. At this point, all mainland traffic lines have been opened. In the middle of the year, the two sides gradually formed confrontation and the fighting ended.
Comments: The war lasted for nearly 8 months, and the national army lost 500,000 to 600,000 troops, giving up most or part of Henan, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Guizhou and other provinces, and losing more than 200,000 square kilometers of land to the enemy. In this great rout, the lives and property losses of China people are incalculable. Henan lost 88 factories; The factories in Hunan, Guangxi and Guangdong provinces accounted for one-third of the factories in the rear area, and all of them fell; Hunan's famous important strategic materials such as tungsten and antimony were all captured by the Japanese army; Henan, Hunan and Guangxi are important agricultural areas and are also controlled by the Japanese army. Wherever the Japanese army went, it brutally burned, killed and looted. In Pingxiang alone, more than 1.9 million people were killed, more than 20,000 people were captured, more than 6,000 women were insulted, more than 700 houses were destroyed, agricultural tools worth more than 47 million yuan were destroyed, more than 50,000 tons of rice and 9,500 tons of cotton were robbed. During the war, hundreds of thousands of refugees were displaced, and hundreds of people died of disease, freezing and hunger every day. The crushing defeat of the battle of Henan, Hunan and Guangxi was the second crushing defeat of the national army on the frontal battlefield since the Anti-Japanese War. The Military Commission of the National Government made mistakes in strategic guidance and improper campaign command, and a large area of land in Hunan and Guangxi was occupied, and air bases and stations were destroyed. Most of the troops lost confidence in resistance and combat effectiveness and lost militarily. Although the Japanese army achieved its combat attempt, it could not guarantee the smooth traffic lines on the mainland and failed to stop the US plane from attacking Japan. Because of the scattered forces, it provided conditions for the national army to counterattack.