The earliest change of the Red Army of Workers and Peasants was in 1929. In March of that year, after the Red Army led by Mao Zedong and Zhu De entered Tingzhou City, Fujian Province, they prepared to use more than 20,000 yuan raised by local tyrants to make uniforms for the Red Army. Considering that the Red Army often marches and fights in mountainous areas, gray cloth clothes are not easy to expose their targets in mountainous areas, so the uniforms, hats and leggings of the Red Army are all made of gray cloth. The tunic suit is above, and the suit pants are below. There are two red cloth collars sewn on the military collar, which symbolizes that the red flag shines across the country; The octagonal hat is made of red cloth and five stars, which symbolizes the unity of industry, agriculture, soldiers, academics and businessmen to the revolution.
The Red Army organized all sewing workers in Tingzhou City and set up the first temporary clothing factory. This temporary garment factory later developed into China Soviet garment factory. It was the fifth anniversary of Lenin's death. In memory of this proletarian revolutionary mentor, a black cloth edge was set around the red collar. This is the first time that the Red Army has unified self-made clothes within the scope of an army.
193 1 From the end of the year to the beginning of 1932, at the beginning of the establishment of the Red Army Military Academy in the Central Soviet Area, President Liu Bocheng instructed Zhao Pinsan, then director of the school, to design clothes for the Red Army students. Zhao Pinsan repeatedly sketched and decided to use an octagonal hat to show that the Red Army was armed by workers and peasants who supported Lenin. It is believed that the big octagonal is not commensurate with the figure of China people, and the small octagonal military cap is finally determined. At first, the military uniform was modeled after the pullover design of the Soviet Red Army. After the trainees tried it on, they felt that the scarf was too tight and inconvenient, and it was not suitable for the climate in the south of China, so they changed it into a cardigan. President Liu was very satisfied when he saw the students wearing small octagonal military caps and new military uniforms, and immediately decided to make one for everyone in the school. At that time, after three victories against "encirclement and suppression", chinese soviet republic was proclaimed and the Red Army's logistics supply conditions were improved. The students quickly put on their new uniforms. Soon, the troops in the Central Soviet Area followed the example of the Red Army School and put on this style of military uniform. Since then, the Red Army has its own unique uniform. This kind of military uniform is an octagonal hat (the angle size of hats of different units is different, for example, the hat of the Red Fourth Army is a big octagonal), a gray Chinese tunic suit (some units are cyan or blue), a red collar badge, a red five-pointed star hat badge, leggings, and cloth shoes or sandals.
Military uniform of our army in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period.
1937 After the Lugouqiao Incident in July, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out in an all-round way. In August of the same year, the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army. 12 was renamed the National Revolutionary Army 18 in September. At the beginning of 1938, the Red Army guerrillas who insisted on guerrilla warfare for three years in the south were reorganized into the New Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army. At this point, all the Red Army was renamed the National Revolutionary Army. After the Red Army was incorporated into the ranks of the National Revolutionary Army, the establishment of troops, institutions, personnel, clothing and signs was basically the same as that of the Kuomintang army. The Kuomintang government symbolically distributed military uniforms, salaries, firearms and ammunition, and the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army changed to wear the military uniforms of the National Revolutionary Army, wearing "Blue Sky and White Day" caps and armbands. The eighth route army's military uniform is khaki tunic suit, the new fourth army is gray tunic suit, and the military cap is a straight dome with a cap. The left arm of the Eighth Route Army and the left arm of the New Fourth Army are both wearing "N4A" armbands.
Since the Southern Anhui Incident, our Party has kept an open mind and a United front relationship with the Kuomintang, proceeding from the overall situation of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. The New Fourth Army also continued to wear the cap badge of the National Revolutionary Army. However, because the Kuomintang no longer issued military uniforms, the New Fourth Army troops continued to grow and develop, and the New Fourth Army troops gradually stopped wearing hat badges. In addition, after the Southern Anhui Incident, the Kuomintang authorities also stopped all kinds of supplies to the Eighth Route Army. However, because the Eighth Route Army was still recognized by the Kuomintang authorities at that time, according to the needs of the United front, the Eighth Route Army troops still wore the hat badge of the National Revolutionary Army. As for the newly formed troops and soldiers joining the army, our army will no longer issue military caps and badges to the National Revolutionary Army. Therefore, among the cadres and soldiers of the Eighth Route Army at that time, it was not uniform to wear the hat badge of the National Revolutionary Army.
Military uniform of our army during the War of Liberation
After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, the East China Military Region and the East China Field Army, which were adapted from the New Fourth Army and the Eighth Route Army troops staying in Shandong, did not wear hats. The Northeast People's Autonomous Army (1renamed the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army in June 1946, the predecessor of the Fourth Field Army) composed of troops transferred from various liberated areas did not wear a cap badge. The rest of the troops have the hat badge of the National Revolutionary Army, so there is no objection to wearing it, and it is just as well not to wear it. The time when the National Revolutionary Army took off all its hats was determined as1946165438+10, that is, during the period when the Kuomintang held its national congress and all * * * delegations evacuated from Nanjing from 1947.
In the late period of the Liberation War, our army was officially named "China People's Liberation Army". The colors of military uniforms are khaki and gray. Wearing a badge of "China People's Liberation Army" with seven black characters on a white background and red border on his chest. The hat was replaced by a liberation hat with a small brim, and we wore the "August 1st" bronze five-pointed star cap badge.
1949 after the founding of new China, our army developed from a single service to three major services: army, navy and air force. As a result, China's military uniforms have undergone a series of major changes, and many reforms have been carried out, including six major changes:
1. 1950, with the approval of the central military commission, the uniform system and supply standards of the whole army were unified, and the styles were divided into cadre uniforms, soldier uniforms and men's and women's uniforms. Single coat, cadres open, soldiers with hats. The female soldiers are all dresses, and they all wear big hats. The material is cotton plain cloth. Color: army green, navy white blue, cotton-padded blue, air force green blue. Uniformly wear the "August 1st" five-star hat badge and the "China People's Liberation Army" badge.
Second, when the military rank system was implemented in 1955, the military uniforms of the whole army were comprehensively reformed with reference to the Soviet clothing style. Officers and men of the whole army are issued uniforms, and officers at or above the field level are issued formal dresses. In terms of uniform style, male officers wear four vertical lapels with dug pockets, western-style trousers, a big hat in summer (1958 plus a liberation hat) and a velvet hat in winter. Male soldiers dig two pockets with vertical lapels, wear western-style trousers, wear boat-shaped hats in summer (1958 changed to liberation hats) and velvet hats in winter. Navy soldiers are shawl-collar and pullover-type, with openings next to their pants. The summer dress of female soldiers is a small lapel, two digging bags and a soft hat without eaves.
Color: Army Brown Green, Navy Summer White Blue, Winter Navy Blue, Air Force Brown Green Navy Blue. Officers wear epaulettes, soldiers wear epaulettes, and officers and men wear the signs of various services and arms and the round "August 1st" five-star hat badge. A captain was wearing a Sam Browne belt. Officers above the field level are made of wool, junior officers are made of twill, and soldiers are made of plain cloth.
In the early 1960s, there were only cotton-padded clothes in winter and only light clothes in summer, which was not conducive to climate regulation. Under the principle of minor changes in standards, the structural collocation of winter clothes has been reformed. Coats, tight-fitting cotton-padded clothes, sweaters and underpants are used to replace old-fashioned cotton-padded clothes, and coats are widely distributed, which solves the problem of changing seasons and improves the practicability and sanitary performance of military uniforms.
3. 1965, our army abolished the rank system, and all officers and men of the whole army wore red five-star hat badges, red collar badges and liberation hats instead. The navy uniform is the same as that of the army and air force, and the color is gray.
65438-0968 The military uniforms of the whole army carried out special research and experiments on the application of chemical fiber materials in military uniforms. From 197 1, the materials of singlets, blouses and coats were gradually changed to polyester-cotton blended fabrics, which improved the quality of military uniforms.
4. During the period of1985, the whole army updated its clothing during the Eighth Five-Year Plan. Compared with the original clothing, the main changes are: cadres and soldiers are distributed with standard shirts, wide-brimmed hats, round "August 1" five-star hat badges and epaulettes of various services. The winter clothes, summer clothes and coats of cadres above the corps level are all pure wool, while the cadres of divisions and regiments are blended wool.
5. 1988, a new rank system was implemented, and the whole army issued a new 87-style military uniform.
Type 87 military uniforms, summer clothes for officers and soldiers and winter clothes for female soldiers are all changed from standing collar to open collar, and soldiers' uniforms are changed from two pockets to four pockets. Officers and soldiers wear shirts and ties when wearing summer clothes. Training uniforms and camouflage uniforms are fashionable and have a sense of the times. Coat, shirt, military cap, military shoes, etc. It has also been improved accordingly and made great innovations. In summer, the materials used in junior officers' uniforms and noncommissioned officers' uniforms were changed from polyester cotton to blended wool. The hard epaulettes of officers and the soft epaulettes of officers and men are dignified, solemn and generous in style, with clear rank marks and obvious differences. The service logo design is simple and novel, easy to distinguish and easy to paste. The big hat emblem is marked with pine branches and leaves and Tiananmen pattern, which is obvious and profound. The epaulettes and symbols of civilian cadres, the ties of officers' dresses, and the ribbons of big-brimmed hats all match the 87-style military uniforms.
1994 implements the dressing the code according to different types, including three summer clothes (later changed to five), four winter clothes and four training clothes.
Sixth, a new generation of military uniforms. Starting from 1993, our army began to develop a new generation of military uniforms.
(1)1997 May1day, the troops stationed in Hong Kong tried on a new generation of military uniforms-97-style military uniforms.
Type 97 military uniforms constitute the basic color system of the military uniforms of the three armed forces, with brown-green as the main color, white and navy as the main color, and blue as the main color of the air force.
The 97-style military uniform tried on by the troops stationed in Hong Kong mainly consists of four series: dress, uniform, training suit and work clothes. Specifically, it is divided into nine parts: formal dress, spring and autumn dress, summer dress, wool (velvet) coat, training suit, physical training suit and its supporting military shoes (boots) and clothing.
When officers wear the new 97-style military uniform, they still wear the 87-style epaulettes (that is, the current rank marks remain unchanged), but the epaulettes of non-commissioned officers and soldiers have changed and hard epaulettes have been added. Soldiers' hard epaulettes are the heads of swords, decorated with silver-white V-shaped metal strips, and petty officers' V-shaped metal strips are marked with red squares.
In addition, the new generation of military uniforms also added service badges, ribbons, name tags and other clothing. Service box labels and name labels are all metal products. Among them, the shield and the Great Wall are in the middle of the military chest logo, and the five-pointed star is embedded in the shield, surrounded by olive leaves. In the middle of the navy badge pattern is a five-pointed star and an iron anchor, and below is the waves of the ship; There are five-pointed stars and shields in the middle of the air force badge pattern; On the left and right are eagle wings.
(2) On May 1 2000, officers and men of China People's Liberation Army began to equip themselves with new summer clothes.
This change mainly includes Type 99 long short-sleeved shirts, Type 99 short-sleeved jacket shirts for officers and berets.
The shirt fabrics of the army, navy and air force have high technology content, and the color is the basic color of each service, which embodies the characteristics of the three services. The army is light brown-green, the navy is white and the air force is light blue.
The style of Type 99 shirt is waist-tied, jacket-style, switch collar, etc., and the chest pocket is added, and the main sewing parts are also double-slit. Type 99 shirt absorbs the advantages of national clothing size standard (GB 1335) on the basis of type 87 military uniform size, and increases the size value of human body control part. There are five sizes in the size standard, and each size has five types.
Our army's berets are divided into three types: land, sea and air, all of which are internationally accepted styles. The army is dark brown-green, the navy is dark navy and the air force is dark blue. The computer jacquard hat badges of the army, navy and air force are affixed respectively, and the material is imported Australian wool.
(3) From June, 5438 to February, 2004, the soldiers of the whole army put on new winter clothes with improved fabrics.
The new winter clothes focus on improving the clothing fabric and using thick wool-like serge while maintaining the style of 87-style clothing. The main features are strong wool feeling, wrinkle resistance, shape preservation, washability, quick drying and crisp and comfortable wearing.
(4) On May 1 day, 2005, all army soldiers formally put on summer clothes of Type 04 soldiers.
The new summer clothes are changed from the past 3 series to 5 series, and the fabric is changed from polyester to "multi-element and different composite chemical fiber filament fabric" The appearance and texture are the same as those of wool, and the warmth retention, wind resistance and air permeability all reach the indexes of wool. It has good wrinkle resistance and shape retention, antistatic, washable, easy to dry and wear-resistant. The style is the same as the 87-style uniform, but the shape of the clothing has been improved to some extent, and the waist is more obvious.
(5) June 5438+February 2005, the Air Force officially launched the new military uniform.
Type 05 air force uniform was changed from brown, green and navy blue to blue-gray.