1 is a bourgeois anti-feudal ideological emancipation movement.

2. Made ideological preparations for the European bourgeois revolution.

Everyone pays attention to people's value.

Second, the difference between the Renaissance and the Enlightenment:

1. From the background, the Renaissance is the product of the budding capitalism. Enlightenment is the result of capitalist development.

2. From the point of origin: Renaissance originated in Italy, and later extended to Western Europe; The Enlightenment started in England, and the center of development was in France.

3. From the main content: Renaissance advocated "humanity" and only criticized feudal religious theology; The Enlightenment advocated "rationality" and not only criticized feudal religious theology. And put forward the idea of establishing a society ruled by law.

Thirdly, the Enlightenment is the inheritance and development of the Renaissance, which pushed the anti-feudal struggle to a new height and not only boldly exposed all the drawbacks of the feudal system.

Moreover, it outlines the ideal blueprint of capitalist society and provides theoretical preparation for bourgeois revolution and national liberation movement in Europe and America. In fact, the gap between them reflects the process of bourgeois ideology from initial formation to maturity and forming a complete and systematic theory of democratic revolution.

Fourth, the relevant introduction

Enlightenment (French: Siècle des Lumières, English: The Enlightenment, German: die Aufkl? Rung) refers to an anti-feudal and anti-church ideological and cultural movement of the bourgeoisie and the people in the17-18th century. It is another anti-feudal ideological emancipation movement after the Renaissance. Its core idea is "rational worship".

This movement strongly criticized feudal absolutism, religious ignorance and privilege, and publicized the ideas of freedom, democracy and equality. He made ideological preparations and propaganda for the bourgeois revolution in Europe.

The Enlightenment in this period covered natural science, philosophy, ethics, politics, economy, history, literature, education and other fields of knowledge. The Enlightenment provided a framework for the American War of Independence and the French Revolution, and led to the rise of capitalism and socialism, which was the same period as the Baroque period in the history of music and the neoclassicism period in the history of art.

Extended data:

Related background:

1, enlightenment

/kloc-in the 0/8th century, France was still a monarchy. Autocracy and the Catholic Church control the social life of the country and people's thoughts. The countryside was devastated by feudal lords and churches, the court nobles were profligate and the treasury was empty.

The Catholic Church colludes with the autocratic monarchy, promotes cultural absolutism and obscurantism, and madly hurts people with different beliefs and progressive ideas.

In sharp contrast to the serious decline of the autocratic system, the new progressive forces are growing, and they strongly demand to break the political, economic and ideological shackles of the old system.

Driven by the Renaissance, natural science has made great progress. Scientists have revealed many mysteries of nature, and many teachings of the Catholic Church have collapsed, and people are more confident.

Under the influence of the rapid development of capitalism in western Europe and the British asset revolution, people's desire to get rid of autocratic rule and oppression by the Catholic church is growing stronger. First of all, they launched a struggle against autocratic rule and the ideological bondage of the Catholic Church in the ideological field, and set off a vigorous and unprecedented ideological emancipation movement, known as the Enlightenment in history.

2. Renaissance

Based on the unique political structure of Italy in the late Middle Ages, some scholars concluded that the unique local social atmosphere provided the necessary conditions for Italy's rare cultural prosperity.

In early modern times, Italy was not a unified political entity, but was composed of some city-states and territories: controlling the kingdom of Naples in the south; Florence in the middle; Genoa and Milan in the north and west; Venice in the East. /kloc-Italy in the 0/5th century is the region with the highest urbanization level in Europe.

Many Italian cities were built on the ruins of ancient Roman architecture; On the surface, this links the classicism of the Renaissance with the fact that it originated in the center of the Roman Empire.

Quentin Skinner, a philosopher of history and politics, pointed out that when Otto, Bishop of Freising (114-158) came to Italy in the12nd century, he noticed a new form of political and social organization.

Related to this is the anti-monarchy thought expressed in the mural fable of Good and Bad Government. Siena, a famous early Renaissance mural, was painted by Ann Broggio Lorenzetti between 1338 and 1340. Through this painting, he conveyed his strong desire for fairness, justice, harmony and good governance.

Despite being bound by the Holy See and the Holy Roman Empire, these cities and countries still persistently pursue the idea of freedom.

Skinner pointed out that many local people are trying their best to maintain freedom. For example, Matteo palmieri (1406- 1475) not only praised Florence's talented artists in art, sculpture and architecture, but also praised "the prosperity of Florence's moral, social and political philosophy in the same period".

Baidu Encyclopedia: Enlightenment

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