When Confucius was about thirty years old, he began to give lectures. In the history of education in China, Confucius gave lectures for the first time in his private capacity for more than 40 years, which had the most far-reaching influence. According to legend, he has 3000 disciples and 72 proud students. Although Confucius was at the end of the turbulent Spring and Autumn Period, his attitude towards things was positive and promising. Before Confucius, "learning was in the official" and education was "classified", that is to say, the right to education was in the hands of a few nobles. Confucius put forward the progressive slogan of "teaching without class". The proposal of "teaching without class" has broken the framework of "learning in the official", improved the status of private schools and broadened the scope of education. This change in atmosphere is a great contribution of Confucius to China's cultural education. Confucius' students can learn from Confucius as long as they take out "Zhuan" (ten pieces of dried meat repaired) as a meeting gift. Among the students of Confucius at that time were Yan Yuan and Ran Qiu of Lu, Xia Zi and Zigong of Wei, Sima Geng of Song, Ziyou of Wu, Gongsun Long of Chu and Qin Zu of Qin Rong. From the origin, there are Meng and Nangong Stone from noble background, Yong from poor background, Zi Gong from businessman background, and Yan Zhuoju, a thief.

Edit this paragraph "Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude"

Confucius attached great importance to "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude", and he educated them in different ways according to their characteristics. He pays attention to cultivating talents in four subjects: morality, language, politics and literature. He told people with satisfaction: "There are Yan Yuan, Min Zisai, Ran Boniu and Zhong Gong. In terms of speech, high flyers has killed me, salute. Politically, there are hopeful people like You Ran and Lutz. Gao Feixia in literature has a son tour and Xia Zi. " Confucius is very strict with his students. Take Gao Feisheng of the Language Department as an example. At first, I was a less diligent student under Confucius. One day, I was sleeping during the day and was discovered by Confucius. He scolded me to my face: "You can't carve a rotten wood; You can't paint the dung wall with white powder. "After the teacher's severe criticism, I corrected my shortcomings and studied hard. In terms of teaching methods, Confucius paid great attention to induction and inspiration, aiming at students' weaknesses, and prescribed the right medicine. He suppressed his strong and impatient personality; Those who lack courage should be encouraged. On one occasion, Luz asked Confucius, "We have heard something we should do. Should we do it at once?" Confucius thought for a moment and replied, "If there are fathers and brothers, you should ask them first. How can you do it as soon as you hear the news? " You Ran also asked the same question and asked the teacher. Confucius agreed that he would do it at once. Gong Xihua, a student, was surprised and asked Confucius why he had the same question, but there were two different answers. Confucius smiled and said to Gong Xihua, "Ran is timid and moves slowly. Tell him to do it at once. Lutz's personality is very impatient, please ask him to take his time. " Gong Xihua suddenly realized after listening.

Edit this paragraph "Enlightenment Education"

In the usual gossip, Confucius did not give up inspiring education for students. One day, students such as, Zeng, Gong Xihua sat with Confucius and talked about things. Confucius said, "What are you going to do if someone asks you to do something?" Lutz is confident that he can govern a big country well. You Ran said that he could manage a small country well. Gong Xihua said that he can only hold a small position in the government. Zeng Xi finally said slowly, "I just want to live a happy life." When the weather gets warmer in spring, I will take a bath by the river with my companions and enjoy the cool in the wind, and then everyone will sing back. Starting from the theory of benevolent governance, Confucius hoped to live a peaceful life, so he appreciated Zeng's idea very much. On another occasion, Confucius asked students to talk about voluntary service. Lutz said cheerfully, "I am willing to share my happiness with my friends. I can give my horse, chariot and clothes to my friends, and it doesn't matter if they are worn out. "Yan Yuan said quietly," I hope I don't boast proudly and show off my achievements. "At this time, Confucius just listened to the students, but he didn't say anything. The impatient Luz asked Confucius, "Teacher, what is your wish?" Confucius replied without thinking, "I hope the elderly can live comfortably, friends of the same age can trust each other and the younger generation can be taken care of." "It can be seen that Confucius is good at unconsciously inspiring students to think and instilling his theory of benevolent governance into students. Later, with the ambition of saving the world and helping others, Confucius led students to travel around the world and advised governors of various countries to implement benevolent policies.

Edit this paragraph "apply what you have learned, combine learning with thinking"

Confucius put great emphasis on applying what he has learned and combined learning with thinking. He once said: "It is useless to learn without thinking, and it is dangerous to think without learning." It means that learning without thinking is useless; Thinking without studying will make you hesitate. He also asked students to review what they have learned frequently, so as to "review the old and learn the new". Confucius never tires of learning and never tires of teaching all his life.

Edit this life of Confucius.

Confucius left Lu at the age of 55 and traveled to Lu, Wei, Song, Chen, Cai, Chu and other countries to lobby governors. On the one hand, he publicized his benevolent policies, on the other hand, he insisted on his teaching activities. However, in order to compete for hegemony, the rulers emphasized enriching Qiang Bing and focused on current interests. How can they accept Confucius' thought of benevolent governance? Therefore, Confucius was not valued by the rulers, and his political talents were not well played. By 484 BC, Confucius was already a white-haired old man. Returned to Shandong at the age of 68, ending the lobbying life of 14 years. After returning to Shandong, Confucius concentrated on guiding students to learn knowledge and collecting and sorting out ancient literature and classics on a large scale. He compiled six classics, including The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Yijing, Yue and Chunqiu. These books have become important materials for us to study ancient politics, economy, literature and philosophy today, and they are very precious heritages. Confucius died at the age of 73. His death made his disciples very sad. They put up a shed in front of his grave for three years to express their condolences. Zigong even lived in * * * for six years. I cried when I left. Disciples believe that Confucius is as white and bright as the river washed and the sun shone.

Edit this passage of the Analects of Confucius.

After the death of Confucius, the students recalled his daily lessons and life and compiled a recorded book called The Analects. Later, The Analects of Confucius became a Confucian classic, which had a great influence on the education and culture of China.