First, the overall perception

This article talks about the relationship between man and nature. The author believes that on this issue, human beings should fundamentally change their concepts, stop claiming to "conquer nature" and respect and care for nature. Compared with nature, historically, the universe has existed for at least 20 billion years. "Man is always just a naive child"; On relationship, human beings are "just an ordinary part of nature"; On wisdom, natural wisdom is the sea, and "human wisdom is just a drop in the ocean". Claiming to "conquer nature" is really wishful thinking. The author focuses on comparing human wisdom with natural wisdom. In the face of nature, human wisdom is not to be proud of. First of all, even with high technology, the space of the aerospace industry is still very narrow in the middle of the universe. Second, the history of human cognition is also a history of constant error correction. Ten thousand years later, our understanding is still very naive. Third, the mine may also become a trap dug by human beings. Fourthly, the author concludes that "there must be creatures in the universe that are far above our intelligence", but in the eyes of astronauts, human intelligence is nothing. The wisdom of nature is unparalleled. Nature has created everything in the universe, and everything is exquisite, which makes people admire the depth and superb wisdom of nature; Nature has created colorful life, and human beings are the masterpieces of nature. Nature can use the laws of beauty to create everything in the universe. All this is beyond human wisdom. The author further expounds the relationship between human wisdom and natural wisdom. First, human wisdom is also endowed by nature. Human wisdom is a part of natural wisdom and a tool for self-understanding of the universe. Second, human wisdom is an advanced form of cosmic wisdom, and human wisdom and cosmic wisdom are different stages of the same wisdom. Since man is a part of nature, man and nature are one, and nature, human beings should cherish nature. The author discusses the life of the universe from the perspective of natural wisdom. The universe is alive, and everything in the universe is an integral part of life in the universe. Although human beings are advanced life forms, they are just another way of existence of matter, and nonliving matter is also a form of existence of life. So human beings and other things in nature are really brothers. The conclusion is that human beings should respect nature. Fear is respect and fear. Under awe is love. Since human beings are the creation of cosmic wisdom, human wisdom should include natural wisdom. For its own survival and development, human beings should always think of caring for nature and seeking the harmonious development between man and nature. This article is an argumentative essay. If we grasp the content of the text as a whole, it is not difficult to see that the author has adopted the method of advancing layer by layer and following the course. From the beginning, I denied the slogan of "conquering nature" and finally came to the conclusion of "fearing nature". Comparing human wisdom with that of nature, it is pointed out that human wisdom is also endowed by nature, and human wisdom, that is, the wisdom of nature, has entered a new level. From wisdom theory to life theory, it has entered a new level. In the layer-by-layer discussion, the reasons why human beings should fear nature are stated, and finally a conclusion is drawn. The use of contrast enriches the argument and the article itself is very distinctive. It has three characteristics: first, it combines general generalization with specific development. First of all, people always say that human wisdom is to natural wisdom what a drop of water is to the sea. Then it discusses the wisdom of human beings from several aspects, and uses a lot of space to discuss the wisdom of nature with concrete examples. The second is to use contrast skillfully. There is a contrast between human wisdom and natural wisdom, not only in two aspects, but also in two aspects. Looking at human wisdom from a natural point of view includes contrast. On natural wisdom is also a comparison between "what human beings can't do" and "what human wisdom can't do". The third is a broad vision. From a natural perspective, a historical perspective, a long-term perspective and a macro perspective, people have to admit that human beings have no reason to be too proud of nature. Argumentative writing is different from lyric prose and general argumentative writing. This style mainly adopts the expression of discussion, and its content is argumentative, with arguments and arguments, but it has a distinctive feature of strong literariness, emphasis on image and literary language, and strong lyrical elements and emotional colors. The reverence for nature expresses human's respect for the foundation of life and objective laws, and advocates the advantages and disadvantages and mutual benefit of nature on this basis. Those who agree with this concept stick to nothing more than the moral bottom line of human beings in the universe. Why is this attitude "severely criticized"? In my opinion, the reason may be that pseudoscience is afraid. Pseudoscience is to put science on the altar and worship it as superstition. The reverence for nature just breaks this superstition, reminds human beings of their true identity as the sons of nature, reveals the instrumental and double-edged nature of science and technology, and questions the one-dimensional thinking of solving disasters only by science and technology, rather than eliminating and reducing disasters from production methods and lifestyles; What's more, it tries to drive science out of the artificial altar, verify the ecological ethics and moral ethics of scientific and technological workers, and let science and technology accept moral review and environmental impact assessment. It tries to establish a mind early warning system to avoid ecological collapse, moral decay, and even various disasters such as biochemical warfare and nuclear war. Capital hates it. The nature of capital is to accumulate, expand and consume natural resources to survive. The fear of nature is a constraint on the uncontrolled expansion of capital. Those who arbitrarily build mountains and dams for profiteering, those who pollute grassland rivers with technology, those who do not hesitate to operate on the "sacred mountains and lakes" of the aborigines for short-term benefits, those who want to turn every river into a "printing machine", and those who dare to start construction illegally without going through the EIA, of course, must first remove the big stone that stands in the way of "fearing nature". Fear of nature will threaten their courage, torture their remorse and remind their conscience. Power fears it. Because reverence for nature gives people a yardstick to measure the right and wrong of personnel, they dare to say no to those unsustainable and unfair development models, dare to ask what the purpose of development is, and dare to pursue real life and real life. Most people who fear nature are not afraid of power. They question all human grammars and all the miracles that have been edited. Carson, an American female biologist, was labeled as "anti-civilization and anti-science" by scientists and business groups at that time because she exposed the impact of chemical pesticides on the environment. She didn't compromise. Because the fear of nature is the yardstick in the hearts of these weak and firm people, the truth supported by biological common sense, and the belief in harmony arising from the true feelings of the son of nature. Kant, a famous western philosopher, said that the most awesome thing in the world is the starry sky overhead and the moral law in the heart. He even took this sentence as his epitaph. In an impetuous era, it is courage and happiness to maintain the unchangeable belief and clear value of fearing nature. When Fang carefully collected all kinds of personal feelings and some slips of the tongue in Wang's previous works and speeches in "The Theory of" Awe "is the Idea of Promoting the Connection between Man and Nature" (65438+1October 2 1), and wrote down the collection of debates, Wang, who has been traveling in remote areas and indigenous villages all the year round, was discussing with her grassroots partners in Beijing how to cooperate. Everyone has his own weaknesses, but this does not hinder her belief in fearing nature and her actions for it. China is a country with the most fragile ecological environment in history, the largest population and the greatest development pressure. After the environmental impact assessment law came into effect on September 1 2003, so many shocking illegal construction incidents occurred. The environmental impact assessment storm of the State Environmental Protection Administration will inevitably involve many interest groups. The pressure and resistance in this EIA enforcement action can be imagined. The establishment of a harmonious society needs justice to support, and justice should be maintained by the whole society. Wang's efforts deserve our respect.

Second, the problem research

1. What does "fear nature" mean? Is "fear of nature" a passive slogan? "awe", literally speaking, is both respect and awe. The meaning of respect is easier to understand. The article says: "the wisdom of nature is the ocean", "the wisdom of human beings is really dwarfed by the wisdom of nature", the wisdom of nature is "profound and superb" and "the universe is a huge and eternal life". These words are full of respect. Respecting nature means fully understanding the greatness of nature and the significance of all things in nature. The mysteries of nature are endless. The generation of everything in nature, including the generation of human beings, is really amazing. It is acknowledged that human beings are also a part of nature, and their wisdom and creation cannot be compared with nature. The meaning of fear has its specific meaning. Modern people's "fear of nature" is different from that of primitive people. The fear of awe and awe can be found in the sentence "care for nature" Everything in nature is the creation of cosmic wisdom, and the destruction of nature will inevitably be punished by nature. The punishment of nature is ruthless and daunting, and human beings should adjust their relationship with nature. Human beings should not be opposed to nature. Nature is not the object of human conquest, but an equal life with human beings. Human beings should seek harmonious development with nature, and in the process of transforming and utilizing nature, make nature better, so that human beings can survive better. 2. Do "wisdom of the universe" and "life of the universe" exist or not? What do this "wisdom" and this "life" mean? The "wisdom of the universe" and "life of the universe" mentioned in the article are anthropomorphic statements. It is amazing to compare the universe to human beings and imagine everything in the universe as the creation of the creator. The author said that "man is the highest embodiment of natural wisdom and one of her most outstanding works", which is anthropomorphic. The personification technique has vivid, vivid and friendly effects. Cosmic wisdom and human wisdom are two relative concepts, and they are comparable. However, personification is personification after all. If you are possessed and think that there is a "God" who creates and dominates everything in the universe, you will go to religion. 3. Exploration of several difficulties? ① Why do you say that even flies, mosquitoes and even dust in nature are exquisite works of art, showing the profound and superb wisdom of nature? Just think about the body structure and physiological mechanism of flies and mosquitoes, and you will feel exquisite. The more carefully biologists study, the more refined they feel. Flies and mosquitoes are annoying, but it is amazing to think about how such a small life can grow like this, how flies can have compound eyes, and how mosquitoes can draw blood. Dust is also a substance. Why is it so small? If we deeply explore its internal structure, we will feel exquisite. ② Why do you say that "human wisdom and the wisdom of the universe are different stages of the same wisdom"? Why do you say "my wisdom is natural wisdom, my understanding of the universe is the universe's understanding of itself, my thinking is the thinking of the universe, my pain is the pain of the universe, and my laughter is the laughter of the universe"? The author believes that human beings, as intelligent creatures, are the creation of cosmic wisdom, and human wisdom is an advanced form of cosmic wisdom. In other words, the author divides cosmic wisdom into low-level form and high-level form. Cosmic wisdom is divided into two concepts. One is the big concept, which includes both low-level and high-level forms; One is a small concept, which refers to the low-level form. The so-called "human wisdom and universal wisdom are different stages of the same wisdom", and the "universal wisdom" here refers to the low-level universal wisdom. The higher and lower forms of cosmic wisdom are of course different stages of cosmic wisdom. According to the author, man is to the universe what the mind is to the whole body, so it is easy to understand that human wisdom is natural wisdom. The understanding of the mind, the thinking of the mind, of course, is a person's understanding, a person's thinking, so it is easy to understand this string of words. But also shows that people and the universe are closely related, such as public hazards. Destroying the body of the universe is the pain of the universe, and it is also painful, so "my pain is the pain of the universe" and vice versa. (3) "The universe is full of hidden life, full of budding life and full of silent voices". What do these words mean? The author uses personification to say that the universe is a huge and eternal life, and everything in the universe is a part of the life of the universe and a life form. The only difference lies in the difference between high-level life forms and low-level life forms, and high-level life forms are produced by low-level life forms, so low-level life forms, that is, seemingly lifeless substances, also "hide life" and have "budding life". For example, before the landslide, it was silent, the mountain was constantly destroyed, and there was a "cry of life" in the stone, but it was silent for a while, which was a "silent voice".

[Edit this paragraph] After-class exercises and answers

Read the text repeatedly and find out the key sentences that express the author's views in the text. Think about it, why does the author put forward "fear of nature"? Why do you say "fear nature" means "fear yourself"? The key sentence to express the author's point of view is: "We should no longer regard other parts of the universe as only the objects of our conquest and other creatures as only our food. On the contrary, we should first regard them as equal lives with us, as creations of cosmic wisdom, and as exhibitors of the beauty of the universe. We should respect them first, just as we respect ourselves. To fear them is to fear the universe, nature and ourselves. " The reason why the author proposes to "fear nature" is because people often oppose man and nature and claim to conquer nature. This view has its reasonable side, but when it goes to extremes, it often violates the laws of nature, destroys nature and leads to natural punishment. Only by recognizing the greatness of nature and caring for it can human beings achieve harmonious development with nature. The reason why we say "reverence for nature" means "reverence for ourselves" is that human beings and nature are both creations of cosmic wisdom and components of cosmic life. Although there are different life forms and different life forms, they are all equal lives and brothers, so to fear nature means to fear wisdom, and life means to fear oneself. Moreover, reverence for nature means loving nature, loving the home where human beings live and loving ourselves. Second, many sentences in this article are full of philosophy. Please understand the meaning of the following sentences carefully and exchange opinions with your classmates. 1. Mankind rejoices in these achievements. However, who can say that those messy mines will not be traps dug by humans? 2. The reason why the universe creates intelligent creatures is to realize itself and appreciate its magnificent beauty. Man is not alone, he is our brother all over the universe. This question aims to guide students to think about philosophical sentences in the text and deepen their understanding of the main idea of the text. 1. Falling into a trap is a crisis. The mining of coal, oil, natural gas and other minerals has left countless pits, which have destroyed the landform and stratigraphic structure and are likely to lead to serious consequences and endanger mankind itself. 2. This sentence means that the universe has created intelligent creatures like human beings, which means that the universe has grown a brain, and with the tools of self-knowledge, human understanding of the universe is the universe's understanding of itself. This sentence personifies the universe and describes the appearance of human beings as purposeful creation of the universe. Everything in the universe, including human beings, is an integral part of life in the universe, and everything except human beings is also life in various forms, so it is an equal life with us and our brothers. Thirdly, rhetorical questions are used in many places in this paper. Rhetorical question is a rhetorical method to express clear meaning with interrogative questions. Ask questions with negative sentences to express positive meanings; Asking questions in affirmative sentences expresses negative meaning. The function of rhetorical questions is to strengthen the tone, increase the power of language, stimulate the feelings of readers and leave a deep impression on readers. For example, "Who says there is no life in the universe"? This is more powerful and clear than using the general judgment sentence "The universe is alive". Try to find a few rhetorical questions from the text and turn them into general declarative sentences, and then compare the expressive effects of these two sentences. This topic combines rhetorical devices of rhetorical questions in text learning to realize the expressive effect of rhetorical questions. Rhetorical question: What reason and qualification do we have to laugh at the ancients and show off our cleverness in front of nature? Statement: We have no reason and qualification to laugh at the ancients and show off our cleverness in front of nature. Rhetorical questions emphasize more strongly that it is unreasonable and unqualified to laugh at the ancients and show off their cleverness in front of nature. Rhetorical question: Who can say that those messy mines will not be traps dug by human beings? Disclaimer: No one can assert that those messy mines will not be traps dug by human beings. The rhetorical question is more intense and thought-provoking. Rhetorical question: Isn't the eternal movement and evolution the embodiment of her vitality? Statement: The eternal movement and the process of evolution are the embodiment of her vitality. Rhetorical questions can stimulate readers' thinking and have a stronger tone. Rhetorical question: Didn't you hear the cry of life in the stone? Statement: You heard the cry of life in the stone. Rhetorical questions are more intense and have thought-provoking effects. 4. For a long time, human beings have always claimed to be "the spirit of all things", but the author of this article suggested that human beings are "just an ordinary part of the body of nature" and other creatures are equal to human beings. What do you think of this problem? What is the basis? Interested students can form a group to collect information and publish a special issue of "The Mystery of Man and the Universe". The purpose of this topic is to cultivate the spirit of independent thinking, cultivate a scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts and advocating true knowledge, encourage students to express their views and encourage students to have an equal dialogue with the author. Students should not only express their opinions, but also try to tell the basis. Teachers should guide students to collect information, think about problems according to facts and form their own opinions.

[Edit this paragraph] Related information

First, China's ancient "harmony between man and nature" theory

"Harmony between man and nature" is a viewpoint that emphasizes the connection, similarity and unity between "heaven" and "man" and "nature" and "man-made". It was first put forward by Zi Si and Mencius in the Warring States Period. They believe that man and heaven are interlinked, and man's kindness and talent can make him know heaven wholeheartedly, thus "rising and falling with heaven and earth". Zhuangzi believes that "heaven and earth coexist with me, and everything is one with me", and that man and heaven are inherently integrated, but the subjective distinction of man destroys unity. Advocate the elimination of all differences and the unity of man and nature. In the Western Han Dynasty, Dong Zhongshu emphasized the harmony between man and nature, and "the harmony between man and nature" (Spring and Autumn Stories, Famous Detective). After the Song Dynasty, thinkers gave full play to the views of Mencius and The Doctrine of the Mean, and demonstrated the unity of the relationship between heaven and man from three aspects: reason, nature and fate. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Wang Fuzhi said that "only reason is the same, so people's hearts are heaven" (Zhang Zizheng and Zhu Meng Taihe Pian), but he emphasized the need to "combine heaven", "nature" and "guide heaven with people". It is one of the characteristics of China's ancient philosophy to try to trace the similarities between heaven and man in order to achieve the unity and harmony between heaven and man. (Selected from Ci Hai, Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, 1999 edition)

Second, the debate between heaven and man in ancient China

The debate between heaven and man is a debate about the relationship between "heaven" and "man" and "nature" and "man-made". From the end of the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period, "the debate between heaven and man" became the central issue of philosophical debate. Confucius said, "What did Heaven say? At four o'clock, everything is born. " But it also emphasizes the necessity of "fearing destiny". Mozi attached importance to man's "strong action", but he also put forward "ambition" as the standard to measure everything. Laozi pointed out that "the loss of heaven cannot be compensated;" People's ways are different, and the loss is not enough to serve. "It has been suggested that human beings should obey nature. Zi Si and Meng Zi advocated the theory of the unity of heaven and man, and thought that as long as people developed the virtue of "sincerity", they could "praise the cultivation of heaven and earth" and "ascend to heaven and earth" (the golden mean). Zhuangzi advocated that "no one can destroy the sky" and "cattle and horses are four-legged, which is called the sky; Those who fall off the horse's head and wear a bull's nose are called people, because all mankind is harmful to nature. Xunzi believed that "heaven" was not transferred by human will, and proposed that "tomorrow people should be divided" and that "the destiny should be controlled and used". The relationship between acquired human beings has always been one of the long-standing debates in philosophy. Dong Zhongshu in the Western Han Dynasty put forward the ideological system of the induction between heaven and man and the unity of heaven and man. In the middle Tang Dynasty, the debate between heaven and man reached its climax again. Liu Zongyuan explained the origin and infinity of the universe with original energy. Liu Yuxi distinguished the role of heaven and man and put forward the viewpoint of "Heaven and man win each other". Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty demonstrated the unity of nature and man from the unity of things and me.

[Edit this paragraph] The theme of "reverence for nature" (reference)

The author vividly shows us the relationship between man and nature by using a series of rhetorical methods such as metaphor, personification and contrast, and puts forward the view that it is wrong to conquer nature. We should respect nature and protect the harmony between nature and nature.

separate into parts

The first part (1 paragraph) points out that people's idea of "conquering nature" is wrong. People are part of this function. The second part (paragraphs 2-7) describes how small human beings are relative to nature from three aspects: history, relationship and wisdom. The third part (paragraph 8- 10) discusses the life of the universe from the perspective of natural wisdom, and points out that we are brothers everywhere in the universe. The fourth part (paragraph 1 1) concludes that people should fear nature.

[Edit this paragraph] Pronunciation of "reverence for nature" (reference)

1. wormwood péng hāo 2. Shout nà h m: n3. It is dwarfed by xiāng xíng jiàn chù 4. It's a mess, láng jí 5. Close at hand, zhǐ chǐ 6. Gourmet m I wèI Jiāyáo 7. Kun Peng Ken Peng

[Edit this paragraph] Teaching suggestions

First, try to stimulate students' interest in learning. 1. We can start with the creator. Christians call God the Creator. We don't believe in any god or creator, but we might as well personify nature and the universe and regard it as wisdom. Everything in nature and the universe is the creation of this wisdom. Please think about the wisdom of nature (you can think about the whole universe, any kind of natural things, and you can also think about human beings themselves). What wonderful things nature has created. Think for a few minutes before reading the text. 2. You can also say "conquering nature" and "fearing nature". We often say that "man can conquer nature" and "conquer nature", but the author advocates "awe of nature", respect and awe of nature. These are two opposing views. Whose side are you on? Let's take a look at why the article advocates awe of nature and laughs at the view of "conquering nature". Second, create a good autonomous learning situation for students. 1. Arrange enough time to watch it twice by yourself. After reading for the first time, ask questions and think for yourself. After watching it for the second time, simply write down your feelings, understanding and evaluation. 2. Hang a wall chart of the universe and nature or use a projection. 3. Report the results of autonomous learning and encourage the results of autonomous learning. Third, cultivate students' inquiry reading ability. 1. Arrange enough time for students to ask questions. Intensive reading can't help asking for in-depth understanding. It is necessary to guide students to study the text, study the difficulties and understand the meaning of the sentence. This kind of learning is mainly to ask yourself and answer yourself, ask your own questions and seek your own answers. For example, why do you say, "My understanding of the universe is my understanding of the universe itself"? The answer can be found in the context. There is a sentence below, "It's like the brain is an organ of my body". It can be seen that the author compares the relationship between human beings and the universe to the brain and body. The understanding of the brain is of course the understanding of human beings, and the understanding of the body by the brain is of course the understanding of human beings. It is easy to understand that human beings are regarded as a part of the universe, a thoughtful and intelligent part. 2. Explore the direction. Let the students set their own inquiry direction first: What questions need to be explored? What are the problems worth discussing? Then guide, summarize, screen, supplement and sort out, and determine the questions and order of exploration. The focus of this paper should be: how to understand the connotation of "fear of nature" mentioned by the author? 3. Explore navigation. Let the students talk about how to explore each problem, and then the teacher will guide them. If we explore the connotation of "reverence for nature", we must decompose the following questions: First, "respect for nature" refers to how to treat nature. Second, does "reverence for nature" mean doing nothing? Third, why should we "fear nature"? How do you think nature should be treated correctly? Fourth, learn the necessary rhetorical knowledge in combination with the article. Students are familiar with personification. Combining this paper to study personification can enrich their existing understanding. What needs to be clear is that personification is personification after all, and personification naturally does not mean that there really is a God. If you are stubborn, you will go to the opposite of theism, creationism and science.