1. Land annexation: landlords have intensified their exploitation of farmers.
2. Natural disasters: 1840- 1850. In Guangdong, Guangxi and many parts of the country, floods, droughts and locust plagues have continued year after year, and the vast number of farmers have lost their families and fallen into a desperate situation. Farmers have resisted 1 10 times.
3. War reparations: After the Opium War, the Qing government passed on a large amount of military expenditure and huge reparations to the working people. Due to the five-port trade, a large number of foreign industrial products flooded into China, and the high-quality and low-price industrial products excluded the traditional household sideline and handicraft industry in China, which made farmers and craftsmen in the southeast coastal areas bankrupt and lost their livelihood. Especially in Guangdong and Guangxi, due to the direct influence of the Opium War, social unrest became more intense.
4. Hong Xiuquan was attracted by the single theocracy and the Christian concept of equality in The Book of Persuasion. He combined the Christian concept of equality with the average concept of "the world is peaceful" and "everyone is equal" of farmers in China. Starting from the requirements and interests of the peasant class, he successively wrote Salvation Song by the Original Way, Awakening by the Original Way and Awakening by the Original Way.
5. Among the poor farmers and charcoal-burning workers in Bauhinia mountain area, Feng Yunshan publicized anti-Qing thoughts and organized sacrifices to the gods. 1849, more than 10,000 people worship God. Around 1850, the contradiction between worship of gods and landlord groups became increasingly acute, and the peasant uprising in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was brewed and launched under such a situation.
But I don't think these are the main reasons. The fundamental reason is the large population and small land area in the Qing Dynasty. Until/very
The slogans of various uprisings or revolutions will not arouse the expectations of so many people. China was deeply influenced by Confucian culture.
The people's endurance is surprisingly high. Therefore, the population problem and natural disasters are the two most important factors. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, farmers began to struggle for survival, which was related to the problems caused by overpopulation, and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Revolution was also caused by overpopulation.
China is still plagued by population problems. In ancient times, it was the peasant war that regulated the population. Now, I think.
Improving the education level and controlling the population is the right way, and a single family planning policy cannot change the low education level.
The traditional concept.
The population problem was discovered by China Kangxi, who thought that "although the registered permanent residence has increased, the cultivated land has not increased", Records of the Holy Father of Qing Dynasty, 240, but a wise man like him has no choice but to lament "always worrying" and Kangxi's Note compiled by the First Historical Archives of China. When Qianlong was in office, he also learned to look like his grandfather. "I am very worried about this." Four sets of imperial poems, volume 93. Just when Emperor Qianlong was worried, there was a scholar named Hong in Qing Dynasty who was also worried, so he was called Malthus of China. The problem is that Malthus of China can still come up with brilliant ideas that can lead to fertility growth. His measures include reclamation, immigration, tax reduction, prevention of land merger, hard work and plain living, and opening warehouses to help the people. In a word, these wisest emperors and princes will never think of the road of limiting birth.
In fact, in the late period of Kanggan's prosperous period, the population problem in the Qing Dynasty had already affected the social order. When Jiaqing was in power, he was faced with peasant uprisings in various places, such as An Baili Uprising, Heaven and Earth Uprising and Tianjin Uprising. Therefore, the peasant uprising needs two preconditions: first, two or three hundred years of peace will make the population reach the limit that agriculture can bear. Secondly, large-scale natural disasters suddenly appeared, which became the last straw to crush the camel of the old agricultural order in China. China's population problem unfortunately verified Malthus' theory. When the population reaches a certain limit, disasters such as war and plague will become the last resort to reduce the population, and poverty will become the inevitable fate of all farmers in China. The rapid increase of population has caused the destruction of the environment, and the destruction of the environment has caused the sudden appearance of large-scale natural disasters. The man-made factors that lead to natural disasters are mainly the over-exploitation of natural resources by human beings, which has a great relationship with the surge of population. In the face of population pressure, people can only speed up their demand from nature. In the final analysis, the population problem in Qing Dynasty affected the social order.
In the 29th year of Kangxi, the national population was 1. Ten years later, it is estimated to grow to1.500 million, and 1.759 just exceeded 200 million, and unification was completed. Since then, the territory of the Qing Dynasty has never increased, but the population has continued to rise. In the thirty years before the Taiping Rebellion, Daoguang (1850) reached 430 million, more than double that of 1750. Under such unprecedented population pressure, the Qing dynasty did not open up its territory or develop its frontier. Although there are some immigrants to Xinjiang, most of them are garrisons and criminal exiles, and the total number has not exceeded 500,000 by 1950. As a result, the living standard of the people in China is declining, and more than 400 million people are totally dependent on the food produced in the country.