Even in my imagination, Beijing itself, which is connected by towering towers and winding city walls, is like a huge quadrangle, facing south, forming its own Fiona Fang. Who posted it? And who overthrew it in one fell swoop? The gate is missing. The city wall disappeared. The hutong has widened. Old houses with gray bricks and black tiles have also been razed to the ground, replaced by high-rise buildings and various modern facilities. It can be said that the building blocks in Beijing are getting taller and bigger. No, they are no longer as rigid and monotonous as building blocks, but as brilliant as a freshly baked birthday cake with cream. As a person who is used to living in quadrangles, I still have faint regrets. I remember the night before the demolition, I was not ecstatic about moving into a tall building with an elevator, but had a nostalgic dream: the bulldozer drove all the way to my door, and I looked around and found that there was only one quadrangle left in the huge Beijing. I don't know whether to persist or retreat, but I can only shout in vain: Please wait, wait ... for fear of missing something in my hurry. To tell you the truth, I really want to take this lonely yard with my furniture and luggage. Because it is more valuable. Fortunately, this is just a dream. The resistance in the dream is very weak. After waking up, I moved. I can't take the whole yard, but I took its memory. In my dream, the last quadrangle in Beijing belongs to me. In other words, I would like to be the last resident of the quadrangle. The quadrangle where I lived has been torn down without a trace. But in my mind, it is still there, waiting for my return. To this day, I still keep the original invalid key. Maybe you can use it, even in another dream. It may become a prop for another dream. If all the quadrangles in Beijing are demolished, only the Forbidden City remains as the last specimen. The Forbidden City is the quadrangle where the emperor lived and the largest quadrangle in China, which embodies the essence of classical architecture. Unfortunately, you need to buy a ticket to visit it. In addition, I really don't want the Forbidden City to become a "model room" for future generations to understand the disappearing quadrangles. Speaking of the last quadrilateral, it seems a bit alarmist. Please don't laugh at me for worrying. After all, there are fewer and fewer quadrangles in Beijing. With the development of society, the increase of population and the transformation of urban areas, it will face a greater crisis. My worries are not necessarily unnecessary. Defending quadrangles is becoming a slogan. I don't believe that quadrangles need to be protected like endangered and rare animals. Let's make a list before it is too late. How many quadrangles are left in Beijing? Can Beijing be called Beijing without quadrangles? Just like there is no wall, Beijing is not Beijing in the strict sense, and it is always a bit awkward to read. If you want to know the real old Beijing, how can you get into a quadrangle without going through winding hutongs? In my memory, any quadrangle is the epitome of old Beijing. From this, we can see the local Beijing. The story that happened in any quadrangle is an inseparable part of Beijing story (or Beijing history). Similar to the last quadrangle, there is the last hutong, the last archway, the last well, the last section of the Great Wall or the last time-honored brand. This is endless. It's all to remind everyone, and it's all for one purpose: I hope the story of old Beijing will not be lost. Beijing, which was born, used to be composed of quaint quadrangles and adjacent hutongs. It can be said that every quadrangle is a specimen of Beijing. From its mottled moss marks and dim lights, we can see the local Beijing. The story that happened in every quadrangle can be said to be an integral part of Beijing story (or Beijing history). Later, there were more high-rise buildings, more overpasses, more modern expressways that could accommodate more than six cars in parallel, widened hutongs, demolished quadrangles, bulldozers swaggered around the ancient city, and old residential areas were eroded by industrial society. I was surprised to find that on the one hand, Beijing is expanding (the periphery has extended beyond the Fourth Ring Road); On the other hand, Beijing is shrinking (Beijing in another sense, traditional Beijing). It shrinks smaller and smaller, shrinking to the size of a fist on the municipal construction plan, like a withered apple with evaporated water (there are traces of insects on the edge). Let Lin Yutang or Lao She look at the real Beijing again, and they will feel unrecognizable. I can't help worrying that after a certain period of time, Beijing, surrounded by high-rise buildings and modern facilities, has no way out, leaving only the last quadrangle, which is independent and crumbling. In that case, what kind of regrets and regrets will we leave for future generations! Siheyuan, China's Box The shape and structure of Siheyuan have a mysterious beauty in my eyes. I often think that people who live in quadrangles are blessed. Speaking of Beijing's folk houses, it is natural to talk about quadrangles. In fact, the so-called quadrangles, as early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, had formed a basic pattern, but I don't know why, as if destined to Beijing, has always been a representative building of Beijing's residential buildings. Most of the existing quadrangles in Beijing are relics of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Living in a quadrangle means living in a sense of history, which is equivalent to guarding the heritage of our ancestors. Can you say this is not a blessing? Maybe in a few years, I can't live if I want to. In modern society, it is easy to live in a tall building, but difficult to live in a quadrangle. The "pomegranate tree with ceiling and a fish tank" that old Beijing often boasts is probably the only display in the quadrangle. If you don't pay attention, this kind of scenery will soon disappear. Wang Zengqi vividly compared the quadrangle to "a box". Why did you build this box? Because "the ideal home of Beijingers is a single-family house". Four generations living under one roof, happy in a fully enclosed quadrangle in a round place, is also the highest ideal of Beijingers in the old days. It is said that only in this state can we know what is family happiness and what is the meaning hidden in the city. For Beijingers who like to live in boxes, most of their quadrangles are divided into inner and outer courtyards. The inner courtyard is used for living and consists of a main room, a wing, an east wing and a west wing. The outer court is used as a concierge, living room and guest room. There are also large-scale houses, which develop in depth and add several courtyards, or develop horizontally and add several parallel courtyards. Although they are all called quadrangles, quadrangles can also be divided into rich and poor. It can be simple, complicated or even luxurious. What is hidden in this Rubik's Cube-like china box? The decorative auxiliary facilities of the quadrangle include landscape wall, flower hanging door (or screen door), hand reading gallery, Nanshan wall, post-Gai Lou and so on. Just after years of vicissitudes, Wang Zengqi, who compared it to a "box", had to sigh-the box was almost worn out: "Except for a few houses that still stand there, most of the houses have been worn out, and some foundations have even subsided, and only half of them are still exposed on the ground. Outside some quadrangles, there are still lost horse nails and stones, which record the lost glory. There are boreholes that can't get out of the water, and stone chessboards with rounded edges and corners for people to mourn. Even so, in the eyes of a stranger, the quadrangles in Beijing are still full of mysterious beauty, as if they contain some ancient legends I don't know. In other words, its mystery is its beauty, and beauty is its mystery. This is a Chinese box that can be copied and enlarged infinitely. I have been to many palaces and offices left in Beijing and found that they basically belong to the structure of quadrangles; So when I read A Dream of Red Mansions, the Grand View Garden is like a quadrangle in my imagination, a big quadrangle with romantic feelings. Visiting the Forbidden City is also a replica and expansion of the quadrangle, but it is only a quadrangle for the emperor to live in. By extension, the whole city of Beijing in the Qing Dynasty, and even China in that era (pursuing the closed door policy), was not a totally enclosed super quadrangle? I'm really worried that quadrangles are not only a kind of architecture, but also a kind of psychology. While the quadrangle is still there, it is time for future generations to visit and analyze this box. Understanding the history of quadrangles is tantamount to entering the black box of the soul, and thoughts will be exposed. Siheyuan is the shadow of old China, with a decadent and heartbreaking beauty, so I can't get tired of reading Beijing Siheyuan. It is inserted horizontally on the bookshelves of the city like a thread-bound book, surrounded by trendy buildings of reinforced concrete. I even think that if you haven't lived in a quadrangle, you can't really understand Beijing. Even if you think you know its present situation very well, you should go to the quadrangle to make up lessons. You can never understand a city without understanding its past. People who have lived in quadrangles will have thoughts, so they are blessed. According to the living conditions, Beijing residents can be divided into those who live in buildings and those who live in bungalows (mostly quadrangles). Buildings generally have "double gas" (gas and heating), and bungalows rely on honeycomb coal for cooking stoves, so the quadrangle in winter is a bit cold, but it can also let you see its past clearly, and the scene of Beijingers living in the fence in the past. You can sit in the patio and bask in the sun, thinking about related or unrelated things. Fortunately, when I first came to Beijing, I lived in a quadrangle in Dongcheng for half a year. However, with the transformation of Beijing urban area, quadrangles were almost demolished. I'm afraid it will be much more difficult for future literati to live in quadrangles when they are nostalgic than in five-star hotels. At this point, I feel doubly lucky. I even want to hum a popular song to the quadrangle: Let me take a look at you again ... There are indeed star-rated hotels in Beijing that are modeled after the quadrangle, namely the Sleeping Buddha Temple Hotel at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain. It's all bungalows with patios. There are no carpets and Simmons in the room, but wooden beds, rattan chairs and wooden furniture in Ming and Qing dynasties. Antique architecture, deliberately take care of guests and have a traditional dream. I had a meeting there for a week, but I couldn't find the feeling of living in the square yard. It seems that this is the difference between cultural relics and fakes. The real quadrangle is not a form, it has more ancient contents. There are too many things in this simple box. Dazhaimen is the best hutong in old Beijing quadrangles. It can be said that it is a mixed bag. There are dilapidated courtyards where prostitutes such as camel Xiangzi live, and there are also many luxury houses of princes and nobles. What's the difference along the way? Mainly to see its gatehouse. Because the quadrangle that deliberately protects the privacy of residents is closed, once the door is locked, it will be watertight. Even if the door of the house is unlocked or open, it is difficult for you to recognize the true face of Lushan Mountain, and there is usually a shadow wall as the second line of defense to block the sight of outsiders. There are many kinds of gatehouses in quadrangles with different names, such as Qingshuiling, Taoist Hat, Flower Wall Gate and Foreign Gate. However, the architectural forms of doors are divided into wall doors and house doors, and wall doors are relatively thin. Undoubtedly belongs to the poor; The space of the door of the house is more three-dimensional (equivalent to the area of building a room), and there are decorative accessories such as chatting, doornails, doorpiers and stone steps. The door of a really big house must belong to the latter. If you find a quadrangle with a stone in front, its original owner must be an official. Not only for personal use, but also convenient for colleagues who come to visit. The military attache gets on the horse here, and the civilian takes the sedan chair here. Unfortunately, now, all the doors are empty. The pier of the mansion gate, also called door pillow or door drum, is rectangular and drum-shaped, and is generally carved into various patterns and patterns with stones (and a few wooden ones). Occasionally you can see the door pillows carved with stone lions, which shows that this is the former palace. No matter how rich a family without a title is, they dare not hire a stone lion to guard the door. This is called "ultra vires" and will be punished from confiscation of property to beheading. Therefore, even if you don't enter the door, you can roughly judge the family background and identity of the owner only from the scale and momentum of the door. Of course, I mean its old owner. I'm talking about its past. It should also be emphasized that the "big house door" that people often casually talk about now (there is a popular TV series called "big house door") cannot be simply understood as "the house door of a big family." "Zhaimen" also has a specific meaning, which refers to a house with many courtyards (that is, a duplex senior quadrangle), which is different from the quadrangle with only four rooms in the east, west, north and south. The gate of a mansion can be divided into front yard, backyard and even more courtyards, and there is a luxurious back garden. Living in front of the house is naturally a large family with a prosperous population. Some are still "four generations under one roof". What is the hanging flower door and why does it constitute the symbol of the house door? The hanging flower door consists of a hanging lotus column with lotus bud-shaped beads carved at the end, which looks like an elegant pavilion, but has a screen door that can be opened and closed. It is the core of the house door, because it separates the inner room from the outer room. Ordinary guests are not allowed to enter the backyard through the hanging flower gate (which belongs to the private space of the host family), and most of them can only stay in the first yard as an outhouse. With the concept of modern real estate, the living room belongs to the living room and the master bedroom belongs to the master bedroom, which is orderly and distinct. Listen to expert Geng Zhao's detailed explanation: "As the saying goes, the door of a good family can't get out, and the second door is the hanging flower door in the house door. "Using hanging lotus columns to deepen the eaves does not occupy the ground and meets the functional requirements of the second door. Women need some space to say hello, salute and say goodbye here. If two eaves columns fall to the ground, the floor in front of the door will be greatly restricted. With the lotus columns that don't fall to the ground, the ground will be much spacious. There is a roof with sunshade and rain protection, plus gorgeous hanging doors, the environment and atmosphere are very suitable ... "It can be seen that without hanging doors, it is not a big house door. It is the most poetic part of the gate of the mansion, which can be called its soul. If you want to know the flavor of old Beijing in depth, you must have skills: you must not only master certain historical knowledge, but also be interested in the ancient architectural art of China. It is best to come prepared, but you may wish to make up lessons while visiting. Pomegranate Tree with a ceiling fish tank is a scene of a quadrangle. But the most powerful mansion door despises pomegranate trees and plants begonia trees. It also robbed a petty bourgeoisie goldfish bowl and dug a simulated pond on the spot. Noble manners are incomparable to ordinary people. Big house door, big house door, with a shrewd chest, unfathomable. So hidden dragons lurk tigers. No one is idle in and out. On the stage where flowers bloom and fall, I have interpreted countless prosperity and joys and sorrows. It can also be counted as a feud between giants. Lao She's "Four Generations under One roof" should take place in the mansion gate. Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions is also a story of a mansion. Rong and Ning are both big houses that are qualified to install stone doors. Near Hufang Bridge, Yuewei Caotang (now Jinyang Hotel) in Ji Xiaolan belongs to a scholarly family in the cultural sense. The Qing Dynasty college student and etiquette minister, who was highly valued by Emperor Qianlong, wrote the famous Notes of Yuewei Caotang here. Prince Gong's Mansion and Regent's Mansion are big houses with less than one person and more than ten thousand people. 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