After the founding of New China, there are many things to be done, and all aspects lack construction experience. On the premise that the west completely blockades China, we can only learn from the big brother of the Soviet Union.
To this end, from the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) to the completion of the three major transformations, China sent a large number of delegations to the Soviet Union to study and study. There are organizations and individuals, cadres and skilled workers, and a large number of international students. From 1950s to 1960s, China sent more than 8,000 overseas students to the Soviet Union and 1000 overseas students to socialist countries such as Eastern Europe, so that these people could build a new China in the future.
"The world is yours and ours, but in the final analysis it is yours. You young people are full of vigor and vitality, in the prime of life, like the sun at eight or nine o'clock in the morning. Hope is pinned on you. " This is the first sentence of Chairman Mao's speech in the auditorium of Moscow University, which excited all international students. I have to say that in those days, the "centripetal force" of intellectual youth was really strong.
1April, 955, the delegation set off again, just as the Soviet Union's "Reclamation Movement" was in full swing. The delegation fully understood the "Reclamation Movement" and the significance of the Soviet Reclamation Movement-solving employment and increasing grain output. Immediately after returning, he made a comprehensive report, which was affirmed by Chairman Mao.
In August of that year, 60 young people organized a reclamation team and put it into practice in the wilderness of Heilongjiang. In just half a month, they reclaimed wasteland 1.200 mu, and the next year they produced 1.35 thousand Jin of grain and 300 thousand Jin of vegetables. Immediately, Hebei, Shandong, Zhejiang and Shanghai all requested to "participate in the war".
If the "going to the countryside" before 1968 was only a small-scale "pilot", then after 1968, the China version of the "Reclamation Movement" with educated youth as the main force was vigorously launched all over the country. At this time, our relationship with eldest brother has broken down, and eldest brother is clamoring for "surgery".
As a result, Chairman Mao issued a series of slogans to the whole country, such as "come at once, fight when you come, win when you fight" and "prepare for famine for the people". At the same time, Chairman Mao put forward the view that it is necessary for educated youth to go to the countryside and receive re-education from poor middle peasants.
After 1968, going to the countryside was no longer limited to the farm mode, and the word "jumping the queue" began to enter the historical stage.
In the next decade, although there were both large-scale inflows of rural population and large-scale outflows of urban population, words such as "jumping the queue", "going to the countryside" and "educated youth" undoubtedly became the loudest symbols of that era. Slogans such as "training the heart in the vast world, taking root in the countryside and doing revolution", "Great achievements in the vast world" and "going to the countryside, the frontier and the places where the motherland needs it most" have also become the glorious imprint of that era.
I believe that many old people at home talk about this place, and they are more emotional and perhaps still excited.
In the past ten years, the number of young intellectuals who jumped the queue has reached more than160,000, while the whole movement of going to the countryside has reached more than 20 million, which has truly practiced the line of coming from the masses and going to the masses.
"Going to the countryside" not only eased the employment pressure in cities and towns. Most of the young intellectuals have "mingled" with the workers and peasants and scattered their hard work and sweat on the land. They have developed a tough and diligent character. At that time, the educated youth who jumped the queue together, like their comrades-in-arms now, had a deep friendship. Going to the countryside is an unforgettable life experience, and it has also changed the life track of most people.
Chairman Mao said that "rolling in the mud and refining a red heart" was his old man's expectation for educated youth. Chairman Mao's words will never be out of date. Now it is particularly important for China people to "cultivate a pure heart" and respond to the call of the country. This is also where we should learn from the educated youth of that era.
Second, "going to the countryside" in the new period.
Recently, the state issued the "Opinions on Promoting Urbanization with Counties as an Important Carrier", which is of great significance.
Urbanization rate is an important symbol to measure the degree of modernization of a country.
According to relevant data, the urbanization rate of China in 20021year was close to 65%, which was in the middle and upper reaches of the world. Twenty years ago, the urbanization rate of China was only 36%. Later, with the development of golden decade, the urbanization rate of China increased by 10 point.
The increasing urbanization rate means that a large number of people will flock from rural areas to cities.
However, in the whole process of "urbanization", it is not only the counties and towns that bear the population transfer, but many people have poured into the urban areas. The influx of population has caused urban congestion, which can be seen not only in first-and second-tier cities, but also in third-and fourth-tier cities. Coupled with the existence of "siphon effect", it has caused a shortage of talents in small cities.
For this, the country has long seen it. Right has been emphasizing "new urbanization" since 20 14. The core of new urbanization is people-oriented, the method is overall planning, and the principle is coordination, which is clearly emphasized in the 20 19 government work report.
First of all, the purpose of urbanization is to transfer rural surplus labor force to cities first, and then to urbanization, but the problem now is the massive loss of rural population. This will only widen the gap between rural areas and towns.
In order to solve this problem, the state has put forward the strategy of "rural revitalization" and encouraged "educated youth" to go home and build their own hometown. Solving the problems concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers is an indispensable step for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Even though we are a big industrial country now, agriculture is equally important, and agriculture is the foundation and lifeline of a country's development.
Secondly, as a "transit station" connecting urban areas and towns, county towns have played a connecting role in this process. The construction of counties and towns will ease the pressure in urban areas and provide more employment opportunities for more people. If we say that in the past few decades, our development was "extensive", because we need to improve the overall strength of the country first, and in the next few decades, we should emphasize "quality" and go back and solve individual problems in economic development on the premise of sustained growth.
Furthermore, the urbanization development with the county as the carrier is also to further expand the domestic demand in China and make the "supermarket" bigger and stronger. Fully tapping the market potential of counties and towns echoes the policy of building a "national unified market" some time ago.
According to statistics, at the end of 20021,the permanent population of cities and towns in China was 900 million. Among them, 1472 counties have a permanent population of about1600,000, and 394 county-level cities have a permanent population of about 90 million. The population of counties and county-level cities accounts for nearly 30% of the permanent population of cities and towns in China. However, with such a large base, the per capita consumption expenditure is only two-thirds of that of cities at or above the prefecture level, which shows that the market still has great potential.
Third, the meaning of "going to the countryside"
After talking about the national level, what kind of impact will it have on individuals?
Personally, taking the county town as the center, the employment opportunities in the county town will definitely increase greatly, and the population will also flow "reversely". Policy attraction will allow more people to settle in the county, which also means that the number of jobs in the city will be reduced or saturated. In a sense, this is equivalent to the "going to the countryside" movement in the new period. Only in this way can we invest a steady stream of talents in the urbanization construction of the county.
In addition to the above, we still have to put this move in the international context.
The current Russian-Ukrainian war has opened Pandora's box for mankind. The purpose of the United States is obvious, that is, to consume Russia, and then concentrate all its strength against China, so as to maintain its world hegemony. At present, the United States has completed the internal integration of the younger brother. Since the end of the Cold War, the United States has once again successfully tied European countries to its warships, and their future attack will focus on traditional security and non-traditional security, achieving a high degree of unity.
Faced with such a "severe" international environment, China must make preparations in two aspects.
First, continue to develop the domestic economy, integrate domestic resources and stimulate sustained economic growth; The second is to make strategic preparations for cutting with the West at any time.
When the external circulation is trapped, the function of the internal circulation is self-evident. At present, as far as China is concerned, the most important thing is the time when the western goals are already very clear. In the limited time, we must mobilize all available resources and prepare for the lowest internal circulation.
Finally, county-centered urbanization is a long-term strategy, and the state will inevitably introduce supporting measures to ensure the implementation and enforcement of this policy. For example, how to increase employment opportunities, how to realize industrial transfer or transformation in county towns, and how to establish a good business environment, including raising construction funds and financing.
To tell the truth, in the urbanization construction in the past few decades, many times, the county town played a role of "blood transfusion" to the city, but its hematopoietic capacity was not strong. How to change this situation in the future still has a long way to go, and it also requires all enthusiastic educated youth to join in the action of building their hometown like the "third generation".