Hongqi Canal is a national 5A-level tourist attraction and a national key cultural relic protection unit, and is known as "the eighth wonder of the world". Like a jade belt, it winds on the mountainside of the majestic Taihang Mountain, conveying gurgling clear water from Zhangzhuohe River in Pingshun County, Changzhi, Shanxi Province to Linzhou City, nourishing the hearts of millions of people in Linzhou.
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Linzhou was called Linxian county before 1994, which is located at the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain in the northernmost part of Henan Province and at the junction of Henan, Shanxi and Hebei provinces. In the past, Lin County was a place where water resources were extremely short. Ten years and nine droughts here, a drop of water is more precious than a drop of oil. Although there are four rivers in Linxian County, namely Zhangzhuo River, Huan River, Xihe River and Qihe River, these rivers are either seasonal rivers or "passing by" Linxian County, which makes it difficult for people in Linxian County to benefit.
At the same time, Linxian county belongs to the transitional zone between the eastern edge of the Loess Plateau and the North China Plain, and its crust is very broken. God "favors" a heavy rain, which will soon seep into the ground or run away.
Historically, Linxian County often suffered from drought and destruction.
In Xiaozhai Village, Hejian Town, Linxian County, there is a barren year monument, which records the tragic scene of the drought in Linxian County in 1877: "Recalling the tragic year, I am sad and reminded, suffering from the same disaster, Shanxi and Henan, I am poor in Lin Yi ..., the population has no food, ten rooms, two cities. And while one man guards it, yesterday Zhang today Li; The father abandoned his son, which is the East and the West. Eating human flesh to satisfy hunger, a dead end, a corpse without meat, uncovering elm bark to fill the stomach, entering the village without skin, from winter to spring, from spring to summer, about seven people died ... "
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1949 After the liberation of Linxian County, water conservancy projects such as Xiong Ying Canal, Qihe Canal, Nangudong Reservoir and Gongshang Reservoir were built, which alleviated the water shortage in Linxian County to some extent, but did not solve the water problem. Once there is a long drought, people will take water from far away to eat.
1995 edition of "Red Flag Canal Records" records that in 1950s and 1960s, 307 of 550 administrative villages in Linxian County had difficulties in drinking water all the year round, among which 100 administrative villages required people to carry water to eat 5 kilometers away. Crops are also affected. Due to frequent droughts, the grain output in Linxian County is extremely low, with an acre yield of only 200 Jin, which is only one-third and one-fourth of that in the southern region. The grain output is not enough, and the people can only live a "half-year" life.
1959, there was another drought in Linxian county. In June, the drought became more and more serious. Yang Gui, then the first secretary of Linxian County Committee, couldn't sit still. Together with Li Gui, the county magistrate, and Li, the secretary of the county party committee, each led a team to go upstream along the three rivers, Qihe River and Xihe River, looking for a stable water source. After their field trip, they found that Qihe River and Xihe River were small enough for the people in Linxian County. Only Zhangzhuohe River, located in Pingshun County, Changzhi, Shanxi Province, is rich in water with an annual runoff of 730 million cubic meters.
Zhang Zhuo is the largest river in Changzhi City, which flows through Shanxi, Henan, Hebei and other provinces and is one of the tributaries of Zhanghe River. However, when Zhang Zhuohe was in Pingshun County, the flow was very large, but when he arrived in Linxian County, it became a seasonal river, with only the flow in flood season. Do you find it irritating?
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It is a happy thing that the water source has been found. Linxian county soon decided to "lead Zhang into the forest" project-this is later the world-famous "Red Flag Canal". However, if you want to bring water to Linxian by building channels, you will face more and more difficulties.
First, economic difficulties. At that time, the whole country was facing a national food shortage, and Henan Province was no exception. Xinxiang prefectural party Committee said in its reply: "Linxian county can consider whether to build this project according to its own financial and human resources." This means that the construction of the Hongqi Canal in Linxian County is almost entirely self-reliant.
The second is territorial difficulties. The source of Hongqi Canal is located in Pingshun County and belongs to Shanxi Province. Linxian county should divert water from Pingshun county. Do people promise? Are you willing to cooperate?
The third is the difficulty of construction. The biggest obstacle of Hongqi Canal is Taihang Mountain. Taihang Mountain spans more than 400 kilometers, with an altitude of two or three kilometers, and there are cliffs everywhere. In that era when the "infrastructure frenzy" had not been heard, it was difficult to build such a huge water conservancy project. Many people are questioning, even a group of people in Linxian County Committee are sweating. Yang Gui said more than once: "Once the Hongqi Canal is not repaired, I will jump off the Taihang Mountain and apologize to the people of Linxian County." This sounds extremely tragic and reflects the practical difficulties faced by the construction of Hongqi Canal.
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"The method is always more difficult than the reality." Lack of financial resources, Linxian launched the county people to save money to support the Hongqi Canal. Tens of thousands of canal repair troops brought their own shovels, shovels and trolleys to the construction site. Later, according to statistics, the total investment of Hongqi Canal was 6.5438+0.2504 million yuan, of which the state invested 46.25 million yuan, accounting for 37%, and the commune team invested 78.78 million yuan, accounting for 63%.
Territorial difficulties, Lin county magistrate to discuss with Pingshun County, Pingshun County agreed without saying anything. Lin Li, then secretary of Pingshun County Party Committee, put it well, we "should know the general situation, take care of the overall situation, and make unified arrangements". Not only that, in the process of building the Hongqi Canal, Pingshun County gave great help from top to bottom and wrote a touching story.
The construction was difficult, and Linxian invented various "coup". In order to "tame" the hard rock wall of Taihang Mountain, explosives are essential. Kelin county didn't have enough money to buy enough explosives, so it reformed ammonium nitrate fertilizer originally used for agriculture and produced hundreds of tons of explosives by indigenous methods.
1960 In February, the people of Linxian county shouted the slogan "Let Taihang Mountain bow its head and let Zhang Zhuo listen" and launched a tough battle to build the Hongqi Canal. After five years' efforts, the main canal of Hongqi Canal was opened on April 5th 1965. 1April, 966, three main canals were completed at the same time. 1969 All main canals, branch canals and bucket canals of Hongqi Canal were completed. At this point, an irrigation system with Hongqi Canal as the main body has basically taken shape. ...
During the period of 10, the construction army made arduous efforts and even paid the price of life:1* * 81cadres and masses died on the site of Hongqi Canal. During the period of 10, the PLA leveled 1250 hills and erected them under the harsh conditions of lacking modern machinery and equipment. Aqueduct 15 1, tunnel 2 1 1, building 12408, with 22.25 million cubic meters of earthwork.
After the Hongqi Canal was repaired, the sweet and turbid Zhanghe River water flowed along the Hongqi Canal to the land in Linxian County, which solved the draught problem of 567,000 people and 370,000 livestock and the irrigation problem of 540,000 mu of cultivated land. The grain output has greatly increased, from 200 Jin per mu at the beginning to 953 Jin per year in199/kloc-0. Completely changed the fate of drought and water shortage in Linxian County. Until today, Hongqi Canal still plays an important role.
Think about the source of drinking water. The people of Linxian County have not forgotten Yang Gui's contribution. There is a local saying that there is Dujiangyan in the south and Hongqi Canal in the north. In ancient times, there was Li Bing, but now there is Yang Guifei.
"People in Linxian County have lofty aspirations and vowed to reorganize the rivers and mountains ..."1971year, the documentary "Red Flag Canal" was released, which spread the Red Flag Canal all over China and impressed the spirit of the Red Flag Canal deeply in many people's hearts. Today, many Chinese and foreign tourists came to Hongqi Canal to witness the spirit of "Dare to call the sun and the moon for a new day", which warmed up the local tourism industry.