A brief history of Britain: Iberians from the Mediterranean, cyclists and Celts came to Britain one after another in BC. 1-In the 5th century, the southeast of Great Britain was ruled by the Roman Empire. After the Romans retreated, the Angles, Saxons and Jutes in Northern Europe invaded and settled in succession. The feudal system began to form in the 7th century, and many small countries merged into seven kingdoms, contending for hegemony for 200 years, which is known as the "Anglo-Saxon era". In 829, King Egbert of Wessex unified England. It was invaded by the Danes at the end of the 8th century, and from 10 16 to 1042, it was a part of the Danish pirate empire. The Duke of Normandy crossed the sea to conquer England in 1066 after the short-term rule of the English king. 12 15 King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta and his kingship was suppressed. From 1338 to 1453, Britain and France fought a "hundred-year war", and Britain won first and then lost. 1588 defeated the Spanish "Armada" and established maritime hegemony. 1640, Britain was the first bourgeois revolution in the world and became the pioneer of bourgeois revolution. 1May 649 19, the Republic of China was proclaimed. 1660 restored the dynasty, 1668 witnessed a "glorious revolution" and established a constitutional monarchy. England 1707 merged with Scotland, 180 1 merged with Ireland. /kloc-from the second half of the 8th century to the first half of the 9th century, it became the first country in the world to complete the industrial revolution. /kloc-the 0/9th century was the heyday of the British Empire. 19 14 years, the occupied colony was11times larger than the mainland, and it was the first colonial power, claiming to be "imperial". It began to decline after the First World War. Britain established Northern Ireland in 1920, and allowed South Ireland to break away from the rule of 192 1 922 and establish an independent country. 193 1 year promulgated the Westminster act, which forced the autonomous territories to be independent in internal affairs and diplomacy, and the colonial system of the British empire was shaken. In World War II, the economic strength was greatly weakened and the political status declined. With the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, the British colonial system collapsed in the 1960s. 1973 65438+ 10 joined the European body in October.

A brief history of America: originally inhabited by Indians. /kloc-At the end of 0/5, Spain, the Netherlands, France and Britain began to immigrate to North America. Britain came from behind, and by 1773, Britain had established 13 colonies. 1775, the American people's war of independence against the British colonists broke out. 1776 On July 4th, the Second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army was formed, with George Washington as the commander-in-chief. The Declaration of Independence was adopted and the United States of America was formally established. The war of independence ended in 1783, the federal constitution was formulated in 1787 and George Washington was elected as the first president in 1788. After 18 12, she got rid of British rule completely. 1860, abraham lincoln, a Republican who opposed slavery, was elected president. 1862 After the publication of The Emancipation Proclamation in September, the slave owners in the south rebelled and the civil war broke out. 1865, the war ended in victory in the north, thus clearing the way for the rapid development of American capitalism. /kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, with the development of capitalism, the United States began to expand abroad. In the 100 years after 1776, the territory of the United States almost expanded by 10 times. After World War II, American national strength increased greatly.

A brief history of Ireland: In 3000 BC, immigrants from continental Europe began to settle in Ireland. In 432 AD, Saint Patrick came here to spread Christianity and Roman culture. /kloc-entered the feudal society in the 0/2 century. 1 169 was invaded by Britain. 1 17 1 year, King Henry II of England established his sovereignty over love. From 154 1, the king of England became the king of Ireland. /kloc-in 0/800, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was established by signing the Treaty of Alliance with Britain, which was completely annexed by Britain. The Great Famine in Ireland occurred from 1845 to 1849, and about 1 10,000 Irish people either starved to death or died of illness. Another 1 10,000 people fled to England, North America or Australasia. These 2 million people only account for a quarter of the population of Ireland 1845. An anti-British "Easter Uprising" broke out in Dublin. With the upsurge of Irish national independence movement, the British government and Ireland signed the Anglo-Irish Treaty in February 192 165438, allowing 26 counties in southern Ireland to establish "free states" and enjoy autonomy. Six northern counties (now Northern Ireland) still belong to Britain. 1937, the Irish Constitution declared the "Free State" as a republic, but it still belongs to the Commonwealth. 1948 65438+February 2 1, the Irish parliament passed a law to declare its secession from the Commonwealth. 1April 949 18, Britain acknowledged its love for independence, but refused to return it to six northern counties. After Ireland's independence, successive Irish governments have made it an established policy to realize the reunification of Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland. In September 2005, the International Independent Commission announced that the Irish Peace Corps had completely disarmed and joined the peace process.

A brief history of Australia: Australia was originally inhabited by aborigines. /kloc-Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands arrived here at the beginning of the 0/7th century. 1770, British captain Cook led a fleet to the east coast of Australia and declared it a British colony. 1788 Philip, a British navigator, led the first group of immigrants (including 736 exiles) to settle near Sydney. This used to be a British exile, and later freemen moved here one after another. /kloc-By the end of 0/9, Britain had established six colonies. 1900 In July, the British Parliament passed the Australian Federal Constitution. On June19010/day, the Australian colony was changed into a state to form the Australian Federation and became a British dominion. The British Parliament passed the Westminster Act, 193 1, and Australia gained autonomy in internal affairs and foreign affairs and became an independent country of the Commonwealth.

A brief history of Canada: originally inhabited by Indians and Inuit. /kloc-It became a colony of France and Britain in the 6th century and was ceded to Britain by France. 1867, Britain merged Canada, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia into a federation, becoming the earliest dominion in Britain. Since then, other provinces have joined the Federation. From 65438 to 0926, Britain recognized Canada's "equal status" and Canada gained diplomatic independence. 193 1 became a member of the Commonwealth, and its parliament gained equal legislative power with the British parliament, but it still has no right to amend the constitution. 1982, the Queen of England signed the Canadian Constitution Act, giving the Canadian Parliament full power to formulate and amend the Constitution.

A brief history of New Zealand: Maori are the first residents of New Zealand. In the14th century, Maori came to settle in New Zealand from Polynesia and became the earliest inhabitants of New Zealand. They were named after the Polynesian language "aotearoa", which means "green land with white clouds blossoming". 1642, Dutch navigator abel tasman landed here and named it "New Zeeland". From 1769 to 1777, Captain james cook, an Englishman, visited New Zealand five times and made surveys and maps. Since then, a large number of British immigrants have come here, and announced the occupation of New Zealand, changing the Dutch name "New Zeeland" of the island into English "New Zeeland". 1840, Britain forced Maori chiefs to sign the Treaty of Waitangi, and this land was incorporated into the territory of the British Empire. 1907 Britain was forced to agree to New Zealand's independence and become a Commonwealth dominion, and its politics, economy and diplomacy were still under British control. 193 1 year, the British Parliament passed the Westminster Act. According to this Act, New Zealand gained full autonomy in 1947 and retained its membership in the Commonwealth.