In the history of thousands of years in our country, war is the product of various class contradictions and social contradictions, and it is also a common solution in political struggle. In ancient wars, there were many wonderful scenes of ancient wars. ..... The two sides lined up and fought. First, they declared slogans and insulted each other's unjust "war of words", and then when they scolded no one, the generals of both sides rose from "fighting wisdom" in their mouths to "fighting courage" in their fists. The two sides sent representatives of soldiers, raised combat weapons and rushed at each other on horseback, ranging from a few rounds to hundreds of rounds. When the leader of one side will be defeated, the other side will cover up the past, and the defeated side will abandon its helmet and flee in an instant. This is the most impressive and familiar scene in ancient wars. But was the ancient war really like this? The answer is no, war is a very serious matter and a very risky one. It is very important for both the enemy and us. It is by no means such a simple and risky way. The two generals will fight one-on-one and then the brigade will flank. First of all, as a military general, the training cost is very high. Secondly, war is not a fight, and fighting for the value of force is not a joke. Third, in the army, the general's talent is often a scarce resource, which will be difficult to find. Since the commander of an army is so important in an army, how can it be possible to gamble the outcome of a war with the commander's life at the beginning of the war? The answer is obviously impossible. In the historical period of cold weapons, when the two sides of the battle encounter head-on combat, it can only be close combat. At this time, the brave will win in the narrow road. Which side has braver soldiers, more people and better terrain, and of course it is easier to win the war. In such a war, although the commander-in-chief of the First Army needs to command the whole army to take the lead and fight hard, the commander-in-chief is not the first to run, but often in the middle and front of the army, which can not only reduce the risk of casualties, but also facilitate the transmission of operational orders to the whole army and monitor the escape and retreat of the rear troops. The two armies are fighting head-on, and the soldiers in front are the first to charge, and the risk of casualties is also the greatest. So who will be the biggest risk in an army? That is, give enemy soldiers captured in previous battles a test opportunity, form a "death squad", rush to the front of the troops, and give them a chance to make meritorious deeds, so as to increase the combat effectiveness of their own troops and expand their ranks. Although this position is risky, if they are lucky enough to fight until the end of this battle, the reward after meritorious service is also great. Another battle also tested the psychological quality and courage of soldiers and generals. After the battle begins, there will be casualties, both enemies and comrades-in-arms, and there will be injuries, bloodshed and death. The so-called death, never give up until the end of the battle, until the last person dies, almost impossible to appear. Moreover, human physical strength is limited. In a state of high concentration and nervous tension, it is almost impossible for a soldier to persist in fighting for two hours in the face of fighting and sprinting between the enemy and ourselves. So in the middle of the battle, a large number of people were killed, and the morale of the enemy and ourselves was very different, that is, at the end of the battle, the party with low morale basically chose to retreat and escape involuntarily. Infantry combat In the era of cold weapons war, infantry is undoubtedly the largest arms, because the equipment required by infantry is simple and the skills of soldiers are relatively low. The key is that there are many people. The role of infantry in positional warfare is mainly to maintain the pre-arranged formation of the army, hinder the enemy's attack, maintain the majestic military deterrent of our army, and form an overwhelming sense of oppression on the enemy. Infantry mobility is actually very weak, mainly for defense. For example, when the enemy forces rush to kill them, the infantry can kill them in turn with bows and arrows or rows of throwing weapons, and defend them with protective tools such as shields to reduce the casualties of our army. Cavalry combat cavalry is the elite force of an army. First of all, a good war horse is a very huge capital of an army, and the number of war horses is also the main embodiment of the combat effectiveness of a cavalry team. The main function of cavalry is to break through the enemy's camp from the enemy's flank or the weak link of infantry and break the enemy's existing defense ability. Or sprint to the rear of the enemy quickly, form a siege of the enemy, and shoot the enemy with its flexible mobility. Oppressing and deterring the enemy, forcing them to surrender, etc. Because of the living habits and the origin of horses, the cavalry of the northern Hu people are often stronger than the cavalry of the Central Plains. Before gunpowder was used in the battlefield, cavalry basically had no good defense methods. Half of them used trenches, deep pits, traps, horse ropes, spears, multi-layer fences and shields for a certain degree of defense, but in the face of the impact of a large number of cavalry, except for large and deep trenches, they basically did not have much effect. With the speed and mobility of cavalry, we can break through these defenses soon. Cavalry is divided into heavy cavalry and light cavalry. Heavy cavalry is a cavalry with relatively perfect armor and heavy assassination weapons. The role of heavy cavalry focuses on breaking through enemy camps, while light cavalry has no heavy armor and heavy weapons. Their focus is on causing heavy casualties of the enemy and pursuing the enemy to achieve greater results. In addition, before the Wei and Jin Dynasties, cavalry mostly used bows and arrows and broadsword weapons, using the mobility and speed of war horses to fight, and few cavalry killed each other. Because there was no stirrup before, it was difficult for soldiers riding horses to form a second assassination that was ready except when the horses were intertwined. After all, there is no stirrup, and the feet are suspended without center of gravity. When stirrups appeared and were applied to the battlefield, cavalry soldiers were liberated because of their feet, so they could better control their weapons and exert their physical strength to fight and kill immediately. The weapons and equipment used are mainly to attack the city and plunder the land, and capture the camps and fortresses. This mode of operation is also the most striking war strategy. Sun Tzu's Art of War said, "Go to the army to plan, then break the enemy, then break the army and attack the city from below", which brought the greatest casualties and costs. In the face of a particularly stubborn enemy, we must take the last resort in despair. Ladders, bows and arrows, crossbows, throwing weapons, building mobile platforms and heavy carts are all instruments used by attackers. For those who let go, it is mainly moat, moat, rolling stone, hot oil, boiling water and so on. There is no particularly good way to attack the city with this kind of positional warfare equipment. In fact, it is to try their best to break through the city gate and open the gap in the city wall, so as to provide conditions for the subsequent attack by large forces. But the most terrible thing is that when I finally broke through the gate and rushed in, I found it was an urn, which is the city in the city. After rushing in, I was still faced with a high wall, and the enemy was still directing the attack on the wall to panic. In many cold weapons operations, the above are just some conventional positional warfare methods, but in actual operations, in order to ensure a greater chance of winning, frontal positional warfare is often avoided. Using various war strategies according to time and place, Sun Tzu's Art of War said: "The world is the best, and breaking the country is the second; The whole army is the best, followed by Pojun; The whole brigade is the best, followed by the broken brigade. "This shows that since ancient times, military strategists have been trying to reduce casualties as much as possible and achieved the goal of ultimate victory. In the case that war is inevitable, we should also find ways to use military strategies to ensure that we can minimize casualties and increase the success rate of battle victory. For example, the transfer from east to west, the transfer of tigers from mountains, and so on. Use your superior forces to surround the enemy's weak forces, thus creating a winning opportunity to win more with less, win the strong with weakness, and break them one by one. Of course, when the enemy is stubborn and difficult to break, sometimes some very cruel means of war are used to kill the enemy on a large scale, such as burning, flooding and poisoning, which can not only kill the enemy on a large scale, but also protect our army and reduce casualties. We should also make full use of natural environmental factors such as topography, weather, water source and wind direction. There are still many places to explore and dig deep into the war mode and operational details in the cold weapon era. As space is limited, we can talk about it next time.