1, Zulu Northern Expedition in Eastern Jin Dynasty

At that time, the Eastern Jin regime had just been established, and people exiled from the north to the south of the Yangtze River went north one after another to recover their homes. At that time, Si Marui never had the ambition of the Northern Expedition. He listened to Zu Ti's words and appointed Zu Ti as General Wei Fen and the secretariat of Yuzhou. Only he 1000 people were given food rations and 3,000 pieces of cloth, and no weapons were supplied, so Zu Ti could find a way to support himself. Zu Ti led his own private army * * * 100 families to cross the Yangtze River, build furnaces to smelt and cast weapons, and recruited more than 2,000 people to move on. The Northern Expeditionary Army led by Zu Ti recovered a large area of lost land south of the Yellow River, which lasted for four years (32 1). Just as Zu Ti was preparing to March into Hebei, the Eastern Jin court sent Dai Yuan as the commander-in-chief of the military headquarters of the six northern countries, which curbed the rear road of the army. Enthusiastic Zu Ti became angry from embarrassment, fell ill and died in the army. Northern territory was acquired by the post-Zhao Xerox.

2. The Northern Expedition of Huan Wen in Eastern Jin Dynasty

After the failure of Zulu's Northern Expedition, Huan Wen, a powerful minister in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, also made a Northern Expedition in order to make contributions and establish his prestige in the imperial court. In the third year of Yonghe (347), he led an army into Shu and destroyed the Han State of Miao Li, which made him famous. Later, he made three northern expeditions. The first time was in Yonghe ten years (354). He personally rode more than 40,000 people, and even broke the border army and reached Bashang (now Chang 'an East, Shaanxi Province). Huan Wen failed to conquer Chang 'an, and returned to Xiangyang for lack of rations. The second Northern Expedition was in the twelfth year of Yonghe (356), when Huan Wen defeated Yao Xiang, an aristocrat of Qiang nationality, and recovered Luoyang. Huan Wen suggested to Jin that Luoyang should also be the capital; Huan Wen's suggestion was not adopted. The third Northern Expedition was in the fourth year of Taihe (369). Huan Wen led 50,000 people to defeat the former Yan Jun army and arrived at Fangtou (now Xunxian County, Henan Province). However, Yan Qian got the support of the former Qin Dynasty, cut off the route of providing foodstuff for the Jin Army, and finally led to the failure of the Northern Expedition.

3. The Northern Expedition of Emperor Wu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty

At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Northern Dynasty controlled the political affairs. The Xianbei Murong Nanyan regime, which occupied Shandong, invaded the border of the Eastern Jin Dynasty several times when the Eastern Jin Dynasty was in decline and chaos. In February of the fifth year of Yixi (409), Murong Chao plundered the Huai River and the Northern Expedition led by Emperor Wu of Song. In April, he led the water army from Jiankang to the north, along the Huaihe River, through Daxian (now Yishui, Shandong Province), and the following year, he attacked Guanggu, the capital of Southern Yan (now Yidu, Shandong Province), recovered Qingzhou and Yanzhou, captured Murong Chao alive, and beheaded Jiankang. In the ninth year (4 13), Qiao Zongxi attacked and Bashu recovered. In the 12th year (4 16), Yao Xing, king of Qin, died of illness, and his son Yao and his brother killed each other. Chang 'an left-behind troops fought internally, and Helian Bobo, the master of Xia Dynasty, seized Guanzhong. Although Liu Yizhen was forced to withdraw from Chang 'an, it was the territory of the Southern Dynasties from the east of Tongguan to the south of the Yellow River to Qingzhou. The Jianghuai Valley was guaranteed, and Emperor Wu of Song's reputation in the imperial court reached its peak, thus realizing the Zen position.

4. Yuanjia Northern Expedition in Liu Yilong, Song Wendi

Liu Song made two large-scale northern expeditions in the 7th year of Yuanjia (430) and the 27th year of Yuanjia (450). In every Northern Expedition, Song Jun used the rainy season in spring and summer to advance northward, quickly captured the important towns along the Yellow River, and then stationed along the river. After Yuan Jia led Henan in the seven-year war, he set up Luoyang, Tiger Prison, Sliding Platform and Jia in Henan. However, when the autumn was crisp and the horses were fat, the northern Wei Dynasty fighters rode south and the defense line along the river quickly collapsed, so both northern expeditions ended in failure. Because the country name of Song Wendi is Yuanjia, this large-scale Northern Expedition is called Yuanjia Northern Expedition.

5. Northern Expedition of Hantuo Prefecture in Southern Song Dynasty.

During the period of Ningzong in the Southern Song Dynasty, Han Yazhou's northern expedition was celebrated for two years, and Han Yazhou rushed to the northern expedition and soon failed. The failure of the Northern Expedition made Hantuo a target of public criticism. His political opponents used this to form an alliance with the main pacifists and the opposition in South Korea. The Jin people regard killing Han Yazhou as one of the conditions for peace talks. On November 3rd, the third year of the Jubilee, and others, with the support of Queen Yang, forged a secret order? Han Biaozhou killed him and sent his head to Xu Jinguo.

6. Yuefei Northern Expedition in Southern Song Dynasty

Yue Fei defeated the rebel Li Cheng, and Song Shaoxing regained Xiangyang in four years (1 134). They went north and recovered Dengzhou, Tang Zhou and Xinyang from the puppet troops. In the tenth year of Shaoxing (1 140), Yue Fei went north from Xiangyang, and successively recovered Yingchang (now Xuchang, Henan), Huaining (now Huaiyang, Henan) and Zhengzhou, and cooperated with Li Xing, who resisted gold behind enemy lines, to recover Luoyang and other places. Due to Yue Fei's victorious March, people in Hedong and Hebei responded in succession. The king was frightened and prepared to return to the north. At this time, He Jin gave up the land north of the Huaihe River and made peace with the Jin people. They urged Yue Fei to send troops, and Yue Fei was forced to withdraw, and the recovered states fell again.

7. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and Li's Northern Expedition.

The Northern Expedition of Taiping Army. 185 1 year 1 month1day, Hong Xiuquan launched the jintian uprising in Jintian Village, Guangxi, and established the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The rebels are called Taiping Army. 1853, 19 In March, the Taiping Army occupied Nanjing and went to Beijing another day. Pai, Li and Ji led the northern expedition, all in Tianjin. 1In May, 853, the Northern Expeditionary Army set out from Yangzhou, passed through Anhui, Henan and other places, entered Zhili and approached Tianjin. Emperor Xianfeng declared martial law in the capital. 1August 853, the Northern Expeditionary Army defeated Tianjin. 1March 855, Lin Fengxiang was captured in Lian Zhen. He died in Beijing on April 3rd. Li retreated to Fengguantun, Qiping, Shandong Province. After being captured, he was taken to Beijing and executed in June of A.D. 1 1.