Anqing Inner Ordnance Institute, also known as Anqing Ordnance Institute, was founded by Zeng Guofan in Huangshiji and Daguanjing, Anqing, Huaining, Anhui in 186 1. It was the earliest official new arsenal in the Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty, and also the earliest military workshop for the Qing government to manufacture modern weapons by hand. Make bullets, gunpowder, guns. Scientist Hua once presided over the construction of the first ship in China. /kloc-moved to Tianjing (Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) in 0/864, and was converted into Jinling Institute of Ordnance Industry.

Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau, referred to as Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau or General Administration of Jiangnan Manufacturing, also known as Shanghai Machinery Bureau, is a modern military production organization established in the Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty, the most important military factory in China in the late Qing Dynasty, the largest modern military enterprise run by the Westernization School of the Qing government, and one of the earliest factories of Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau. It is the predecessor of Jiangnan Shipyard and the largest arsenal in modern China.

Fuzhou Shipping Bureau, also known as Fujian Shipping Bureau and Mawei Shipping Bureau (now mawei shipyard, Fuzhou), was founded in 1866 by Governor Zuo of Fujian and Zhejiang in the late Qing Dynasty. It is the most important warship production base in modern China, and Li Hongzhang praised it as the "ancestor of the mountain". Later, under the painstaking efforts of Shen Baozhen, the successor of the Minister of Shipping, Shipping became the largest shipyard in the Far East at that time.

Hanyang Iron Works is the earliest government-run iron and steel enterprise in modern China. Hanyang Iron Works, born in 1890, was the first and largest iron and steel complex in China at that time. From then on, China's steel industry began to stumble, which was regarded by the west as a symbol of China's awakening.

Second, the establishment of civil industry:

1. China Merchants Bureau for Ships: 1873 065438+ 10/4 Li Hongzhang and others were established in Shanghai. Engaged in Jiangsu and Zhejiang grain transportation and all kinds of passenger and cargo transportation business.

2. Kaiping Coal Mine: 1878 was founded by Li Hongzhang in Kaiping. Mainly to solve the problem of coal shortage caused by the rapid development of industrialization in southern China.

3. Shanghai Woven Layout: 1878 Li Hongzhang presided over the compilation of Shanghai Woven Layout, which was the first machine cotton textile factory in China. After a loss and a fire, Shanghai Woven Fabric was rebuilt on 1893, and its scale was expanded, and it was renamed as "Huasheng". The layout of Shanghai weaving is of epoch-making significance in the history of cotton textile in China.

4. Lanzhou Weaving Bureau: 1878, Zuo asked the Qing government for approval to set up a weaving bureau in Lanzhou. The office is located at the former site of Qianlu Houying outside Tongyuanmen, namely the south side of Changjiaxiang, and 1880 was completed and put into operation. This is the first modern woolen mill in modern China.

5. Hubei weaving layout: It was established in Guangzhou on 1888 by Zhang Zhidong, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. Can weave primary color cloth, twill cloth, jacquard cloth, etc. Best-selling Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan and other provinces, but also exported to overseas.

Three. Introduction to Westernization Movement:

Westernization movement, also known as self-help movement and self-improvement movement in the late Qing Dynasty. It was a self-help movement launched by the Westernization School in the late Qing Dynasty in 19, 60-90 to maintain feudal rule and introduce western military equipment, machine production and science and technology. The slogan of the Westernization Movement was "self-improvement" in the early stage and "seeking wealth" in the later stage.