Simon Jose Antonio de la Santizima Trinidad Bolivar and palacios (Simon Jose Antonio de la Santizima Trinidad Bolivar and palacios, 1783, July 24th to 1830, 12). Simon Bolí var is a revolutionary, strategist, politician and thinker in Latin America. He echoed San Martin and played a key role in South America's struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire.
After winning the struggle against the Spanish monarch, Bolí var participated in the establishment of the first independent country alliance in Latin America, namely Greater Colombia, and served as the president of the country from 18 19 to 1830. Simon Bolí var is recognized as a hero, revolutionary and liberator in Spanish-speaking America. During his lifetime, he led Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru and Venezuela to achieve independence and promoted the development of democratic ideas in these countries.
Bolí var's full name is "Simon Jose Antonio de la Santisima Trinidad Bolí var palacios Blanco", born in Caracas, Venezuela, to Spanish aristocrats. His parents died in 1799. He went to Spain to study, got married in Spain, and 1803 returned to his hometown with his wife, who died of illness. /kloc-returned to Europe in 0/804 and became Napoleon's retinue.
Bolivar 1783 was born in a noble family of Spanish descent in Gass, Venezuela, and became an orphan at the age of nine. In the process of his growth, the ideas and ideals of the French Enlightenment deeply influenced him. He has read the works of philosophers such as John Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire and Montesquieu. He admired Napoleon's talent and exploits, but he reacted strongly to Napoleon's claim to the throne, despised his personal ambition and took a warning. Although he made great achievements in the future, he never called himself emperor in the face of the support of the people. He thought that the best title for him was lifelong "liberator", which was nobler than any emperor. Bolivar visited several European countries when he was young. 1805, at the top of Avandin in Rome, he made a famous oath: as long as his motherland is not liberated from Spanish rule, he will struggle for one day. Napoléon Bonaparte invaded Spain in 1808 and appointed his brother as the head of the Spanish government. Napoleon provided a good opportunity for the South American colonies to gain their own political independence by removing the political power of the Spanish royal family.
18 10, the Spanish governor in Venezuela was dismissed, and Venezuela's revolution against Spanish rule began. 18 1 1 year, officially declared independence. In the same year, Bolivar became a general of the revolutionary army. But the Spanish army took control of Venezuela the following year. Francisco miranda, the revolutionary leader, was thrown into prison, while Bolí var fled abroad. In the following years, a series of wars broke out, followed by short-lived victories and painful defeats. But bolivar never wavered in his determination.
The turning point occurred in 18 19. Bolí var led his small army composed of civilians, crossed the rivers, plains and steep narrow roads in the Andes and attacked the Spanish army in Colombia. There he won the final battle of Pojaka (1865438+August 7, 2009); This makes this war a real turning point. Venezuela was liberated in 182 1 and Ecuador in 1822. At the same time, Argentine patriot Jose San Martin freed Argentina and Chile under Spanish rule and liberated Peru. The two saviors met in Guayaquil, Ecuador in the summer of 1822. The talks on the second and third days were conducted in top secret, without any third party, only these two "North-South giants" who are quite famous in South America. Therefore, only the two of them know the content of the talks. However, after the talks, Bolivar did not make any disclosure, nor did he make any future memories, and San Martin kept his mouth shut. All his troops withdrew from South America and went to France to live in seclusion, so this secret meeting left a historical mystery that could never be solved. Presumably, San Martin decided to resign as a military commander because he didn't want to have a power struggle with the ambitious Bolí var (which would only benefit the Spanish). By 1824, Bolvar's troops liberated Peru today.
1825, the Spanish army stationed in Upper Peru (now Bolivia) was completely annihilated. Bolivar's remaining years of his career are inevitably somewhat inferior. He was deeply impressed by the example of the United States, and he was eager to establish a new federal government of South American countries. In fact, Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador formed the Greater Republic of Colombia, with Bolí var as President. Unfortunately, the centrifugal trend in South America is much larger than that in North America. 1826 when bolivar called the pan-American conference, only four countries participated. Indeed, no country joined the Greater Colombia Republic, and the Republic itself soon began to fall apart. So the civil war broke out. 1828 there is a plot to assassinate bolivar. Venezuela and Ecuador seceded from the Republic of China on 1830. After realizing that he was a burden of peace, Bolí var announced his resignation in April 1830. He was forced to leave his native Venezuela and went to Cartagena, Colombia, where he died in 1830 and 65438+February.
Bolivar is obviously an ambitious man. In times of crisis, he sometimes takes advantage of his authority and acts arbitrarily. However, when faced with a choice, Simó n Bolí var is willing to put his personal ambition under the welfare of the people and the ideal of democracy, and constantly give up all kinds of dictatorial powers in his hands. Someone once tried to seal his throne, but he refused. There is no doubt that he feels that he has been awarded the title of "Savior", which is a greater honor than any crown. There is no doubt that Bolivar is the main figure who liberated South America from colonialism. He put forward the guiding ideology for this movement-writing articles, giving speeches, starting newspapers and writing letters. He made unremitting efforts to raise money for the struggle. He is the main leader of the revolutionary army.
But it is wrong to regard Bolivar as a great general. He defeated a few troops with poor command. Bolivar himself has no special talent in strategy and tactics. This is not surprising, because he has never received military training. It is Bolivar's indomitable spirit in adversity that makes up for all his other shortcomings. Every time after being defeated by Spain, some people want to give up their struggle. He resolutely rallied and continued the struggle.
Unlike Washington, Bolvar liberated all slaves in his life. In addition, he also made a positive struggle to eliminate slavery in his liberated country by issuing a declaration and formulating constitutional provisions. But his efforts failed. When he died, slavery still existed in this area. Bolivar's personality is complex and interesting: cheerful, brave and romantic. He is handsome, handsome, talented and has many affairs. Is a visionary idealist; His ambition is far greater than Washington's, but it is a disadvantage for the areas he liberated. Bolivar does not care about material interests. He was a rich man in politics and a poor man when he retired.
The territory liberated by Bolivar from colonialism is far larger than the original United States. But it goes without saying that he is far less important than Washington, simply because the United States has played a much bigger role in history than the country it liberated.
However, Bolivar also has great limitations in various aspects. Many slogans and promises he put forward during the revolutionary period have not been realized. For example, although slavery has been abolished, it still exists in practice. Farmers have not got land, and even soldiers have not been paid for a long time. Moreover, Bolí var ignored the unity of the revolutionary army and pushed San Martin, another outstanding revolutionary leader in South America, out of the revolutionary camp when the revolution was about to win, causing great losses to the revolution. Therefore, Bolivarian gradually lost its mass base.
There is a movie called Liberator, which is about him. You can watch it.