Zhao Yuying wrote down what she saw and heard in the concentration camp.
In the book, she eulogized the loyalty of the producer, witnessed the cruelty of the Japanese devils and faithfully described her heroic struggle with the enemy. She is not afraid of threats and inducements from the enemy. Finally, with the help of friends, Zhao Yuying finally walked out of the concentration camp and became a survivor.
Wang Mingsan recalled: When I arrived at the log cabin, Zhao Yuying held me in her arms and said you called me sister. I have no younger brother, but we are brothers and sisters.
After suffering from prison, Zhao Yuying resolutely returned to the revolutionary ranks. After liberation, she moved to the north and south of the motherland to continue her revolutionary work. In September 2000, 78-year-old Zhao Yuying died of illness in Beijing.
With the continuation of the war process and the implementation of the policy of "supporting the war with war", the Japanese aggressors' demand for prisoners of war labor is increasing day by day, and Shijiazhuang, the strategic hub of North China, has increasingly become the assembly point and transit point for the Japanese aggressors to deploy human resources.
What followed was that the situation of prisoners of war was getting worse and worse.
He Tianyi, a researcher on the labor problem of prisoners of war, said that many people died in this concentration camp because of the poor conditions. At most, hundreds of people died a day, especially after the 1944 Luoyang campaign, many prisoners of war were injured on their way to the concentration camp. Since 1944, workers have been sent to Japan, Japan and Northeast China, and many prisoners of war have died.
According to survivors' memories, slogans protesting against Japanese rule can often be seen on the toilets and walls of concentration camps. Stories such as "Su Wu herding sheep", "Yue Fei resisting gold" and "Qi Jiguang defending the enemy", which adhere to national integrity and oppose foreign aggression, often spread like wildfire in concentration camps, while slacking off work and destroying tools also occur from time to time.
In order to enslave the people of China, the Japanese army asked prisoners of war to worship the memorial tablet of the Japanese emperor every day. In order to resist this mental destruction, the prisoners of war came up with a way.
Wang Mingsan, an 82-year-old former Eighth Route Army cadre, recalled: After the Japanese devils told us to call the roll, they saluted the Japanese emperor. Why do we in China salute the Japanese emperor? I refuse to accept it. We tried to build a temple for Guan Gong, who was in Cao Cao's heart, in the Han Dynasty. After the roll call, we bowed to Guan Gong. What kind of person Guan Yu is, we should learn from Guan Yu. We are from China, so we should do this.
1936, the Japanese emperor ordered the Japanese General Staff Headquarters and the War Department to set up a germ warfare force in China, code-named "Kwantung Army Epidemic Prevention and Water Supply Department" of Manchuria Force 73 1, with Shiro Ishii, the representative of germ warfare weapons, as the commander.
Without the disclosure of survivors, we can only look for the truth from the seized files and the disclosure of some veterans.
From 1937 to 1945, Shiro Ishii and his men studied almost all the bacteria that people talked about, including plague, cholera, typhoid fever, anthrax, tuberculosis and other deadly infectious diseases.
The names of prisoners of war have been erased, and they are all called "logs". They died painfully after being injected with various bacteria, and some even were dragged onto the operating table and dissected alive.
According to the confessions of Japanese war criminals after the war, from 1940 to 1945, only "73 1" troops killed at least 3,000 people.
June 65438+February 0937 After the fall of Jinan in 65438, the children of Quancheng lived in dire straits under the iron and blood rule of the Japanese aggressors. In order to strengthen the fascist rule, the Japanese invaders set up a "national salvation training center" at the foot of Qianfo Mountain in June 1940, which was specially used to detain captured soldiers and innocent people in China.
Zhu Jianxin, author of "China Prisoners of War", said that with the accelerating pace of Japanese invasion of China, the frequency and intensity of "mopping up" vast areas of Shandong Province are getting higher and higher, and the number of prisoners captured by them is also increasing. The capacity of this national salvation training institute is very limited. 1in March, 943, the Japanese army carried out large-scale construction near Guanying in the northwest suburb of Jinan.
"Xinhua Courtyard" is a confusing name. At that time, the "Xinhua Courtyard" was surrounded by trenches and power grids. Japanese troops with live ammunition were all over it, and countless police dogs howled day and night, which was creepy. This is a complete killing cave.
In order to get a more accurate understanding of the Japanese persecution of prisoners of war in Xinhua Hospital, we came to the Hanting in Weifang, Shandong Province to visit an old soldier who joined the anti-Japanese guerrillas in 1940. 1943+00 was captured by the Japanese.
In front of a row of humble bungalows, we knocked on the old man's door.
Zhu Wenbin, an 89-year-old former anti-Japanese guerrilla, told us that the "Xinhua Courtyard" is really the Temple of the Prince of Yan, with a fence more than 3 meters high, with a power grid on it and barbed wire outside. I stayed in it for more than 100 days, and the death toll was 1000. There are too many rats around the morgue of Xinhua Hospital, and I am in good health. Rats often carry corpses, but they are not afraid of people. You carried the body, and it dodged. When you left, it came.
An old man named Su Qiao is a teacher in Tai 'an Taishan Middle School. 1September 1944, 2 1 year-old, was arrested by the Japanese gendarmerie on the charge of * * * making a party suspect. A month later, he was escorted to the "Xinhua Hospital" in Jinan.
Su Qiao, an 82-year-old former Taishan Middle School teacher, recalled: If you don't work hard, or have a slight illness, it is a minor illness. "Damn it!" If he curses, he will send you to the "sick building". Everyone is afraid that people who are sent to the "sick building" will soon die. I have never been to the "sick building", but I can see people pulling out from the "sick building" every day. Many people died in the severe winter that year. A carriage pulled six people, 12 feet, and then pulled them out and buried them in mass graves.
In Ji 'nan Archives, we found the files of Japanese bacterial experiments. The Japanese army's germ warfare unit in Jinan was first set up in the urban area of Jinan, and it was moved to Jingliuwei 6 Road on 1942. At that time, it was called "Jinan Dispatching Sub-bureau of North zhina Epidemic Prevention and Water Supply Department", also known as "Japanese Epidemic Prevention Department", code-named 1875 troops. The building of the Japanese epidemic prevention department used to be the army hospital of the Japanese army. At that time, it was 1875 troops.
Zhu Jianxin said that another important task of Xinhua Hospital is to provide living research specimens and injected bacteria for another bacterial army in Jinan, and the most inhuman thing is vivisection.
Toyo Takeuchi, a Japanese who once served as a military doctor in this unit, confessed that he was mainly engaged in the research of cholera and typhoid bacteria during his invasion of China, and experimented with living people many times.
Toyo Takeuchi said: "1August, 943, I was transferred from the Internal Medicine Department of Jinan Army Hospital to Jinan Branch of Beizhina Epidemic Prevention and Water Supply Department to engage in the work of manufacturing harmful bacteria for combat. This is an order from the superior. Before I leave, they will come to the Eighth Route Army prisoners 1 1 and vaccinate 9 people with typhoid fever. After I went, I inoculated two other prisoners with Yersinia pestis. In order to observe the pathological reaction of their visceral infection, we performed a live dissection on them. "
In less than a month, Takeuchi Hiroshi and another military doctor named Kimura dissected 1 1 an Eighth Route Army prisoner alive.
According to the investigation, during the Japanese invasion of China, * * * carried out five large-scale germ wars, except the cholera war in western Shandong, the other four were 1939 Nomenham germ war on the border between China and Mongolia, 1940 plague war in Quxian, Zhejiang, 194 1 Changde, Hunan and/.
Shiro Ishii has said many times that Japan, which lacks resources, can only rely on germ warfare if it wants to win the war. Therefore, when the Japanese army fought in China, they frequently used these germ weapons in actual combat.
Qin Yixin, an expert on bacteriological warfare, said that the former site of Japanese 1875 troops was a bacteriological warfare unit with the same name as Japanese 73 1 troops. It uses the Eighth Route Army soldiers in Xinhua Hospital and the soldiers and civilians in the anti-Japanese base areas to conduct vivisection and produce bacterial weapons. The bacterial weapons produced by it were released in a large number in Weihe River Basin, Guantao, Linqing and other places in Shandong Province, causing innocent injuries to 200,000 soldiers and civilians in our anti-Japanese base area.
Linqing and Guantao, located in the Weihe River basin, were then part of the anti-Japanese base areas in Shandong and southern Hebei. In order to destroy the anti-Japanese forces here, the Japanese army decided to start from here.
1August, 943, the battle of Luxi officially started, and the Japanese army codenamed the battle of cholera.
The Japanese army's 1875 germ warfare unit in Jinan is one of the units that carried out this germ warfare. In order to give full play to the effectiveness of bacterial weapons, the Japanese army resorted to diabolical tactics.
At this time, during the flood season, it rained heavily in western Shandong. The water levels of Weihe River, Zhanghe River and Hutuo River rose rapidly. In late August, Tadashi Hosokawa, head of the 59th Japanese Division, ordered the Weihe levee to be opened. Suddenly, the raging river roared like a runaway wild horse and rushed to the low-lying area of Hexi. The cholera bacteria that came with the water sneaked into thousands of households like ghosts.
The "Cholera Campaign" was the largest bacteriological war conducted by the Japanese army in Shandong and China, which caused floods and cholera epidemics in dozens of counties in Shandong, Hebei and Henan. 10 from late August to late June, more than 220,000 soldiers and civilians died in China.
War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression entered the stage of strategic stalemate. Changde is not only the strategic gateway of Chongqing, the capital, but also the transit base of grain supply in the rear area. In order to destroy Changde at the least cost, the Japanese army plotted to achieve its goal by germ warfare.
1941165438+1At dawn on October 4th, a Japanese Type 97 light bomber flew over Changde, littered with wheat, millet, sorghum, cotton wool and other sundries with Yersinia pestis.
A catastrophe came like this.
He Yingzhen, a 72-year-old victim of germ warfare in Changde, recalled that in the late autumn and early winter of 194 1, my family was hit by Yersinia pestis dropped by Japanese militarism, resulting in a large family of 18 people, and six relatives died in 18 days.
There is an old photo. The owner of the photo is Zhang Lizhong. On his left is his mother, who is pregnant with his unborn brother. Zhang Lizhong never imagined that this family portrait had become a permanent pain in his heart. The eight people in the photo lost five at once in the plague war launched by the Japanese army.
The germ warfare in Changde spread to the surrounding 10 counties, 30 townships and 150 villages.
The epidemic of plague claimed countless lives. There are many people who don't know what disease they have until they die, and they don't know that they are victims of Japanese germ warfare.
According to incomplete statistics, the Japanese army used chemical weapons more than 2000 times in the war of aggression against China.
1944, the Japanese army launched the campaign of "Henan, Hunan and Guangxi" in order to open up the mainland traffic line. On September 1 day, the Japanese Sixth Army concentrated134,000 people. Under the command of Okamura Ningji, he attacked Guilin and Liuzhou in Guangxi from three directions: north, east and south. China's fourth war zone has 12000 men to defend the two places. 1654381On October 4th, the Japanese army stormed Guilin.
During the battle, the command post of the National Revolutionary Army 13 1 Division 39 1 Regiment and the wounded moved to Qixingyan, where fortifications were built to stop the Japanese army. The Japanese army could not attack for a long time, but released gas bombs in desperation. After the battle, 823 bones were carried out from Qixingyan and later buried together in Bawangping, Putuo Mountain, in front of their graves.
During the Japanese occupation of Northeast China, a serious gas explosion occurred in Liutang Coal Mine in Benxi, Liaoning Province, killing 1549 miners, which was the most serious mine disaster in the history of the world coal industry. ...
On Sunday, April 26th, 1942, it rained continuously in spring rain all day. Most Japanese who are in charge of the mine are resting at home, and 1000 miners entered the mine with the roar and abuse of two heads.
At 2: 00 pm 10, there was a sudden loud noise from the wellhead, and then smoke billowed from five wellheads, including Cigou, Shiren 'gou and Liutang.
Until 3 o'clock in the afternoon, responsible Japanese talents came to the mine one after another.
Their arrival did not bring hope to the miners trapped underground, but caused a greater tragedy. At that time, Fujita Watanabe, the director of inclined shaft coal mining, was the first to order to stop the two main fans of Laosankeng and Liutangshang Mine, which are still in operation, to prevent oxygen from entering the mine.
Just to save the mine and prevent a bigger chain explosion, he made this inhuman decision, which caused most miners in the mine to suffocate and die.
On April 23, 2005, 63 years after the catastrophic mine disaster, under the leadership of Ren Chengxi, former deputy mine manager of Benxi Mining Bureau and investigator of Liutang tragedy, we went deep into the underground of 1000 meters to find the accident site of that year.
What are the identities of these victims?
Zhang Hongkun, 19 years old, was a trainee technician in Cigou Mine. On the day of the accident, he was on duty in Inoue's office. After the gas explosion, he went down to participate in the accident investigation and became the first witness in China.
Zhang Hongkun, 82, recalled: According to the number of people, this mine disaster was the biggest and heaviest in the history of world coal, and this situation was so hateful. He ordered the wind to stop, turned off the fan, and there was no wind. At that time, people didn't die, but they escaped halfway and couldn't walk. They fell there, then came up and fell there, so more than 200 people piled up in that place all the way! After their death, these people were homeless and could not even record their names.
A few local miners' bodies with family members were claimed for burial, and more bloody victims' bodies were buried at the foot of Sikengkou Mountain, which was called "meat mound grave" by local people.
According to statistics, from 193 1 to 1945, Japan * * * forcibly recruited more than 20 million laborers from China, and 9 million laborers and their families were taken to the puppet Manchukuo from North China alone, including hundreds of thousands of prisoners of war laborers, who were called "special laborers" by Japanese aggressors.
Japan is an island country with a serious shortage of resources. Since 1905, Japan has been systematically collecting the storage and distribution of various minerals in China.
After the "September 18th Incident", in order to plunder the economic resources in Northeast China and build military projects, Japanese imperialists first used conscription and other forms to forcibly capture Chinese workers in Northeast China, but this was far from meeting their needs of expanding the war of aggression, so the Japanese army also defrauded and forcibly captured Chinese workers from North China and East China.
Xie, a researcher on Manchuria Railway, said that the concept of "special agent" was actually that Japan forced China prisoners of war to work, and the Japanese invaders called him "special agent" or called him "special agent".
The puppet Manchukuo first used North China prisoners of war as 1937. After the Japanese army occupied Pingjin, 29 army prisoners of war were taken to Jehol to build an ancient railway, and the disarmed Jidong security team was taken to the site of Fengman Hydropower Station in Jilin for hard labor, which was 65,438+09,465,438+0 years.
In order to build the puppet Manchukuo into a military base to expand the war, the Japanese army has successively formulated the first five-year industrial plan, the northern revitalization plan and the second five-year industrial plan. The Japanese Kwantung Army and the Puppet Manchukuo urgently needed a large number of labor imports.
The Japanese Kwantung Army urgently requested the North China Army to forcibly recruit workers, and reached a labor reception agreement on April 5 194 1.
After that, the Japanese invaders in North China sold China prisoners of war to the Japanese chaebol in puppet Manchukuo in batches. Every time an "agent" is sent, the Japanese authorities in North China can get a reward from 50 yuan. Therefore, whenever the prisoners of war in the concentration camp in North China are about to be sent out, the Japanese army will catch innocent people everywhere, label them as "suspected of the Eighth Route Army", put them in the concentration camp, and then send them to the puppet Manchukuo.