On the basis of establishing citizens' environmental rights, we should expand people's vision of environmental moral awareness and raise people's awareness of dealing with environmental problems. Mobilize all social forces, give full play to the role of organs, media, schools, units, communities and other organizations at all levels, go deep into the masses, carry out environmental publicity and education in the community, vigorously publicize the significance of environmental protection, make people know the harmfulness of environmental problems, and enhance their sense of responsibility and mission in environmental protection. We should combine "Earth Day" with "community"
In the future, the focus of environmental publicity should start with improving the environmental awareness of government officials and leading cadres. Due to the strong "government dependence" of public environmental awareness in China, if the environmental awareness of officials and leading cadres at all levels rises to the height of GDP, family planning and other issues, they will get twice the result with half the effort in public environmental publicity.
Second, improve the environmental education system.
In China, 1992 held the first national conference on environmental education, and put forward the slogan of "environmental protection, education-oriented". Since then, environmental education has developed vigorously throughout the country, and it has developed in the direction of standardization and institutionalization. Formal education, mainly primary and secondary education, is the top priority of environmental education. Based on the characteristics of students we are facing and the environmental situation in our region and school, we explore various effective ways and methods of environmental education.
1. Implement environmental education according to time, place and people.
Because the differences between urban and rural areas, education level and economic income are important factors that affect people's differences in environmental awareness, it requires us to be targeted in environmental education, so that people can learn, want to learn and apply what they have learned, thus achieving efficient environmental education benefits. In cities, people have many channels to obtain information, and they can educate the public about the environment through television, movies, internet, newspapers and magazines. You can also organize the public to carry out some environmental protection activities and carry out environmental education; The government, environmental protection departments and environmental protection organizations can also carry out environmental education in the community and enter people's living space. In rural areas, people have relatively narrow access to information, mainly television. On the one hand, we can increase education on people's life and production related environmental knowledge, environmental laws and regulations, environmental skills, etc. on TV, so as to improve the public's environmental awareness.
2. Environmental education in practice
The most important factor affecting adult learning is the past life experience of adults. As early as 1926, Edward? Lin Deman's adult learning theory holds that the individual is more important than the educational structure, and the curriculum should be set around the needs and interests of adult learners. He believes that adults only have the motivation to learn when they need to solve problems from life experience. 1990, Malcolm Knowles put forward the motivation theory of adult learning on the basis of Lin Deman's theory. Adults should not only learn what they need to know, but also teachers should help adult learners realize what they need to know. Most of the public are adults, so we can learn from and combine the adult education theory to alert the public to their knowledge and skills of environmental protection, so as to improve people's environmental awareness and behavior.
3. Carry out targeted environmental education based on psychological knowledge.
American criminologist Kelly broke the glass of a window in a beautiful building without timely maintenance, thus adding several broken windows and realizing the famous "broken window theory". Wilson, another psychologist, reminded park managers to replace the signs of boring and inhuman sentences with poetic and aesthetic warnings. Since then, great changes have taken place in the park, and the number of people folding flowers has suddenly decreased. He explained this phenomenon, and his words were called "flower protection principle". If people regard the environment as "public property" or "land", then they will take the damage and pollution they have caused to the environment for granted, and even think that if they don't do some damage to this land, they will suffer some losses. Under this kind of thought or consciousness, they will learn environmental protection knowledge from the public. We can't ignore the "broken window theory" of environmental education and the "flower protection principle" of spiritual education. Only by applying psychological knowledge, grasping people's psychology and applying "broken window theory" and "flower protection principle" to environmental education can we get good results.
4. Highlight the important role of community education in environmental education.
Community education refers to an educational activity that takes the community as the scope, takes the residents in the community as the educational object, and aims at developing the community and improving the quality and quality of life of the residents in the community. Adults in the public play a decisive role in society, and the influence of their performance on children cannot be underestimated. Most of them are parents, and parents play a very important role in the family. They are the children's first teachers. It will have a direct and long-term impact on children, and it will have a far-reaching impact on the formation of children's outlook on life, world outlook and values in a subtle way. Family education is very important and can't be ignored, so environmental education should be carried out in each community.
5. Promote social environmental education with material security.
Environmental education is a complex system, and its self-organization, self-adaptability and dynamic interaction synthesize the social response of environmental education. This modern way of social response is mainly the "green revolution" of residents' lifestyle and the political participation of environmental protection organizations. China's "Environmental Protection Law" stipulates: "The state encourages the development of environmental protection science education, strengthens the research and development of environmental protection science and technology, and improves the level of environmental protection science and technology. Popularize scientific knowledge of environmental protection. " (Article 5) "Units and individuals that have made outstanding achievements in protecting and improving the environment shall be rewarded by the people's government." (Article 8) In fact, environmental education and rewards are important measures to mobilize the public to participate in environmental protection extensively, and they complement each other. Reward is to mobilize the public. After being mobilized, the public should also know how to start from themselves scientifically and effectively, so as to truly realize environmental protection for the whole people.
Third, update the consumption concept and advocate environmental protection consumption.
Academic circles at home and abroad generally believe that the rapid expansion of consumer demand is the deep-seated cause of the ecological crisis. The concept of "the more you consume, the more decent you are" developed in developed countries not only encourages people to consume resources, energy and commodities with insatiable attitude, but also stimulates people to consume and waste as much as possible, making the ecological crisis more and more serious. Therefore, the transition from high consumption to environmental consumption is an inevitable requirement of human sustainable development.
1. Establish a scientific awareness of environmental protection consumption
When the traditional high consumption shows more and more harm to the ecological environment and the sustainable development of the whole society, members of contemporary society should consciously abandon their high consumption desires and behaviors, and restrain their consumption behaviors with a consumption consciousness that can not only ensure the continuous improvement of their quality of life but also do no harm to the ecological environment. Such a consumption consciousness with mutual benefit function is environmental consumption consciousness.
2. Promote the use of green products
Although the economic foundation for vigorously promoting green products in China is not solid enough at this stage, China has unique cultural advantages, and can completely embark on a Chinese-style road of environmental consumption. These cultural advantages are as follows: first, it has the tradition of "keeping in good health", paying special attention to obtaining nutrition from nature and treating diseases, which is a solid mass base for environmental consumption; Second, there is the virtue of thrift, and an important content of environmental consumption is rational utilization and conservation of resources; Third, family ties are very important to future generations, and environmental consumption provides a good social foundation for achieving this goal; Fourth, pay attention to the weather, geographical location and human harmony, emphasize the balance between yin and yang, and emphasize the harmony with nature, which is very similar to the friendly relationship between man and nature advocated by environmental consumption.
3. Establish a social mechanism to ensure environmental consumption.
The goods or services provided by business operators to consumers shall meet the requirements of protecting consumers' personal health. Governments at all levels and relevant departments should strengthen the legislative work to protect consumers' health rights and interests. Consumers should give priority to ensuring health when choosing goods and services. All sectors of society should care about and attach importance to environmental consumption.
Fourth, improve the mechanism of public participation in environmental protection.
1. Vigorously develop non-governmental environmental protection organizations
Contemporary non-governmental environmental protection organizations in China are part of the non-profit sector and an important force in protecting environmental resources and preventing environmental pollution and destruction in China. The way and degree of participation of the public, associations and non-governmental organizations will determine the process of achieving the goals of environmental protection and sustainable development.
2. Establish a public participation system in environmental impact assessment.
Environmental impact assessment refers to the investigation, prediction and evaluation of the possible impact of a human activity on environmental quality before its implementation, and puts forward corresponding treatment opinions and countermeasures. Environmental impact assessment system is the legalization and institutionalization of environmental impact assessment activities. It is a set of rules on environmental impact assessment activities formed by the state through legislation on the object, scope, content and procedure of environmental impact assessment. Environmental impact assessment system is one of the main legal systems for environmental protection and environmental supervision and management in China, but there is still a big gap between China and developed countries.
1. 1962 American marine biologist rachel carson clearly described the pollution and destruction of DDT to the environment in her book Silent Spring. Because of the warning in this book, the American government began to investigate the problem of highly toxic pesticides, and established the Environmental Protection Agency in 1970, and various states successively passed laws prohibiting the production and use of highly toxic pesticides. Because of this, the book is considered as the symbolic starting point of environmental ecology in the 20th century.
2. 1972 16 From June 5 to June 6, sponsored by the United Nations, the first United Nations Conference on the Human Environment was held in Stockholm, and the famous Declaration on the Human Environment was put forward, which was the beginning that environmental protection officially attracted the attention of governments all over the world. The Government of China also attended the meeting.
3. Environmental protection in People's Republic of China (PRC) also started with 1972. Guanting Reservoir Protection Office was established in Beijing, and Three Wastes Treatment Office was established in Hebei Province. * * * While studying and dealing with the problem of pollution of Guanting Reservoir in pesticide plant, Shacheng, Hebei Province, China issued a law to formally ban the production and use of DDT nationwide.
4. 1973 The Environmental Protection Office was established under the State Construction Committee, and later changed to the State Environmental Protection Administration directly under the State Council. In the "two sessions" in 2008, the State Environmental Protection Administration was upgraded to "environmental protection headquarters". Unified supervision and management of environmental protection throughout the country.
5. Provinces (cities, districts) have also established environmental protection bureaus (offices). Set up the hotline 12369 and online center 12369 of the Environmental Protection Bureau to receive reports of environmental pollution incidents from the public.
6. The main responsibility of the environmental protection department of the government is to implement the policies formulated by people's congresses at all levels to control pollutant discharge, encourage the development of pollutant discharge control technologies, control pollution and improve the environment.
7. In order to prevent the deterioration of the natural environment, protect the green hills, green waters, blue sky and sea. This involves not privately mining (mining), cutting down trees (trees), randomly discharging sewage (polluted gas), overgrazing, over-reclaiming land, over-exploiting natural resources, destroying the ecological balance of nature and so on. This level is macroscopic and can only be solved by governments at all levels exercising their functions and carrying out regulation.