The full name of the Soviet Union is Soviet socialism * * * and the League of Nations (Russian: союзсоветскихсоци) On February 30th, it was composed of Russian Soviet socialist federalism, Belarusian Soviet socialist federalism, Ukrainian Soviet socialist federalism and Transcaucasian Soviet socialist federalism.
Second, the disintegration of the Soviet Union:
19911On February 23rd, Jelchin came to the Kremlin and had an eight-hour talk with Gorbachev, demanding that he hand over the supreme command of the armed forces, the "nuclear button" for launching 27,000 nuclear warheads and the presidential palace of the Kremlin. Gorbachev also handed over a batch of precious archival materials to Yeltsin. Yeltsin promised that Gorbachev would enjoy generous treatment including national villas, cars and security personnel after his resignation. 19911On February 24th, Gorbachev held a farewell party with his staff, including Jakovleff and Shevardnadze, and everyone said goodbye.
19911On February 25th, Gorbachev signed his last presidential decree: he resigned as the supreme commander of the armed forces and handed over the control of the armed forces and the "nuclear button" to Yeltsin. In the evening 19, Gorbachev gave a speech to the whole country and the whole world to resign as president of the Soviet Union in front of the camera in the presidential palace. He said: "In view of the situation formed after the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States, I stopped my activities as the president of the Soviet Union. This decision is based on principle. " "I firmly advocate the independence of the people of all ethnic groups and the sovereignty of the Republic of * * *.
At the same time, it advocates retaining allied countries and safeguarding national integrity. However, the situation has developed along another road, and the policy of dismembering and splitting the country has prevailed, which I cannot agree with. ""I am also uneasy about our people losing the nationality of a big country, which will bring very heavy consequences to all people. Gorbachev's expression was serious, but he ended his speech with an optimistic prediction: "I believe that our joint efforts will bear fruit sooner or later, and our people will live in a prosperous and democratic society. "
19: 20, Gorbachev handed over the "nuclear button" to Russian President Yeltsin through the temporary commander-in-chief of the CIS armed forces, shaposhnikov. 19: 38, the Soviet flag with sickle and hammer patterns was lowered over the Kremlin, and the Russian white, blue and red tricolor flag was raised on the flagpole.
19911On February 26th, supreme soviet of the ussr * * * held its last meeting to carry out the legal procedures to terminate the Soviet Union. The venue with less than 100 people was very deserted, and only * * and Alimdzhanov, President of the National Academy of Sciences, sat on the rostrum. The usual electronic voting machine does not need to be started, and even the number of participants is not registered. The delegates voted to adopt a declaration.
The declaration said: "supreme soviet of the ussr and the State Council confirmed that with the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Soviet Union will soon cease to exist as a country and a subject of international law." However, it must be pointed out that not all delegates agree with this declaration, and some think it is meaningless, because the disintegration of the Soviet Union has become an established fact; Some people think that it is illegal for the State Council to declare that the Soviet Union no longer exists, and this decision can only be decided by the Soviet People's Congress.
After the declaration was adopted, Alimdzhanov said to the delegates: "* * * and the National Academy of Sciences persisted in the end. We have fulfilled our duties as citizens and representatives, and we have not lived up to the trust of sovereignty and the country. " "Now that the President of the Soviet Union has announced his resignation to all the people, and since the flag of the Soviet Union has been lowered, we have every right to complete our work peacefully through constitutional means today-holding the last meeting." Prior to this, the Union House of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union had made a decision in1991kloc-0/2.23, and the Union House would not hold any more meetings. Then, Alimdzhanov announced the dissolution of the Soviet Parliament, and the delegates said goodbye to each other and went their separate ways. On the evening of February 25th, 65438, the Soviet flag in the Kremlin was lowered slowly, marking the official disintegration of the Soviet Union.
Third, the impact of the incident:
For Russia (including other former Soviet republics except Baltic countries). The disintegration of the Soviet Union was a national disaster. Many areas have fallen into a natural economic situation. The intensification of social differentiation has destroyed the integrity of society. The country and its structures and institutions are extremely weak. Corruption is prevalent. The loss of technology, the complication of production and the whole school of science made Russia lose the possibility of participating in international competition, and Russia was thrown into the ranks of "third world countries". The education level has been affected, and the education system and health system have been destroyed.
From July 65438 to July 1997, the family income and expenditure published by the Independent newspaper showed that nine out of ten families lived below the poverty line, and a quarter were in abject poverty. By 2008, Russian GDP barely exceeded the level of 1989.
National wealth has been plundered to some extent. The corruption of state organs in CIS countries is higher than that in Russia. Of these 1 1 countries, 6 countries have been at war. The former Soviet Union has become an unstable area and a local military conflict area.
National response:
As the most important historical event in the 20th century, the disintegration of the Soviet Union had as far-reaching an impact on the world as the October Revolution. As a result, the disintegration of the Soviet Union has aroused great concern of the international community, including western countries. In the late 1980s, almost all western scholars and experts who studied the Soviet Union did not think that the Soviet Union would disintegrate. Western leaders and scholars, including then US President George Bush, were surprised by the disintegration of the Soviet Union overnight. At that time, the West did not want the Soviet Union to disintegrate. At that time, the CIA held several emergency meetings on this issue, and US Secretary of State Baker led a delegation to Moscow to learn about the development of the situation on the spot. However, the people in Soviet cities such as the participating countries of the Soviet Union and the capital Moscow were unusually calm about the result that the Soviet Union ceased to exist overnight.
Sue * * * End:
199 1 year 65438+February 2 1 day, that is, four days before Gorbachev signed the resignation document and the Soviet Union officially disintegrated. 1 1 When the leaders of China signed the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States in Almaty, they also discussed the treatment of Soviet President Gorbachev after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, and finally decided to thank Gorbachev for his positive contribution in promoting the historical process.
These include receiving a lifelong pension, providing them and their families with lifelong private advanced medical services, providing medical care teams, providing 20 guards and special cars, and enjoying the presidential treatment in other public places, all of which are completely solved by the Russian Federation government. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, all Soviet officers and officers who supported Yeltsin were promoted to ranks, but the main participants in the "8 19 Incident" and the officials and officers who tried to maintain the Soviet system were later prosecuted and tried by the courts of the Russian Federation.