), 1883 was born in a poor peasant family in Kejiulin village, Rostov state on April 25th. 1903 enlisted in the army, 1905 participated in the Russo-Japanese War. 1908 graduated from Petersburg cavalry school and served in the coastal dragoons. During World War I, he fought in Germany, Austria and the Caucasus. 19 17 During the preparation for the October Revolution, Budyoni was elected as the chairman of the company soldiers' committee, the regiment soldiers' committee and the vice chairman of the division soldiers' committee. Later, he served as commander-in-chief of the southwest and commander-in-chief of the North Caucasus. After the Great Patriotic War, he served as the Deputy Minister of Agriculture of the Soviet Union, specializing in horse breeding until his death in 1973. Buried under the walls of the Kremlin.
He had a 70-year military career,
Budyonny participated in four major wars, including two world wars, and his life was inextricably linked with the military history of the Soviet Union. And in 194 1 year, a red square military parade was held in Moscow to represent the high command.
Early career
1On April 25th, 883, budyonny was born in a poor peasant family in southern Russia. His childhood was painful. Hard work and living with the poor make budyonny cheerful, brave and determined. 1in the autumn of 903, budyonny was drafted into the army and became a cavalry that young people were proud of. In June 5438+the following year 10, he came to northeast China with the 46th regiment of Cossack Cavalry on the Don River to participate in the Russo-Japanese War. After the war, he was transferred to the Binhai dragoon regiment and stationed near Vladivostok. 1907 1 month, he was sent to Petersburg cavalry school to study. 1908 returned to the dragoons regiment after graduation. In World War I, he fought in Poland, Germany, Austria and the Caucasus.
During the civil war
19 17 After the February Revolution in Russia, Butioni was unanimously elected as the chairman of the company's soldiers' committee by the whole company, as the chairman of the regiment's soldiers' committee at the general meeting of the whole regiment, and later as the vice chairman of the division's soldiers' committee. During his stay in Minsk, he met with Fu Longzhi, leader of the Bolshevik Party, a western army. Fu Longzhi had a great influence on the formation of Budiyoni's world outlook and the choice of his life path. After the October Revolution broke out, the soldiers committee of the Caucasus Cavalry Division made a decision to demobilize and dissolve the division, and budyonny returned to his hometown in June of that year. Soon, together with his comrades-in-arms, he established the Soviet regime in the local area. Later, with a high sense of responsibility for consolidating the new Soviet regime and a love for military life, budyonny set up cavalry guerrillas in his hometown. Thanks to his efforts, the troops gradually expanded into cavalry regiment and cavalry brigade. In the Battle of Charizin, Buzioni commanded a cavalry brigade to beat the enemy out of the water, which showed the talent of an outstanding cavalry commander, was appreciated by Stalin, the supreme leader of the United * * * stationed in tsaritsyn, and won the Red Flag Medal. The troops were expanded into the first cavalry regiment. As a commander, he became Stalin's most trusted general in the Red Army, together with voroshilov, the political commissar of the military region, coolidge, the artillery director, Timoshenko, rokossovsky and Colonel zhukov.
19 19 Summer, Denikin's White Guards launched a crazy attack on the Soviet Republic, and the Red Army was forced to retreat to the hinterland, and the southern front became the main battlefield. At this time, budyonny commanded the newly-built cavalry to smash the main force of the Vrangel White Guard in the north of tsaritsyn, and defeated Sutulov's troops. Subsequently, the maneuver was skillfully implemented, giving a devastating blow to the Cossack cavalry division under the command of Mamontoff and Shkuro, who were inserted behind the Red Army's Southern Army, and occupying the important town of Voronezh, thus narrowing the gap between the Red Army's strategic direction in Moscow 100 km. In recognition of budyonny's achievements in this campaign, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee once again awarded him the Red Flag Medal and the revolutionary honor weapon. Soon, he became the commander of the Soviet Union 1 cavalry unit and one of the famous generals during the Soviet Civil War.
Budyonny's cavalry 1 Army is known as the "fist" force that won the civil war, and has been used for strategic maneuvers on many fronts. At the end of 19 19, at the beginning of 1920, the Red Army launched a general attack on Denikin's army. The 1 army commanded by Butioni formed a rapid campaign strategic cluster, launched a rapid assault in the direction of Kharkov, Donbass, Rostov and Azov, and divided Denikin's main force into two parts. 1920 February, Budiyoni suffered a crushing defeat in the Caucasus. Because Buyoni believed that the First Cavalry Army collapsed because of persecution by tukhachevsky, commander of the Caucasus Army at that time, the officers regiment of the First Cavalry Army represented by Buyoni became an old enemy with tukhachevsky. 1920 In April and May, under the planning of Stalin, then chairman of the Southwest Military Commission, the reorganized Butjanni troops chose 1000 kilometers of off-road transportation instead of fast railway transportation, and fought Ma Qinuo on the way of the recruits' running-in. As a result, after 50 days, tukhachevsky, who was transferred as commander of the Western Army, failed to attack the Polish army. He jumped from Mekop in the North Caucasus to Uman in Ukraine and joined the Southwest Army to fight the Polish army. On June 5th, the concentrated main force of Bougioni broke through the solid defensive position of the 2nd Army of the Polish Army in one fell swoop, and broke into the enemy's depth120-140km with lightning speed, leaving the rear of the 3rd Army of the Polish Army, forcing the Polish army to leave Kiev, the capital of Ukraine, on June 1 1 day, so as to make Poland. When evaluating the role of cavalry 1 Army, Fu Longzhi said: "In our army, no army can comprehensively, vividly and profoundly reflect all the characteristics of the civil war and the nature of the whole Red Army in its own actions, and its previous battles will always be recorded in the history of cavalry with glorious chapters." In the next Warsaw campaign, because tukhachevsky said that his western army was attacking Warsaw, Buyoni's First Cavalry Regiment, as the pioneer of the southwest army, turned southwest to attack Lviv. As a result, tukhachevsky was defeated in Warsaw, and the responsibility for the defeat was debated for a long time, which led to the bad relationship between the generals of the two armies and laid the groundwork for the great purge. 1920, the first cavalry regiment swept through southern Ukraine and Crimea again, completely eliminating the white guards of Vrangel and successfully ending the civil war.
During the period of 1930- 1933, Budiyoni and his cavalry troops swept through Kazakhstan, followed by famine, and many uninhabited Haoershan villages appeared in Kazakhstan. So in the Soviet era, no collective farm in Kazakhstan was named after budyonny, and no photos of him were seen.
peacetime
After the civil war, budyonny actively participated in the construction of the Red Army. He has served as member and deputy commander of the Revolutionary Military Commission of the North Caucasus Military Region, assistant to the commander-in-chief of the Workers and Peasants Red Army (in charge of cavalry), member of the Soviet Revolutionary Military Commission, commander of the Moscow Military Region, member of the General Military Commission of the Soviet National Defense People's Committee, member of the Deputy National Defense People's Committee, and member of the First Deputy National Defense People's Committee. 1935 was awarded the rank of marshal of the Soviet Union together with voroshilov, tukhachevsky, yegorov and Breuker. During this period, he made indelible contributions to the construction of the Red Army, especially to the construction and training of cavalry. He carefully studied and summarized the experience of the First World War and the Civil War, actively participated in the compilation of multi-volume Civil War History of the Soviet Union, and wrote such works as Tactical Basis of Cavalry Corps and Selected Works of Red Cavalry. In the early 1930s, the Soviet Red Army carried out major military reforms. Not only is the equipment updated, but the cavalry is no longer a single unit, but a mixed unit of machine guns and artillery. There have also been new developments in organizational system and military theory. Budyonny realized that to do a good job, not only experience is needed, but also deeper military theoretical knowledge is needed. Therefore, he asked to study at the Fulongzhi Military Academy, and got Stalin's support. He studies while working. He is tireless and extremely diligent. He gets up at 7 o'clock every day, studies in the college from 8 o'clock to 14, has lunch from 14 to 15, and then works until zero. Study until 3 am after supper. 1932, graduated from fulongzhi military academy.
The Second World War
On June 22nd, Hitler launched a war of aggression against the Soviet Union. As a member of the Soviet high command, Boudjani participated in the operational command, successively serving as commander of the reserve army group of the high command, commander-in-chief of the southwest, commander-in-chief of the reserve army and commander-in-chief of the North Caucasus, and participated in major strategic battles to defend Moscow, Kiev and the Caucasus. During his tenure as Commander-in-Chief of Southwest China, due to the hard work of the troops, the German Southern Army Group made slow progress. "If you want to attack Moscow, you must defeat Buyoni" became the slogan of the German army. In the battle of Kiev, he accurately judged that the German central collective army group was about to detour to Kiev. In order to save the army that was about to fall into the encirclement, he ignored Stalin's order not to take a step back and ordered the troops to retreat without authorization, thus losing Stalin's trust and being dismissed from the post of commander-in-chief of Southwest China. When the disaster finally came, 660,000 Red Army was trapped in the encirclement of Kiev, and the old marshal burst into tears. It is really Stalin's success and failure. Since then, he has faded out of the Soviet military. In the future, the commander positions on several fronts are basically transitional. When the Germans arrived at the gates of Moscow, he helped Stalin organize a parade on Red Square to celebrate the 24th anniversary of the October Revolution, and rode a high-headed steed to review the troops under study.
After the war, he served as the deputy minister of agriculture of the Soviet Union, in charge of horse breeding. Because of his advanced age, he served as the director of the Soviet Defense Department from 65438 to 0954. He also did a lot of social work, cared about the growth of teenagers, and devoted a lot of time to the education of teenagers. 1973, 90-year-old Soviet marshal died in Moscow.