1, Japan

From 65438 to 0868, Japan embarked on the capitalist road through the Meiji Restoration, and its national strength became stronger and stronger. At that time, Japan was experiencing two industrial revolutions. 1888, Japan's industrial revolution reached its climax, and it was in urgent need of export of foreign goods and capital. However, as an island country, Japan itself lacks resources and has a small market. Coupled with the strong domestic feudal remnants, various contradictions in the social transition period are sharp. Therefore, the Japanese ruling group headed by the emperor is eager to find a way out from external expansion.

1887, the Japanese General Staff formulated the so-called "Qing conquest strategy", which gradually evolved into a "mainland policy" centered on aggression against China. The first step is to capture Taiwan Province Province, the second step is to annex North Korea, the third step is to March into Manchuria, the fourth step is to destroy China, and the fifth step is to conquer Asia, dominate the world and realize the so-called "eight wins and one universe". The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 was an important link in the first two steps of Japan's "mainland policy". Because their own strength and resources do not have the corresponding conditions, they have implemented the strategy of supporting wars with wars to achieve their goals.

2. Qing dynasty.

China was in the late Qing Dynasty. From the sixties and seventies of 19, the Westernization School in the ruling group of Qing Dynasty started a Westernization Movement with the slogan of "self-improvement" and "seeking wealth". The Westernization Movement kept pace with Europe and America in science and technology (especially military technology), so the scene of "Tongzhi revival" appeared in the Qing Dynasty.

In the Qing Dynasty, the Beiyang Navy was formally established in 1888, which became a powerful naval force in Asia. However, the Qing Dynasty did not change the state system as the Japanese did, so "Zhongxing" failed to make China embark on the road of becoming a rich country in Qiang Bing. At this time, the politics of the Qing dynasty was very corrupt, the people lived in poverty, the various factions in the officialdom were intrigued and intrigued, the national defense and military strength were very different, and the discipline was lax.

/kloc-At the end of 0/9, East Asia, one is an emerging old empire and the other is a modern country in generate. In this case, China and Japan cannot avoid World War I.

3. Europe and America

At that time, the major capitalist countries in the world were gradually transitioning to imperialism, and Japan's aggression was supported by western powers to some extent. The United States hopes that Japan will become its assistant in invading China and North Korea; Britain tried to use Japan to contain Russia's forces in the Far East; Germany and France also supported Japan's invasion of China, so as to seize new interests by taking advantage of Japan's invasion of China.

Although Russia has great ambitions for Northeast China and North Korea, it is not ready yet, so it adopts a non-interference policy towards Japan. The acquiescence or connivance of great powers has become a favorable condition for Japan to implement its aggressive plan.

Extended data:

The influence of war

China

The failure of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 marked the failure of the Westernization Movement in the Qing Dynasty, which lasted for more than 30 years, and the achievements of modernization went up in smoke, breaking the pursuit of national rejuvenation by the people of China in modern times. The cession of land and reparations and the loss of sovereignty facilitated foreign powers to give up their capital, which set off a wave of carve-up, marked a new stage of foreign powers' aggression against China, greatly deepened China's semi-colonization, and China's international status declined sharply.

The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 directly led to the upsurge of China people's spontaneous anti-aggression struggle, such as the China people's national salvation movement, the bourgeois political reform and democratic revolution movement and the Boxer Movement.

Far East

Japan's huge reparations and strategic locations such as Taiwan Province Province not only promoted the further development of its capitalism, but also facilitated Japan's further aggression and expansion in the Far East, making Japan the only emerging capitalist power in Asia. In addition, in order to fight against the humiliation of Russia and the intervention of the three countries, Japan put forward the slogan of "sleeping and tasting courage" and restarted the ten-year expansion plan; On the other hand, it contributed to the formation of "anglo-japanese alliance" and opened a new round of hegemony in East Asia.

1894- 1895 Sino-Japanese War marked the official end of thousands of years of suzerain-vassal relations between China and Korea. North Korea gained independence in name, but in fact it was controlled by Japan. After that, Russian forces entered Korea, and the competition between Japan and Russia in Korea became increasingly fierce, which finally triggered the 1904 Russo-Japanese War.

As far as the situation in the Far East is concerned, "treaty of shimonoseki" set off a frenzy for imperialism to carve up China and intensified the struggle of imperialist powers in the Far East. The triple interference incident clearly reflects the collusion and struggle between the great powers on the issue of aggression against China.

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1894+65438 The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 was an important event in the modern history of China and even the world. The Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 was an unjust war launched by Japan. ?

The nine years from the end of the Sino-French War to the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 was the best period in China in the second half of the19th century. During this period, there was no chaos in China, the international environment in the Far East eased, and China was at peace with western countries. After 30 years, the Westernization Movement with the goal of "enriching Qiang Bing" has achieved remarkable results. This is manifested in: Left's victory in the campaign to recover Xinjiang; Feng Zicai defeated the French in the battles of Nanguan and lang son; Liu Yongfu's black flag army has repeatedly created the French army; Japanese soldiers failed to cooperate with the Korean Hua Kai Party to create a coup.

At that time, China was not weaker than Japanese. The British authorities commented: "Asia is now in the hands of three great powers-Russia, Britain and China." /kloc-In the second half of the 9th century, the Qing Dynasty launched five foreign wars and signed many unequal treaties. 1885 The Sino-French New Testament is the only peace treaty without ceded territory compensation. The environment at that time should be said to be quite conducive to the self-improvement of the Qing Dynasty.

Before the Sino-Japanese War, Russia and Britain were basically fighting for hegemony in the Far East. Although the situation of China and Japan is different, they are both restricted by unequal treaties. The victory of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 made Japan a powerful Asian country and completely got rid of its semi-colonial status.

However, China's international status has plummeted, with a large outflow of wealth and weak national strength. The failure of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 shocked China society as never before. The "enemy" who has always been looked down upon by China adowa Beiyang Navy, demanding huge sums of money and cutting off the land. Up and down, thus losing confidence. At this point, the independent finance of the Qing dynasty went bankrupt and relied on borrowing from western powers to make a living.

During the Sino-Japanese War, Japan became the upstart in Asia. War reparations: 230 million kuping silver; The value of trophies such as ships is also above 1 100 million yen. At that time, the annual fiscal revenue of the Japanese government was only 80 million yen. At that time, Japanese Foreign Minister Luo Ozongguang said happily: "Before this compensation, I didn't expect that there would be hundreds of millions of yuan, and the total income was only 80 million yen.

Therefore, both the government and the people feel extremely rich when they think that 350 million yuan is rolling in now. "After the occupation of Korea and Taiwan Province Province, it posed a direct threat to the northeast and east of China strategically and became a springboard to attack Chinese mainland. Japan tasted the sweetness of aggression for the first time, which greatly stimulated its desire to expand its territory of aggression.

Two Jiazi passed in the Sino-Japanese War. In the past hundred years, intellectuals in China have been reflecting on this war, which has brought great influence to China's politics, economy, ideology and culture, and there are countless related research results, which have provided some beneficial enlightenment to contemporary China people from many levels.

The year of 20 14 coincided with the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. At that time, the relationship between South Korea and Japan among the three participating countries (although the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 was a war between China and Japan, the war was triggered by the North Korean issue, and the Battle of Chenghuan and the Battle of Pyongyang were both conducted on the territory of North Korea, not to mention that after the war broke out, Japan forced the North Korean government to sign an offensive and defensive alliance to provide war support, so North Korea should be regarded as a participating country) was complicated.

Some Japanese right-wing politicians even made bellicose remarks, and for a time the dark clouds of war seemed to cover East Asia again. In this case, it is undoubtedly of urgent practical significance to reflect on the war 100 years ago.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 1894- 1895