Based on the investigation and analysis of the operating system, job standardization decomposes every operation procedure and every action of the current operation method to improve the operation process, thus forming an optimized operation procedure and gradually achieving safe, accurate, efficient and labor-saving operation results.
Activity standardization is an activity to formulate the same and repeated rules for actual or potential problems. Without standardization, enterprises cannot maintain a high level of management.
1 definition editing of job standardization The so-called job standardization is to decompose every job procedure and every action of the current job method on the basis of investigation and analysis of the job system, and improve the job process based on science and technology, rules and regulations and practical experience, aiming at safety and quality benefit, so as to form an optimized job procedure and gradually achieve safe, accurate, efficient and labor-saving job results. Innovation, improvement and standardization are two wheels for enterprises to improve their management level. Improvement and innovation are the driving force for the continuous improvement of enterprise management level, and standardization is the braking force to prevent the decline of enterprise management level. Without standardization, it is impossible for enterprises to maintain a high level of management.
2 Basic Principles of Standardization As a science, editing standardization should undoubtedly have its own theory. Standardization is the social practice of a large number of people, and it is an organized and purposeful practice. Then, the summary of this practice is the refinement of theory. Otherwise, standardization practice will not succeed, let alone rise to an advanced stage. In the past hundred years, international standardization experts and scholars from all over the world have devoted themselves to the research of basic theories such as standardization principles and published some works. The Standing Committee on Standardization Principles (STACO) was established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1952. Its main responsibility is to act as an adviser to the ISO Council in the aspects of standard principles, methods and technologies, so that ISO standardization activities can achieve the best results while considering the economic problems of standardization, which has played a considerable role in promoting the research of standardization theory. Later, some countries also set up corresponding institutions. For example, Japan established the Standardization Principles Committee (JSA/ Stecco) in 1958, and carried out the investigation on the implementation of standards, as well as the research on the economic effect of standardization and the calculation method of standardized terms. The following year, Guancheng Jingji put forward two basic principles of standardization (basic principles of economy and basic principles of countermeasure rules) and a series of sub-principles. Standardization scholars in the former Soviet Union have done a lot of work in the research of standardization theory. 1989, they decided to set up 19.06 in Moscow Institute of Instrumentation and other secondary schools, and more than two thirds of them set up standardization and product quality management, interchangeability and standardization, and standardization and quality. In addition, standardization experts from all over the world are increasingly active in the study of standardization concepts, principles, methods and the determination of economic effects. In particular, some monographs on standardization principles have appeared, and some superficial views on the basic principles of standardization have been put forward.
The role of work standardization The role of work standardization mainly includes the following aspects:
(1) Standardized operation organically integrates complex management with programmed operation, so that management is organized, work has procedures, and actions have standards.
(2) Popularizing standardized operation can optimize current operation methods, change bad operation habits, and make every worker work according to safe, labor-saving and unified operation methods.
(3) Standardized operation can concretize safety rules and regulations.
(4) The benefits of standardized operations are not only in terms of safety, but also help to improve the management level of enterprises, thus improving the economic benefits of enterprises. The promotion method of standardized operations, the implementation of standardized operations refers to standardized production operations in accordance with the provisions of work instructions, and gradually become accustomed to standards.
The implementation of operational standardization is very important, and it needs to go through the following three processes:
(1) Through training and confirmation, employees can master the work instructions of this position. The training process enables employees to know what to do, when to do it, how to do it and how to achieve the effect. Confirm the mastery of employees by means of written assessment and operational assessment. (2) Through publicity activities, employees can accept and understand the activities of job standardization. The implementation of standardized work is not as simple as sending red-headed documents and work instructions. Employees are usually unwilling to accept changes in their work habits, and some employees are even unwilling to share their operating experience, fearing the degree to which they are valued. Patience is needed when standardization is implemented, and it is very important to create a good atmosphere for improvement.
(3) Supervision and improvement through process discipline inspection. The implementation of job standardization cannot rely on the self-discipline of employees, and managers should go to the job site to do process discipline inspection. Encourage the advanced, spur the backward, let the well-done employees feel the achievement, and the poorly-done employees feel the pressure, and gradually complete the implementation of post standardization.
3 forms and methods of standardization The forms of editing standardization are the expression of standardized content, the expression of standardized process and standardized methods. There are many forms of standardization, each of which represents different standardization contents and achieves different goals for different standardization tasks. The standardized form is determined by the standardized content and changes with the development of the standardized content. However, the standardized form has its relative independence and its own inheritance, which reacts and affects the content. Standardization process is the dialectical unification process of standardization content and form. Studying various standardization forms and their characteristics not only facilitates the selection and application of appropriate standardization forms according to different standardization tasks in practical work, but also creates new forms to replace the old ones in time according to the development and objective needs of standardization projects, thus opening the way for the further development of standardization projects. The forms of standardization mainly include simplification, serialization, comprehensive standardization, advanced standards and combination.
4 Four purposes of work standardization editing In the factory, the so-called "manufacturing" is to produce products with uniform quality and specifications at a specified cost and specified working hours. In order to achieve the above objectives, if we change the operation of the manufacturing site at will, such as the sequence of working procedures, or the operation methods or conditions that vary from person to person, we will certainly not be able to produce products that meet the above objectives. Therefore, it is necessary to standardize the operation process, operation method and operation conditions through regulation and implementation. Standardization has the following four purposes: technical reserve, improving efficiency, preventing recurrence and education and training. The function of standardization is mainly to preserve the technology and experience accumulated by members in the enterprise in the form of documents, and the whole technology and experience will not be lost because of the flow of personnel. Organizations know as much as individuals know, that is, to turn personal experience (wealth) into the wealth of enterprises; And because of standardization, even if each job is operated by different people, the efficiency and quality will not be much different because of different people. If there is no standardization, when the old employees leave, they will take away all the valuable experiences such as corresponding methods and operational skills that have happened in their minds. New employees may repeat the previous questions, even if they have been taught during the handover, it is difficult to remember them completely by memory. Without standardization, different masters will bring out different apprentices, and the consistency of their work results can be imagined.
5 Requirements for establishing good standards
The formulation of good standards requires the following six points:
1, goal-oriented: standards must be goal-oriented, that is, products with the same quality can always be produced by following standards. So don't appear words and content that have nothing to do with the goal.
2. Explain the reason and result: for example, "Tighten the screws safely on the ground". This is a result, and it should be described how to tighten the screws. Another example is "the welding thickness should be 3 microns", which is a result and should be described as "the welding machine uses a current of 3.0A for 20 minutes to obtain a thickness of 3.0 microns".
3. Accuracy: Avoid abstraction: "Be careful when tightening screws". What's to be careful about? Such vague words are inappropriate. 4. Quantification-concreteness: Everyone who reads the standard must be able to explain the standard in the same way. In order to achieve this, more figures and figures should be used in the standard. For example, instead of the expression "dehydrated material", a more quantitative expression "use centrifuge A to rotate at 100+/-50rpm for 5-6 minutes" is used.
5. Reality: Standards must be realistic and operable.
6. Revision: Standards must be revised when necessary. In an excellent enterprise, the work is carried out according to the standards, so the standards must be up-to-date and reflect the correct operation at that time. There will never be perfect standards.
Revise the standard under the following circumstances: 6. It is difficult to edit and arrange the revised standard. Or it is difficult to perform the prescribed tasks. When product quality level changes, when problems are found and steps are changed, when parts or materials change, when machines, tools or instruments change, when working procedures change, when methods, tools or machines change, when external factors change (such as environmental problems), when laws and regulations (product liability law) change, standards (ISO, etc. ) everything has changed. 7 Standardization and Technological Innovation The technological innovation system from the perspective of complex system theory regards standardization as an important technical support in the technological innovation system oriented to innovation 2.0, and it is the axis of technological innovation system and technology 2.0 in the knowledge society environment. Standardization is also an important feature that distinguishes modern urban management from traditional urban management, modern management from traditional management, and modern service industry from traditional service industry. With the development of science and technology and social and economic practice, standardization is a dynamic process of continuous evolution. The dynamic standardization process reflects the evolution of scientific and technological innovation. The combination of standardization and intellectual property rights helps to promote independent innovation, and the further combination of standardization and AIP "three tests" drives open innovation. Through the implementation of standardization and related technical policies, we can integrate and guide social resources, activate scientific and technological elements, promote independent innovation and open innovation, and accelerate technological accumulation, scientific and technological progress, achievement promotion, innovation diffusion, industrial upgrading and comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of economic and social environment.