The Yellow River is peaceful, and the world is peaceful. Protecting the Yellow River is a great plan for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The Outline of the Yellow River Basin Ecological Protection and High-quality Development Plan has comprehensively deployed the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, and this major national strategy has a top-level design and programmatic document.
Threats to the Yellow River
First of all, flood risk is still the biggest threat facing the basin. The follow-up power of water and sediment regulation in Xiaolangdi Reservoir is insufficient, and the overall resultant force of water and sediment regulation system cannot be fully exerted.
The short board of downstream flood control is prominent, the flood forecasting cycle is short and the threat is great; The situation of "hanging river on the ground" is grim. The surface suspended river in the lower reaches is 800 kilometers long, and the Ningmeng reach in the upper reaches silts up to form a new suspended river. The current riverbed is 4 to 6 meters higher than the back river on average, and the Xinxiang reach is 20 meters higher than the ground. The river regime in the wandering reach of 299 kilometers is not completely controlled, which endangers the safety of the levee.
Second, the ecological environment of the basin is fragile. In some areas of the upper reaches of the Yellow River, the ecosystem is degraded and the water conservation function is reduced. Soil erosion in the middle reaches is serious, and pollution problems in tributaries such as Fenhe River are prominent. The downstream ecological flow is low, and the estuarine wetland is shrinking in some places.
The non-point source pollution of industry, urban life and agriculture in the Yellow River basin, coupled with the pollution of tailings pond, makes the proportion of inferior V water of 20 18 12.4% in the water quality section of the Yellow River 137 significantly higher than the national average of 6.7%.
Third, the security situation of water resources is grim. The total water resources of the Yellow River is less than 7% of that of the Yangtze River, and the per capita possession is only 27% of the national average. Extensive use of water resources, agricultural water use efficiency is not high. The utilization rate of water resources is as high as 80%, far exceeding the ecological warning line of 40% in general river basins.
Fourth, the quality of development needs to be improved. The seven provinces in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River are underdeveloped areas, which have obvious gaps compared with the eastern region and the Yangtze River basin. The pace of transformation and upgrading of traditional industries is lagging behind and the endogenous motivation is insufficient. The difference in per capita GDP between Yushu Prefecture in Qinghai Province and Dongying City in Shandong Province at the mouth of the sea is more than 10 times.
The degree of opening to the outside world is low, and the total import and export volume of goods in nine provinces and regions only accounts for 12.3% of the whole country. Five of the concentrated contiguous destitute areas in China 14 involve the Yellow River Basin.