People's Education Press

First, the interpretation of teaching materials

1. Short text.

This is an article full of high spirits and heroism. This paper describes that the builders in the west have overcome world-class problems and international technical difficulties with wisdom and strength under the conditions of cold and lack of oxygen, harsh natural environment, fragile ecological environment and extremely difficult construction conditions, and created a miracle of railway construction in the world, that is, the wind-volcano tunnel with the highest altitude in the world. The article is clear and informative. Between the lines, it contains praise for the wisdom, strength, hard work and dedication of the builders in the west.

There is a strong lyrical color between the lines of this newsletter. The author mainly adopts the following lyric methods: First, express his feelings directly, and fully express the confidence and determination of the road-building army, the seriousness of the difficulties encountered and the joy of overcoming them to win through eight strong exclamations. Second, the use of appropriate metaphors, such as "iron dragon", "galloping horse", "frozen soil" and "big obstacle", further highlights the lofty aspirations of builders. Third, the language is straightforward and concise, with a strong sense of rhythm and optimism between the lines.

This is a skimming text. The purpose of writing this text is to guide students to master the main content of the text and understand the profound sentences in the context, so as to further improve their reading ability. Second, let students feel the spirit of selfless dedication, optimism and scientific innovation of the builders, and leave a clear and profound impression in their minds; Third, we should have a better understanding of the development of the western region.

The focus of this teaching article is to grasp the main content and understand how the builders overcome the difficulties such as complex frozen soil, bad weather and extreme hypoxia, and get infected from them. The difficulty lies in the construction difficulties and scientific and technological research methods.

2. Text analysis.

Understanding of (1) sentence.

① Build a railway to Lhasa!

This sentence is not only the title of the article, but also an exclamation in the article, which has appeared four times repeatedly. This short and powerful sentence, sonorous and powerful, hit the floor, is not only the oath of the road-building army, but also the clue of the author's writing.

At that time, there were doubts at home and abroad about building a railway on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and letting the train drive to Lhasa. This unpretentious discourse is full of confidence and determination, and the exclamation mark appears four times in the text, which fully embodies the persistent spirit of builders to overcome all difficulties and not give up until they reach their goals. This sentence is repeated before construction, when encountering difficulties and overcoming difficulties. It is called before and after in this paper, and it forms a colorful line with the last sentence "Lhasa is far away".

(2) A long "Iron Dragon" starts from Golmud, an industrial new city deep in the Qaidam Basin, crosses the towering Kunlun Mountain, and will pass through here, cross the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the "roof of the world", and reach Lhasa, a snowy holy city. This is the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the landmark project of the western development, and this is the Qinghai-Tibet Railway that benefits the broad masses of the people.

Building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council at the beginning of the new century. It is a landmark project for the development of the western region, which is of great significance for speeding up the communication between the east and the west, the economic and social development of Qinghai and Tibet provinces, enhancing national unity and benefiting people of all ethnic groups.

No wonder some western media predicted that it is impossible for China people to dig tunnels under such bad geological conditions!

"Impossible" is such a tunnel that there is no hope of getting through. Combined with the full text, we can know that frozen soil and ice rock are "world-class" problems on the wind volcano at an altitude of 4 905 meters, which require advanced science and technology. No wonder the western media predicted this. This sentence emphasizes the arduousness, requirement and arduousness of the project, and sets off the spirit of courage, hard work and innovation of the builders in the west.

(4) Wind volcano, the ten thousand-year-old iceberg shows its ferocious face, giving the road-building army a run!

"ferocious", a ferocious look. Escape from the Horse showed its power to the other side from the beginning. This paper points out that in the early stage of construction, the problems of temperature control are encountered: the temperature is too low to solidify the concrete; When the temperature rises, the cave wall will melt when heated, causing the cave wall to collapse and slide. These difficulties are world-class problems.

(2) Understanding of words.

White coating: plain, undyed. Packaging, packaging, packaging. There is no color from top to bottom, it is very plain. In this paper, the wind volcano is covered with snow and ice.

Scattered: describes the appearance of scattered and sparse. Especially the things that used to be many and neat are now scattered. The article refers to the scene that the heat preservation shed was destroyed by the strong wind and was in a mess.

Missing: describes the sudden loss of something. It is pointed out that the weather on the windy volcano is extremely bad, and strong winds can blow away the iron tiles on the roof.

Face-to-face: cut and cover from the head and face in front. The article pointed out that the bad weather did not give people any time to take precautions and avoid, and a hail suddenly attacked the road construction army.

A drop in the bucket: metaphor is useless and cannot solve the problem. This paper points out that the wind volcano has a high altitude and its oxygen content is less than half that of the plain, so the oxygen provided by oxygen cylinders can not meet the normal physiological needs of people. The life of the road-building army is facing a serious threat.

Forget about eating and sleeping: I forget about eating and sleeping. Describe diligence and concentration. The article refers to the scientific and technological personnel who work day and night to tackle key problems and strive to overcome world-class problems.

Second, the teaching objectives

1. Know the new word 14. Read the text with emotion.

2. Grasp the main contents, realize the significance of building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and feel the spirit of selfless dedication, optimism and scientific innovation of the builders. Continue to raise awareness of the development of the western region.

3. Understand the narrative order of the text and realize the clear expression characteristics.

Third, teaching suggestions

1. Before class, let students know the position of Qinghai-Tibet Railway in the western development, and realize the significance of connecting the east and the west, promoting cooperative development and benefiting Tibetan areas and people. You can also find the route of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway with a total length of 1 142 km on the map: starting from Golmud, an industrial new city deep in the Qaidam Basin, crossing the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the "roof of the world", and reaching Lhasa, a snowy holy city. Understand the harsh natural environment and complex terrain structure.

2. In order to skim the text, teachers can instruct students to read the text silently and talk about what kind of railway the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is, what difficulties the builders encountered in the process of building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and how to overcome them. Since the enlightenment read it by himself, and then exchanged views.

In the communication, students should realize that there are three difficulties in digging a wind-volcano tunnel: first, frozen soil; Second, bad weather; The third is extreme hypoxia. In the process of overcoming these difficulties, the builders have a tenacious spirit. This kind of mental body is particularly hard-working now, especially patient, especially capable of fighting; With a scientific attitude and innovative spirit, we fought in the construction site thousands of miles away. They cut mountains and build bridges whenever the water meets. In front of the "railway soldiers", there is no unbreakable flame mountain. They are not afraid of life-threatening, and overcome the difficulties brought by severe weather and natural conditions such as severe cold, low pressure, lack of oxygen, heavy snow, lightning and sandstorm; They solved the world-class problems of frozen soil and extreme hypoxia with the spirit of science and innovation.

At the same time, combined with specific words, we should realize that builders are always high-spirited and full of invincible optimism. For example, "all this can't beat our army of road construction", "subdue the frozen soil that has gone away for a while" and "this huge roadblock has lowered its arrogant head again and again".

3. The author has a strong emotional expression, so students should be guided to experience it carefully. There are many exclamations in this article. Let students talk about how they express the feelings of the author or builder.

4. Students can also read Zhan Tianyou by themselves for comparative reading. For example, under the obstruction and coercion of capitalist countries, Zhan Tianyou built the first railway in China; Today, the people of China are building a plateau railway with the highest altitude and the longest route in the world. Zhan Tianyou led the workers to struggle hard and overcame many difficulties with innovative design and fighting spirit; With technology and dedication, western builders have overcome world-class problems. From the comparison, I feel that the economic and technological development of China is not as prosperous as before. Students can also be guided to compare the writing characteristics of the two articles.

5. Stimulate students' interest in further understanding the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the western development, encourage qualified students to browse the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Network and pay attention to the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.

Fourth, teaching cases.

The first part:

Name the Qinghai-Tibet Railway

Teacher: Building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the strategic decision of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and it is the first railway in Tibet's history, which is of great significance. The connection of this artery will greatly strengthen the exchanges and economic ties between the East and the West and promote the development of the west. The world calls it "Heaven". Let's listen to this song first. (Listen to the song and show the lyrics: I stood in the green pasture in the morning/I saw the vulture wearing that luminous thing/flying across the blue sky like Xiangyun/bringing good luck to collectors' children/this is a magical heaven .../sending the warmth of the world to the frontier/the mountain is no longer high and the road is no longer long/children of all ethnic groups get together. At dusk, I stand on a high hill/I watch the completion of the railway leading to my hometown/It brings happiness to the snowy plateau/It is a magical heavenly road .../It takes us into paradise on earth/Barley wine butter tea will be sweeter/Happy songs will spread all over the place/Happy songs will spread all over the place. )

The song sings "What a magical heaven". This road is not finished yet. Students, please try to give this road a meaningful name according to your understanding of the text and the information collected, and explain the reasons.

Health: Century Road. This railway started at the beginning of the century, and it is also of cross-century significance.

Health: The first road in the world. This road is the first railway in Qinghai-Tibet history and the highest railway in the world, with the highest tunnel and the highest railway station in the world. There are so many firsts, which can be called "the first road in the world".

Health: Dedicated. In the no-man's land at an altitude of 4905 meters, it is extremely cold and anoxic, with harsh natural environment, fragile ecological environment and extremely difficult construction conditions. The oxygen content is less than half that of the plain, which is a real "life forbidden zone". The road-building army sacrificed not only its health, but also its life at any time. This road depends on their dedication.

Health: Lu Shen. Li Bai once lamented that "the Shu Road is difficult to get to the sky", and this road is indeed the closest to the sky. This project is more difficult than going to heaven, but it was built in the hands of builders.

Health: Science Road. The technical problems encountered on this road are all solved by scientific and technological personnel, and every meter forward embodies the spirit of scientific innovation.

Health: golden road. According to the newspaper, Xining City, Qinghai Province is determined to make the Qinghai-Tibet Railway "the most famous plateau gold tourist route in the world" and promote the economic development of Qinghai-Tibet.

Teacher: The name you gave to the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is really good. It praises the builders in the west and embodies the great strategic significance of this road. Now, choose your favorite name and write it in the textbook.

The second part:

Write a review for the illustration.

Teacher: Please look at this photo in the article. This is the scene when the Huo Feng Tunnel with a length of1.338m was successfully completed on June 9, 2002. Please observe carefully and try to write a comment for this photo.

Health: (Write it under the photo)

Teacher: Who will read it to you?

Health: On June, 2002, 65438+1October, 65438+1October, 9, 1 338 meters long Huo Feng Tunnel was successfully completed, and the eyes of the whole world were focused on it. The plaque of "The Highest Tunnel in the World-Fenghuoshan Tunnel" stands on the high ground at the entrance of Fenghuoshan Tunnel. Firecrackers, cheers and applause turned the volcano into a sea of joy. The road-building army waved colorful flags and shouted the slogan of "victory", unable to restrain their inner excitement and celebrate the victory.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) related links

Lhasa, the capital of Xizang Autonomous Region, an ancient city with a history of 1300 years, is located on the north bank of Lhasa River, a tributary of Yarlung Zangbo River, with an altitude of more than 3,650 meters. "Lhasa" means "holy land" or "Buddhist country" in Tibetan, and has long been the political, economic, cultural and religious center of Tibet. The resplendent Potala Palace is the symbol of the highest political power of the integration of politics and religion. As early as the 7th century AD, after Songtsan Gambo annexed the surrounding tribes and unified Tibet, he moved the capital from Yalong River to Lodz (now Lhasa) and established the Tubo Dynasty. 1951On May 23rd, Tibet was peacefully liberated and Lhasa entered a new era. 1960, the State Council officially approved Lhasa as a prefecture-level city. 1982, it was confirmed as one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities announced by the state.

Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the plateau railway with the highest altitude, the longest route and the longest mileage crossing frozen soil in the world. The highest point of the railway crossing Tanggula Mountain is 5072 meters above sea level, 960 kilometers above sea level and over 550 kilometers in frozen soil area. Shortly after the founding of New China, the relevant state departments began to study the railway into Tibet. With the kind care of Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping, the first phase of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway from Xining to Golmud was started in 1958 and put into operation in 1984. However, due to the economic strength at that time and the technical problems of road construction such as plateau and frozen soil, the construction of Golmud-Lhasa section stopped; The second phase of Golmud-Lhasa project started on June 29th, 2000 1 142 km, with a planned investment of 26.2 billion yuan.

Building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council at the beginning of the new century. It is a landmark project for the development of the western region, which is of great significance for accelerating the economic and social development of Qinghai-Tibet province, enhancing national unity and benefiting people of all ethnic groups. 2005 is a decisive year for the track-laying construction of Qinghai-Tibet Railway, which is called "Tianlu". Track laying will be completed by the end of the year and will be officially opened to traffic in July 2007.

The construction of Qinghai-Tibet Railway is of great political, historical, national and regional significance, as well as economic significance.