Fengxiang is an aircraft carrier designed and built by imperial japanese navy, the second Japanese warship with this name, and the first truly all-pass deck aircraft carrier in the world. Technically, it was stolen from England by a delegation led by the spy Sir William Forbes Sempill.
Fengxiang aircraft carrier was also specially designed by the Japanese navy on the basis of naval support ship hull, and construction began in 19 19. Fengxiang's construction budget plan was adopted in the case of 19 18 (the seventh year of Taisho). The original shipbuilding plan was to build a seaplane carrier in the name of a spy ship (named the seventh spy ship), so the original planned ship name was "Dragonfly".
However, the Japanese military observer mission in Britain observed the technical impact of several British air warships that were converted from active ships at that time, including the aircraft carrier Kan Bena, the aircraft carrier Rage rebuilt in April 19 18, and the aircraft carrier Cyclops completed in September18. Fengxiang changed the line several times before construction started.
19 19 decided to build an all-pass deck aircraft carrier and renamed it Fengxiang, and adopted British experience to determine its maximum speed of 25 knots. Ships built next to Fengxiang, as well as the Royal Navy 19 19 aircraft carrier Competitive God, were launched in 19 19. However, due to many factors such as new technology verification and construction sequence, the construction progress was delayed.
On the contrary, Japan, which lacked technology and started construction late, introduced British shipbuilding experience at that time with the assistance of Sempill Consulting Group. At the same time, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries also assisted the Navy in hiring retired generals from the Royal Air Force to teach ship landing technology. So Fengxiang, which adopted mature technology, was completed at the end of 1922, so it is generally considered to be the first standard aircraft carrier to complete its service.
Fengxiang is Japan's first aircraft carrier, and many designs have experimental styles. The hull is designed without armor. Located on the right side of all-pass flight deck, equipped with island bridge. The bridge is equipped with a range finder of140mm naval gun, and a boom for recovering seaplanes is also installed behind the island.
Three hinged chimneys are located on the starboard side, which can be dumped outward without affecting the take-off and landing operations of aircraft; In addition, the take-off section of the flight deck is tilted down by 5 degrees, giving the aircraft higher acceleration.
However, the operation of these movable parts will inevitably affect the stability of the flight deck. The Japanese Navy installed an anti-swing gyro device (called beard type in Japan at that time) made by sperry Company of the United States on Fengxiang to improve the stability of the hull. Although Japan initially thought this technology was unreliable, it gradually mastered the use skills under the technical guidance of the US.
Fengxiang is powered by Parsons steam turbine purchased from Britain and slogan ship administration headquarters type water tube boiler made in Japan, with working temperature 138 degrees and working pressure 18.3 kilograms per square centimeter (1790 kPa; 260 pounds per square inch), four of the eight boilers burn heavy oil and four mix oil and coal.
1922, 165438+ 10 on October 30th, and the output was 3 1 17HP, reaching a speed of 26.66 nautical miles. At the same time, compared with ordinary warships, Fengxiang has a larger tonnage of fuel, so it has a rare endurance of nearly 10 thousand nautical miles for warships of the same tonnage. However, the oil-coal mixed combustion boiler was changed from 1926 to heavy oil boiler because it was found not suitable for logistics operation.
In aviation facilities, Fengxiang did not adopt the all-pass hangar design; The hangar is divided into two parts, and the front and rear elevators can only be connected to their own hangar. The front hangar has only one floor, with a hangar volume of 67.2x9.5 and a lift size of10.35x7.86m.. It is designed to accommodate nine smaller fighters. The rear hangar is designed as a double-deck hangar, specially equipped with six larger attack aircraft and six reserve aircraft.
There are two different sizes of hangar, namely16.5x14m.29.4x12m, and the size of elevator is13.71x6.34m. Due to the limitation of this divided hangar, the design of fighter is quite insufficient, and it will be in the future. According to the captain of 1936, Kushiro Ryunosuke said that when he was the captain of Fengxiang, there was no special cabin for aviation fuel on board.
Therefore, the aviation gasoline needed by carrier aircraft is stored in the form of gasoline cans; Because it is unsafe, smoking is not allowed in Fengxiang, and it is not allowed to hold and use lighters. In the shipborne armament part of Fengxiang when it leaves the factory, the aircraft carrier completed by 1920s still has considerable concerns about the opportunity to carry out the anti-surface ship mission.
Therefore, the four main guns of 14cm used by light cruisers are equipped around the hull, and the rotation range of the main guns on the front side of the hull is about 150 degrees, and the rear side is only 120 degrees. The air defense forces installed a 76.2 mm anti-aircraft gun on both sides of the rear elevator. Fengxiang gave priority to the stability of the hull, and all the guns were designed to be put away in the flight deck, without considering the development of the fire network.
At the beginning of Fengxiang's construction, some designs were found to be not practical after trial, which would also cause operational safety problems and the available space on the deck was tight, so it was rebuilt several times in the factory.
1924 the design of island bridge and inclined takeoff section was dismantled, and a new bridge was installed at the head end of the front hangar, with both sides configured, which strengthened the strength of each part of the hull. 193 1 year, Fengxiang's British longitudinal cable cutting design was replaced by Xuanchang transverse cable cutting developed in Japan.