Character experience
Alfred. Bernard? Nobel, male, 1833 10/October 2 1 was born in Stockholm, Sweden. Influenced by his father, who likes to study explosives, Nobel showed a tenacious and brave character from an early age. He often went to do explosive experiments with his father, and almost spent his childhood in a loud explosion.
Nobel went to school at the age of 8, but he only studied for one year, which was the only formal school education he received. He and his family moved to St. Petersburg, Russia on 1842. Nobel began to learn from nikolayevich, a Russian chemistry professor. At that time, Nobel was only 18. Then he went to the United States to study chemistry for four years and worked part-time in JohnEricsson company.
1859, his brother Luvi Emmanuel (183 1- 1888) succeeded alfred nobel and took charge of his father's estate. Committed to the study of the manufacture of explosives. 1On September 3rd, 864, a big explosion occurred in Hellenborg, a factory in Stockholm, killing five people, including Nobel's younger brother Emil.
18631June14th, after Nobel obtained the patent of nitroglycerin detonator in Sweden, he wanted to set up a factory and put it into production immediately. Due to the ban of the municipal authorities, he couldn't find a venue anywhere in the city, so he had to start production in the "Ship Chemical Plant". Since then, four factories have been opened in Nobel, Sweden.
One day, Nobel discovered that nitroglycerin would explode only if it was poured into bath mud and ignited, which was very safe.
1865, Nobel opened the German Nobel Company in Hamburg, Germany; During the period from 1873 to 189 1 moving to France, there were 7 factories owned by French Nobel Company. The number of factories owned by Nobel Company in Britain has increased to eight; By the 1970s, Nobel had become an industrial tycoon. He entrusted his eldest brother to open chemical plants in Finland and Russia, and also invested in the Nobel Brothers Oil Company, which was once one of the important sources of Nobel's huge assets.
From 1886 to 10 in 1896, Nobel multinational companies have spread all over 2 1 countries, with more than 90 factories and 10000 employees. By the end of 1980s and the beginning of 1990s, Nobel Multinational Corporation had actually become a huge industrial empire.
1896 10 February 10, Nobel died in Italy. Nobel was buried in the North Cemetery in Stockholm.
Personality achievement
Invented the folding of nitroglycerin explosive
Nobel built the world's first nitroglycerin factory in Sweden. On the basis of repeated research, a safe explosive with diatomite as absorbent was invented. This kind of safe explosive, called yellow explosive, shows great safety under fire and hammer, which completely dispels people's doubts about Nobel explosive.
Invent detonator folding
After long-term research, he found a substance that is very easy to cause explosion-mercury fulminate. He used mercury fulminate to make explosive detonator, which successfully solved the problem of explosive detonation. This is the invention of detonator. This is a major breakthrough on Nobel's scientific road.
Invent smokeless powder folding
On the basis of the successful development of safe explosives, Nobel began to improve old explosives and research and produce new explosives. Two years later, a new colloidal explosive made of gunpowder cotton and nitroglycerin was successfully developed. This new explosive is not only powerful, but also safer. It can be rolled between hot rollers or pressed into rope shape under hot air. The invention of colloidal explosives has been widely concerned by the scientific and technological circles. In the face of his achievements, Nobel did not stop. When he learned the advantages of smokeless powder, he devoted himself to the research and development of mixed smokeless powder and developed a new type of smokeless powder in a short time.
Nobel made many inventions in his life and obtained 255 patents, including 129 kinds of explosives.
Creation award folding
In the last few years of his life, Nobel made three wills very similar to the Nobel Prize. The first one is written in 1889, the second one in 1893 and the third one in 1895. Finally, it was deposited in a bank in Stockholm, which was the last will under its control. The will cancelled the part distributed to relatives and friends and set up an award fund with all his property. 1897 was first published in Sweden.
However, in his will, Nobel entrusted the Swedish Academy of Sciences to evaluate the physics and chemistry prizes, while Hans Faucheur, president of the Academy of Sciences, advocated donating Nobel's property to the Swedish Academy of Sciences, and Fauchel refused to attend the meeting to study the award details.
Executor Surman and others made unremitting efforts. On May 2 1 day, the King of Sweden declared Nobel's will valid. 1900 On June 29th, the Swedish Parliament adopted the articles of association of the Nobel Foundation. 19011February 10, the fifth anniversary of Nobel's death, the first Nobel Prize was awarded. The prize is awarded to those who have made outstanding contributions in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and efforts to promote world peace. The award ceremony is held every year in Stockholm, Sweden on the day of Nobel's death, that is, 65438+February 10, and the award is presented by the King of Sweden himself.