Make state-owned enterprises stronger and better.
-Five ministries and commissions interpret the Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Reform of State-owned Enterprises.
Xinhuanet Beijing September 14 (Reporter Hua Yedi, Zhao Xiaohui, Xu Sheng) The Central Committee and the State Council recently issued the Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Reform of State-owned Enterprises, which is a programmatic document to guide and promote the reform of state-owned enterprises in the new period. On the morning of 14, the State Council Information Office held a briefing. Deputy Director of the National Development and Reform Commission, Deputy Director Lian, Assistant Minister of Finance, and Vice Minister of Industry and Information Technology Xin and Vice Minister introduced the relevant information of the Guiding Opinions.
Through market-oriented reform, state-owned enterprises will be built into independent market players.
"Building state-owned enterprises into independent market players, fully stimulating and releasing the vitality of enterprises, and improving market competitiveness and development leading force are a main thread running through the Guiding Opinions, and also the focus and foothold of deepening the reform of state-owned enterprises." Zhang Xiwu said.
The Guiding Opinions embodies this reform orientation throughout, and the specific measures mainly include implementing enterprise autonomy according to law, transforming government functions, and promoting simple administration and decentralization; Promote enterprises to improve the market-oriented operating mechanism, promote the reform of enterprise shareholding system, and actively introduce various investors; Promote enterprises to participate in competition fairly.
It is imperative to promote the functional transformation of state-owned assets supervision institutions. Zhang Xiwu said that the key is to do a good job of "one transformation, two lists, three homing and four key points": "one transformation" is to accurately grasp the positioning of fulfilling the responsibilities of investors according to law and realize the transformation from managing enterprises to managing capital; The "two lists" is to scientifically define the regulatory boundaries of state-owned assets investors, establish a list of regulatory powers and a list of responsibilities, and achieve scientific management of management, and never be absent. Those who should not be in charge should be decentralized according to law and never offside; "Three returns" means that the matters that should be decided by enterprises independently according to law belong to first-class enterprises, and the management matters that extend to sub-enterprises belong to first-class enterprises in principle, and the public management functions undertaken by cooperation belong to relevant government departments and units; The "four efforts" are to manage the layout of state-owned capital, standardize capital operation, improve capital return and maintain capital security.
Supervision is essential. Zhang Xiwu emphasized that the reform of state-owned enterprises should first strengthen supervision and prevent the loss of state-owned assets. This is an important experience and fundamental guarantee for promoting the reform of state-owned enterprises. The Guiding Opinions put forward a series of measures, which are embodied in building "four lines of defense": strengthening internal supervision of enterprises, supervision of investors, special supervision and social supervision; Improve the "six mechanisms": establish and improve the verification, transfer and rectification mechanisms, establish and improve the supervision consultation mechanism, establish and improve the whole process of supervision feedback mechanism, establish and improve the investigation mechanism for major decision-making mistakes and dereliction of duty in state-owned enterprises, establish and improve the accountability mechanism for state-owned assets supervision of enterprises, and improve the long-term mechanism for combating corruption and promoting honesty.
Promote the development of mixed ownership economy of state-owned enterprises in different types and in various ways
When introducing the reform of mixed ownership, Lian said that the goal of state-owned enterprises to develop mixed ownership economy is to promote the transformation of state-owned enterprises' operating mechanism, improve the allocation and operation efficiency of state-owned capital, and realize the mutual complementarity, mutual promotion and common development of various ownership capitals.
Different types of enterprises will be treated differently in specific promotion. Lian said: first, distinguish between "mixed" and "suitable mixed" state-owned enterprises: for state-owned enterprises that implement mixed ownership through joint-stock system and listing, efforts should be made to improve the modern enterprise system and improve the efficiency of capital operation; We should give full play to the role of the market mechanism for state-owned enterprises that are suitable for continuing to promote the reform of mixed ownership.
The second is to distinguish between commercial and public welfare state-owned enterprises. Commercial enterprises whose main business is in fully competitive industries and fields should, in principle, implement the reform of corporate shareholding system; Commercial state-owned enterprises whose main business is in important industries and key fields related to national security and the lifeline of the national economy, and mainly undertake major special tasks, should maintain the holding position of state-owned capital.
The third is to distinguish different levels such as group companies and subsidiaries. At the level of group companies, adhere to state-owned holding in specific areas clearly defined by the state; In other fields, encourage the active introduction of various investors through overall listing, mergers and acquisitions, and issuance of convertible bonds; At the subsidiary level, the second-level and below enterprises of state-owned enterprise groups focus on R&D innovation, production services and other subjects, introduce non-state-owned capital, and accelerate technological innovation, management innovation and business model innovation.
For how to match, Lian said that it will encourage various ways. On the one hand, non-state-owned capital is encouraged to participate in the restructuring and reorganization of state-owned enterprises, the capital increase and holding of state-controlled listed companies and the management of state-owned enterprises through various means such as capital contribution, equity acquisition, subscription of convertible bonds and equity replacement. On the other hand, give full play to the role of state-owned capital investment and capital operation platform of operating companies, make equity investment in non-state-owned enterprises with great development potential and strong growth through marketization, and focus on public services, high-tech, ecological environment protection and strategic industries.
Regarding employee stock ownership in mixed-ownership enterprises, Lian said that priority should be given to supporting transformed scientific research institutes, high-tech enterprises and service-oriented enterprises with high contributions of talent capital and technical factors to carry out employee stock ownership pilot projects, and supporting scientific researchers, managers and business backbones that have a direct or greater impact on the business performance and sustainable development of enterprises.
Actively promote the pilot work of state-owned capital investment and operating companies.
Xu Hongcai said that the goal of reforming and perfecting the existing state-owned assets management system is to strengthen the supervision of state-owned assets, correctly handle the relationship between the government and the market, and constantly enhance the vitality, control, influence and risk resistance of the state-owned economy.
The Guiding Opinions proposes to reorganize state-owned capital investment and operation companies. Xu Hongcai said that in the future, the instructions of state-owned assets supervision institutions will be transmitted to the next level in a "market-oriented" way mainly through state-owned capital investment and operating company platforms, so as to avoid direct government intervention in the market and truly separate government from enterprise.
He said that the establishment of state-owned capital investment and operation companies at the central level can avoid the overlap between investors and enterprises, lengthen the principal-agent chain, and help to further clarify the power and responsibility relationship between state-owned assets supervision institutions and state-owned capital investment and operation companies. This also needs to be improved through pilot projects to form experiences that can be replicated and popularized.
In the future, state-owned capital investment and operation companies will adjust and optimize their capital layout in their respective spaces and fields, actively participate in international competition, and the company will have a certain capital scale. Xu Hongcai said that in 20 15 years, the SASAC and the Ministry of Finance, together with relevant departments, will actively promote the pilot work of state-owned capital investment and operating companies in enterprises above 165438 managed by the central government, including direct authorization.
In terms of enjoying the benefits of state-owned capital and enhancing social well-being, Xu Hongcai said that the proportion of state-owned capital benefits turned over to public finance will increase to 30% by 2020 to ensure and improve people's livelihood; When establishing a state-owned capital investment and operation company, the policy of transferring part of state-owned capital to enrich the social security fund will be implemented to help solve the problem of intergenerational equity and ease the pressure of pension payment in the future.
Implement an enterprise wage distribution system that is compatible with the socialist market economy.
When talking about the reform of the salary distribution system in state-owned enterprises, Zhang Yizhen said that the Guiding Opinions pointed out the direction for deepening the reform of the salary distribution system in state-owned enterprises. The next step will be to study and formulate specific plans to deepen the reform of the salary distribution system of state-owned enterprises, and promote the establishment and improvement of an incentive and restraint mechanism for salary distribution that is compatible with the reform and development of state-owned enterprises.
On the one hand, reform the mechanism of determining the total wages of state-owned enterprises, combine the functional orientation and classification of state-owned enterprises, implement reforms by classification, gradually expand the autonomy of wage determination of competitive state-owned enterprises, and continue to implement the dual control policy of total wages and wage levels for some enterprises with excessive income; On the other hand, it is necessary to guide state-owned enterprises to deepen the reform of internal distribution system and further implement the autonomy of internal distribution of state-owned enterprises. Enterprises should refer to the wage price in the labor market, combine the degree of market competition and the economic benefits of enterprises, and independently determine their salaries according to the job responsibilities and performance contributions of personnel in different positions, reasonably widen the gap in internal wage distribution, and enhance the salary competitiveness of key positions and core talents.
Regarding the reform of the salary system for the heads of state-owned enterprises, this guidance clearly stipulates that the leaders of state-owned enterprises should be given a differentiated salary distribution method that matches the selection method, adapts to the functional nature of enterprises, and is linked to business performance.
Specifically, Zhang Yizhen said, first, adhere to the classification relationship. For enterprise leaders appointed by party committees, governments and their departments at all levels, the key point is to strictly standardize the salary structure and establish a scientific and reasonable salary formation mechanism. For professional managers selected through marketization, the salary structure and level shall be determined by the board of directors in accordance with the market-oriented salary distribution mechanism; Second, adhere to the combination of incentives and constraints, and the basic annual salary of the person in charge of the enterprise appointed by the organization is determined according to the job responsibilities and risk-taking of the person in charge of the enterprise; For the professional managers selected by the market, the determination of salary should consider the differences of different functions, different business scales and their own business responsibilities, and strengthen the assessment of business performance.
Strengthen the demonstration and leading role of state-owned enterprises in economic transformation and upgrading
The Guiding Opinions put forward "giving full play to the backbone and exemplary role of state-owned enterprises in implementing the strategy of innovation-driven development and manufacturing a strong country". Xin said that state-owned enterprises occupy a dominant position in major industries and key areas related to national security and the lifeline of the national economy, and are an important pillar of the national economy. It is necessary to give full play to the important role of state-owned enterprises in implementing the strategy of manufacturing a strong country and promoting economic transformation and upgrading and the development of the real economy.
The new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation has brought important opportunities to the development of China's manufacturing industry. At present, the gap between China and the world's cutting-edge science and technology in quite a few fields is at the smallest period in history. China has been able to keep up with this round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and realize the transformation, upgrading and innovative development of the manufacturing industry.
According to the new theory, state-owned enterprises are the backbone of national economic development. In promoting economic transformation and upgrading and building a manufacturing power, we should give full play to the following six aspects:
First, adhere to innovation-driven development, accelerate the research and development of core technologies, key technologies and key processes, and enhance core competitiveness; Second, adhere to the deep integration of the two industries, deepen the application of the Internet in the manufacturing field, and comprehensively improve the level of intelligence; Third, adhere to the quality brand first, and constantly enhance the brand value of enterprises and the overall image of "Made in China"; Fourth, adhere to green development, strengthen the research and development and application of advanced energy-saving and environmental protection technologies, processes and equipment, and actively build a green manufacturing system; Fifth, adhere to the strategic focus, focusing on the development of a new generation of information technology industry, high-end CNC machine tools and robots, aerospace equipment, marine engineering equipment, advanced rail transit equipment, new energy vehicles, new materials and so on. To promote the rapid development of advantageous and strategic industries; Sixth, persist in promoting structural adjustment, strengthen strategic cooperation and merger and reorganization of enterprises, optimize the layout of state-owned enterprises, and enhance the overall function and efficiency of the state-owned economy.