(A) differences in cognitive horizons
Although China and Koreans have many similarities in their cognitive horizons, they often use different expressions for the same concept of thinking.
South Korea's "timid as a bean" and China's "timid as a mouse" are exactly the same in the sense of expressing cowardice, although their figurative images are different. China has a famous idiom "Play the lute to a cow", which means to reason with unreasonable people and speak expert words to outsiders. In Korea, there is a similar idiom "chanting to cows", which has exactly the same meaning and the extended meaning of "I can't say it", but one is playing the piano and the other is chanting, but the expression is different; Similarly, in Korean, the words "big bastard" and "jealousy" only have the conceptual meaning of reference, but in Chinese they also contain the imperial meaning of association, so it is disrespectful or even humiliating to say these two words to Han people.
At the same time, the lover of Han nationality means wife or husband, and in Korean it means mistress or mistress. If you don't understand this meaning, it will inevitably be rude; China and South Korea recognize and express the reference object of "husband" from different cultural perspectives, which also creates obstacles to cultural differences. To overcome this obstacle, we must choose a correct cognitive vision: the master in Chinese, the shopkeeper and the shopkeeper in Korean all refer to the husband, and there are also appellations for the husband in Korean, which translates into the outside. This title is related to the mode of distribution and patriarchal clan system. The cultural focus of this title is.
(b) regional and cultural differences
The cultures of all ethnic groups are gradually formed and developed under their own living conditions. Therefore, different nationalities adopt different ways to express the same idea, the same phenomenon or things. China has a long history, and China has a long history and profound culture.
1. The allusions of the two countries have profound implications.
China idioms related to this can be found everywhere, such as, well water does not interfere with river water, Luoyang paper is expensive, drinking Huanglong, holding Xijiang River in pain, etc. Every historical allusion and idiom contains rich historical and cultural information and is a vivid historical story. In Korean culture, there are many such manifestations. For example, "I heard that Beijing is a cliff, so I started climbing from Nandaling", which is a metaphor for hearing some wind and losing courage in a tourist trap.
2. "Left and right" and "North and South"
In China, there has been a tradition of "respecting the right and respecting the left" since ancient times. The idiom "no one can beat him or them" means that "right" here means this; And moving to the left, falling to the left means the next one. In addition, people often say that "South" is always in the front, but Lien Chan is all about North, and North pursues North, and North is connected with defeat. In Korean culture, there is no distinction between North and South, so this expression will confuse Koreans and even bring them misunderstanding.
(c) Differences in customs and cultures
Custom culture refers to the culture formed by national customs and habits that run through daily social life and communication activities. As a thing of human development, multi-ethnic culture is more a thing of individuality caused by cultural differences.
1. Wedding and funeral
It is not surprising that things like getting married, having a birthday and having children are called happy events in China and southern China, but funerals are crimes in China, but they are called white in South Korea, which makes people puzzled.
colour
Koreans like white, call themselves white, and think white is pure and noble. This white worship comes from the worship of gods by Altai people in the north. Brides often wear white dresses at weddings, and modern houses are often decorated with white. In China, white symbolizes death or bad omen, such as Dai Xiao.
On the contrary, red represents happiness, auspiciousness, success and prosperity, which has its own cultural significance and association range among Han people. For example, traditional wedding stickers, the bride's red hijab, red coat and safflower all imply that the newlyweds are prosperous; Hang red lanterns in the New Year, paste red Spring Festival couplets, wear red in the animal year and so on. Koreans don't give red much cultural significance, but in modern times, Koreans have a bad impression of red. On the one hand, they think that red is the color of the * * * production party and the representative of the Soviet Union, which easily reminds them of the pain and suffering of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea. On the other hand, Koreans believe that red can exorcise evil spirits.
3. Numbers
Most festivals in China are odd numbers, such as Spring Festival (65438+ 10 1), Dragon Boat Festival (May 5th), Chinese Valentine's Day (July 7th) and Double Ninth Festival (September 9th), but now people in China prefer even numbers, especially 6 and 8. Koreans have always maintained the Confucian tradition in China, and choosing auspicious days for gifts is singular, and even numbers are the most taboo, so F building is used instead of the 4th floor, or directly from the 3rd floor to the 5th floor. But in China, 4 is a stable number, such as slow and steady.
Religious and cultural differences
China is a traditional Confucian country, which has existed since the time of Emperor Wu of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Confucianism is also the deepest thought of China people, but the Taoist thought of praying for personal peace and happiness is also deeply rooted: worshipping Guan Yu in business and worshipping Bodhisattva in grandma. Traditional moral concepts were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution, and the slogan "Confucius is the enemy of the working people" was very fashionable at that time.
South Korea has always been a pure Confucian during the Korean dynasty. 1945 after independence, Christianity rose rapidly, and 35% people believed in it, replacing Buddhism as the first national religion.