Abstract: North Ikki is the most famous Japanese fascist theorist. He advocated violence, the omnipotence of war, the rationality of a country with a small territory to expand abroad, and tried his best to create a theoretical basis for Japan's aggressive policy. He also declared that Japan would defeat Britain, America and Russia and build a huge world empire. The fascist thoughts and theories of North Korea are the direct theoretical basis for Ikki's foreign expansion, especially its aggression against China. North Ikki (1April 3, 883-65438+August19,0937) was a Japanese thinker, social activist and advocate of nationalism. 1April 3, 883, North Ikki was born in Komachi, Niigata Prefecture, near the Japanese market. Cuochi is a poor coastal town, and most residents are engaged in fishing and agriculture. His father runs the wine industry and used to be a mayor. At 190 1, he claimed to be a socialist, and contributed and commented to the local newspaper < Sado Daily News >. 1904. Before he left his hometown, he lived in Tokyo and worked as an auditor at Waseda University. At the same time, he also kept in touch with the early Japanese socialist (Turk) Liyan and others. 1906, he wrote his first book, National Style and Pure Socialism. The main contents are as follows: First, about the inevitability of socialism. Based on the theory of evolution, he speculated that the development of human society went through three stages, from ancient citizen country, medieval parent country to modern citizen country, and the third stage country was a democratic country. He regards capitalist society and socialist society as the historical development stages of modern citizen countries, but the social organization principle of the former is paranoid individualism, and people are equal in law but unequal in economy. He claimed that his "pure" socialism was extreme collectivism and medieval modernity. Second, the content of socialism. Economically, North China proposes to implement public ownership and public management of land and production institutions. Workers choose their occupations according to their own nature, establish an orderly mode of production on the basis of freedom and independence, and adopt the labor organization mode of conscription. Apart from universal suffrage, North Korea rarely mentions political issues. Thirdly, based on his theory of social development, Nobukuro fully affirmed Japan's national system after the Meiji Restoration, thinking that it was a national country with the sovereignty of all countries, that is, citizens in a broad sense. For such a country, the interests of all citizens and the whole country are the first, the national system is good, and citizens are equal in law. Fourthly, regarding Japan in reality, North believes that the elders of Meiji Restoration abandoned the original intention of the revolution and made the upper classes such as big capitalists and big landlords control the state power. Most of the population fell into the state of employing slaves and serfs, and society split, and Japan became a class country. Therefore, the north advocates overthrowing the big capitalists and landlords, carrying out the second reform revolution, restoring the original appearance of society and realizing socialism. North eliminated it as "retro cocoon life doctrine". Fifth, the ultimate ideal put forward by North is the so-called * * * production society, which is a universal integration of production according to capacity and consumption on demand. However, he also pointed out that due to the great differences and competition between countries, after a country has realized a citizen country, it can exercise its authority over other countries through the world revolution and establish a world federation. The book was banned from publication as soon as it was published. Join the Revolutionary Review Society led by Miyazaki Hayao. 19 1 1 After the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, Ikki was sent to China. 19 13, was ordered to return to China by the Japanese consulate on charges of fund-raising and extortion by unscrupulous means. Write the History of zhina Revolution and send it to politicians and news organizations. I'm starting to believe in Hokkekyo. Hokkekyo predicted that in 2000-2500, after the timely death, the world will enter the era of last law, and there will be a major earthquake: mankind will face mass extinction. There will be four mentors to save mankind and build a new world. North Korea regards the world war and the Russian revolution as major earthquakes, hoping for a turnaround and saving Japan and the world. 19 16, the expulsion order expired and I came to China again. 19 19 the outbreak of the may 4th movement in China once again changed the political activities in northern Ikki. The spearhead of China's national liberation struggle is completely directed at Japan, and many people who used to be comrades in northern Ikki are also in the forefront of the anti-Japanese movement. He regarded this movement as an anti-Japanese movement, so he decided to leave China and "bid farewell to the life he participated in the China Revolution for more than ten years" and return to Japan. In China, he began to write "Outline of Principles of Japan Reform Act" (later renamed "Outline of Japan Reform Act"), which is his third and last important work and reflects Ikki's thought of "transforming the country". This book is divided into eight parts. The first part, entitled "The National Emperor", proposes to mobilize the power of the emperor, impose martial law throughout the country, suspend the implementation of the Constitution for three years and dissolve the National Assembly as the first step to transform Japan. Ikki thinks it is unnecessary to adopt western democracy, because Japan after Meiji Restoration is a modern democratic country with the emperor as the center, so the emperor is "the great emperor of the people" and "defines the principle that the emperor is the general representative of the people and the pillar of national history". After the coup, the Privy Council and other officials were dismissed, the China system and the House of Lords were abolished, and the original warlords, officials, chaebol and party members were excluded when martial law was imposed. The second, third and fourth parts are about ownership. On the basis of the coup, the state has carried out a comprehensive transformation of society. Economically, the amount of private ownership is limited. The standard is that private land should not exceed 30,000 yuan, private enterprises and institutions should not exceed 6.5438+million yuan, and private property should not exceed 3 million yuan. The excess should be handed over to the state free of charge. Ikki believes that human beings have both public desires and private desires, and the motivation of people's creative activities comes entirely from selfish desires. Therefore, private ownership cannot be denied and should be protected and fostered. "No matter how developed, public production cannot cover the whole of national life, and the private economy based on small capital will still occupy the majority in the near future." The various economic measures taken should not make people below the middle class except the so-called upper class suffer the slightest harm. On the other hand, the present national unity is only political unity. Economically, it was a feudal system in the Warring States period, which destroyed the national economic unity and must be abolished. Moreover, the wealth of big capitalists and big landlords is created by social progress and production, and it is concentrated in the hands of a few people because of the poor system, which must be restricted. The state establishes banking, navigation, mining, agriculture, industry and commerce departments to operate state-owned enterprises. The fifth and sixth parts are about workers' rights and citizens' right to exist. It is suggested that the state should set up a Ministry of Labor to protect the rights of all workers and arbitrate labor disputes. In private enterprises, workers participate in the operation and distribution, and half of the net profit is given to workers, and the eight-hour working system is implemented to abolish child labor. However, the state absolutely prohibits strikes, because strikes are a phenomenon in the period of economic and democratic transformation, not the privilege of workers, and should of course be prohibited after the state transformation. Politically, universal suffrage for men will be implemented, and repressive laws such as the Public Security Police Law will be abolished to restore national freedom. Socially, the state protects and supports orphans, the elderly and the disabled, and citizens have the right to education. Provide free textbooks and lunches to school-age children under 0/5 years old. The state protects citizens' human rights and private property. The seventh part is the future policy towards North Korea and the new territory. Because North Korea is not a country or a colony, it should adopt the same laws and principles as Japan, gradually give the local people the right to participate in politics, and extend domestic transformation to North Korea. New territories acquired by Japan in the future will also be handled in accordance with these principles. The eighth part is the rights of the state. In addition to defense, a country has the right to go to war with other countries and nations that are unjustly oppressed. At present, it is a country's right to fight for Indian independence and the preservation of China. As a result of the country's own development, the country also has the right to wage war against those who monopolize other illegal large territories and ignore human existence. At present, in order to obtain Australia and Siberia in the Far East, it is the right of the country to go to war with their masters. Ikki claimed that Japan is the international proletariat, Russia is the world's largest landlord, and Britain is the world's richest man, so it is just to go to war with them. Establish an Asian empire with Japan as the center through war, and then abolish national borders to achieve world peace. 1 965438+August, 20091day, the first Japanese fascist organization, Surviving Society, was established, and Zhou Ming of Dachuan was sent to Shanghai to look for North Ikki. They talked for two days and one night. Dachuan returned to Japan with the Outline of Japanese Reform Society Law, and the following year, North Ikki returned to Japan to attend the society. The syllabus has an influence on Japanese students and young officers. 192 1 On September 28th, 2008, Hirago Asahi, who was influenced by northern Ikki thought, assassinated Zenjiro, the head of one of the four chaebol in An Tian. Hirago lived in poverty in Asahi, and studied at Waseda University and Japanese University successively, but both failed to complete their studies because they could not afford the tuition. Later, he engaged in social movements such as helping the poor, and tried several times to organize societies to change society, all of which failed because of insufficient funds. He went to visit the capitalists to raise money, but they were indifferent. Therefore, he decided to "punish the first and second representatives of the rich to make them reflect and repent". In the article he left behind after committing suicide, he said that anarchism or productism are incompatible with himself, and what can achieve * * * is national socialism. He worships the emperor and emphasizes that the chaebol, political parties and government on your side separate the emperor from his subjects. He called for great prestige, state-owned land and relief for farmers. The content is exactly the same as that of North Korea. Japanese public opinion generally sympathizes with assassin Hirago Asahi. 192 1 year165438+1On October 24th, Japanese Prime Minister Genji was assassinated. The murderer, Ryuichi Nakaoka, was an enthusiastic reader of Xiongjiao magazine, which is still published today. He was inspired by Hirago Asahi to assassinate him. At the beginning of 1922, representatives of Soviet Russia flew to visit Japan. North Korea wrote an open letter condemning Yue Fei, attacking Soviet Russia, and satirizing Tokyo Mayor Goto Xinping who invited Yue Fei. Goto is closely related to Dachuan Zhou Ming. This incident led to the split between North and Dachuan. 1926, he wrote "On the Reform Revolution", summing up from the history of Meiji Restoration that "the Reform Revolution was decided by the frequent assassinations of the general trend of the world", "All revolutions in ancient and modern times relied on military movements, which is the general law of history", "Revolution is the cause of young people" and "it is a struggle between very few people". . In this way, North Ikki supplemented the question of who would complete the "Reform" coup, which was not involved in the Outline of the Reform Act, and focused on young officers. Since then, the folk fascist movement has been closely linked with young officers. Young officers who believed in the theory of North Ikki gradually formed a powerful force. 1February 26th, 936. The "226" incident happened. This incident was committed by young officers influenced by the north and received spiritual support from the north. With about 1400 soldiers, Ando Keizo, Murakami Takashi II, Kurihara and other officers launched an uprising in Tokyo, shouting slogans such as "Showa Reform" and "Respect for the Emperor", attacking the official residence or residence of the head of government, killing cabinet minister Saito, occupying the army province, the General Staff Department, the National Assembly and the Prime Minister's official residence, the Metropolitan Police Department and nearby areas, and demanding that the military leaders resolutely carry out national transformation. On February 29, the head of the army officially issued a crackdown order. On August 19 of the following year, North Ikki and the young officer Nishida Tax (influenced by North, working among young officers, and also being the contact of North and young officers) were executed. After taking part in the anti-Japanese tendency of the China Revolution and the May 4th Movement in the early stage, he wrote the Outline of the Japanese Reform Act in Shanghai, determined to transform Japan from the lower classes and gained wide support. Finally, the 226 incident was formed. Killed by the Japanese government after the failed mutiny. However, his thoughts spread to the world and became the birthplace of Japanese fascism. Today, many Japanese writers, such as Yukio Mishima and directors, such as Yoshishige Yoshida, still miss his thoughts.

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