I sent a message to Han Xing, and I want to recommend Xuanyuan with my blood.
This poem was written in 1903. This poem was written by Lu Xun to Xu Shoushang. Xu Shoushang said with nostalgia: "1903 He was 23 years old, and he gave me a portrait with a title in Tokyo."
Ggv 10 has no intention of escaping the arrow. GV, also called Fu Ling, refers to the heart. "Zhuangzi Geng Sang Chu": "Don't stay in the gv 10." Guo Xiang's Note: "Lingtai people have a heart." Lu Xun wrote in "On Moro Poetry" a few years later that there is a saying "infinite heat, surging into our station"; The article also mentioned the spirit house many times. The arrow of God, the arrow of love in Roman mythology. Xu Shoushang said in the Postscript of Lu Xun's Old Style Poems: "The first sentence of God's Arrow borrows the story of love of God in Roman mythology, that is, foreign allusions." In Roman mythology, there was a boy with wings, which was Cupid. At the same time, his arrow hit the heart of a male anonymous, and both men and women will be combined. But his archery is a bit messy, sometimes the two sides are not suitable, so he also shoots, making people fall in love even if they are not suitable. Lu Xun wrote a vernacular poem "Love God" during the May Fourth Movement. The poem said that "Love God" shot an arrow and was shot in the chest. He asked him, "Who should I love?" He replied: "if you love someone, you will love him desperately;" If you don't love anyone, you can die for yourself. " In other words, he means "archery for archery's sake", and he doesn't care whether the men and women he shoots casually are suitable. This is a bit like the "old man under the moon" in China mythology. Under the unreasonable marriage system, people mention him not so much at the moment of happiness in love, but often at the moment of dissatisfaction in marriage, that is, when love is helpless. Lu Xun wrote Cupid to expose the irrationality of feudal marriage. Isn't the first sentence of this poem "There is no way to escape from the arrow of God" exactly what it means to be shot in the chest by an arrow? 1903 In the summer, Lu Xun returned to China for the summer vacation, and his mother asked him to agree to the marriage with Zhu Jiajian mentioned as early as when he was studying in Nanjing. Lu Xun didn't want to go against the wishes of his young widowed mother, so he agreed. It is estimated that after Lu Xun returned to Japan on vacation, his mother went through the engagement formalities. In feudal society, engagement is almost as important as marriage, and once things are settled, they cannot be changed. Therefore, the summer vacation of 1903 is a critical moment for Lu Xun's unfortunate marriage, and 1906 is just for "getting married". Lu Xun was very dissatisfied with this marriage, so he had the poem "There is no way to escape the arrow".
The storm is like a rock, and my hometown is dark. Hometown refers to old country and hometown. Darkness, darkness. The motherland and hometown are in the darkness of the storm. In the natural environment, it is stormy and dark, and people sometimes describe it as "stormy". Disk, a flat stone, is a heavy pressure of wind and rain. Lu Xun wrote to Xu Shoushang in June 19 10, 65438+February 2 1, saying, "It's raining and snowing in my hometown, and it's getting warmer recently, but I don't want to die if it's stormy." This natural scene has always been used as a metaphor in poetry and is associated with political repression and oppression. For example, there is a poem in "Chivalrous Travels" written by Guan Xiu at the end of the Tang Dynasty, "The wind and rain at dusk are as black as a rock"; Gong Zizhen, a poet in A Qing, wrote in "Julia Crying in Dongting": "Dark clouds and geese are like falling rocks". In Lu Xun 1908' s On the Sound of Breaking Evil, there are also words like "Dark clouds are like a rock" to describe the darkness and oppression of the rule at that time. This "storm" of course refers to the political storm. The plundering and decadent feudal rule of the invaders put the people under heavy pressure and plunged the motherland into darkness. This poem expresses the poet's deep feelings about it. Dark rule means dark material rule and spiritual rule, which leads to people's poverty, backwardness and ignorance. Feudal marriage is one of the manifestations of dark material rule and spiritual rule, and it is also a shadow hanging over people's lives.
Send a message to Han Xing. In the long dark night, the cold star in the sky is the only flasher, which gives hope to those who pursue light. "Send a message to a cold star" is probably what the poet means in this poem. "Nine Debates on Chu Ci": "May the messenger be a meteor, and it will be difficult for Qiang people; The pawn covered this cloud, and the sky was dark and the desert was vast. " Wang Yi's "Songs of the South" thinks that the sentence of "meteor" means "loyalty and virtue" and that "meteor" means "monarch". Wang Fuzhi's Interpretation of Songs of the South holds that "meteor" refers to "villain"; "Its treachery flashed by", but it "showed off like a meteor". Lu Xun's "cold star" in this poem is neither a gentleman nor a villain. He just adopted the grammar of nine arguments. So, who is the "cold star" in Lu Xun's poems? I thought it meant the people, the people. "I don't value it", and the words "Li Sao" are written: "I don't value my feelings, but I trust it and get angry." Wang Yi thinks: "Spring, vanilla, is a metaphor for Jun", and Zhu also thinks: "This is also a moral to Jun", but in Chu Ci, spring is not just used to refer to Jun. In Li Sao, there is a saying: "It becomes tasteless and hairy." Orchid, bitter orange, whole herb and hui herb are all herbs, but some are not fragrant and some are evil. Hair, evil grass. This means that some virtuous ministers have gone bad. It can be seen that the "power" in the Songs of the South can be used to refer to both the monarch and the minister. In this poem by Lu Xun, "power" refers to the people and the people. "Han Xing" and "power" both refer to citizens and people. The moral of "I'm worried" is that I put my hopes on the people, but the people haven't awakened, and they can't understand my hopes. Some researchers say: Lu Xun refers to his mother here as "all", but does not pay attention to "all", so he has to send a message to the cold star in the sky. I don't think there is much contradiction between this statement and my understanding. Mother can't understand Lu Xun's desire for freedom and autonomy in marriage, because she is also a backward, ignorant and unawakened member. There is no need to oppose and separate mothers from people.
"Compatriots are not awake" is also the common understanding and anxiety of many revolutionaries at that time. Zou Rong shouted loudly in Revolutionary Army: "The revolution must first go to the root of slavery?" What Qiu Jin never forgets in "Desperate Words to Xu Xiaoshu" is: "The drunken dream of hurting compatriots is still faint. Who is sad for Lu Chen of the motherland?" The same is true of Lu Xun's thought.
I am determined to dedicate my life to my motherland. This is the conclusion of this poem. This became the poet's oath. This oath is closely related to the revolutionary trend of thought at that time.
1903 was a year of surging revolutionary movements among Japanese students studying in China and southeast provinces. Revolutionaries from Hubei and Hunan established revolutionary organizations in Changsha after the growing revolutionary movement of 1903. Revolutionaries in Zhejiang and southern Jiangsu, in the constant revolutionary struggle, established the Military National Education Association in Shanghai on 1903. On this basis, 1904 established the revolutionary organization Guangfu Association. Small revolutionary groups have also been established in other provinces. The purpose of these revolutionary organizations is almost to oppose feudal autocratic rule and Qing dynasty rule, and to combine democratic revolution with national revolution. "Revitalizing the Han nationality and expelling the Manchu Tatars" has become the slogan of many revolutionaries. The ancestors of the Han nationality were the Yellow Emperor, that is, Xuanyuan, so the Yellow Emperor and Xuanyuan also became the objects of great praise. During this period, newspapers and books were also published to publicize the revolution. For example, Zou Rong's Revolutionary Army, published in May 1903, begins by saying, "How magnificent is the revolution? Emperor, revolution? " The revolution is: "Sweep away all kinds of autocratic regimes for thousands of years, remove all kinds of servility for thousands of years, eliminate 5 million Manchu species with strange hair and horns, wash away the shame of 260 years of cruelty and cruelty, and return Chinese mainland to a pure land?" The main body of the revolution is "my emperor and Han nationality" and "Xuanyuan descendants". When wuyue, a member of the Guangfu Association, died because of the bombing of the Qing minister, Qiu Jin wrote the poem "Hanging Wu Martyr" and said, "If you are worthy of Xuanyuan Sun?" Qiu Jin also wrote in "Bao Dao Ge": "Recalling the name of my ancestor Xuanyuan, the origin is based on Kunlun, the Yellow River and the Yangtze River open, and the sword sets the Central Plains." At that time, the revolutionaries also published the booklet "The Soul of the Yellow Emperor", and Zhang Taiyan also proposed to abolish the year of the Qing Emperor and change it to the year of the Yellow Emperor (taking the year of the birth of the Yellow Emperor as the first year). In the poems of revolutionaries at that time, we can find many examples of praising the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan and opposing the Manchu rule.
Revolutionary organizations at that time, both Huaxing Society and Guangfu Society, advocated assassination and riots in their revolutionary way. This reflects the immaturity of the primary stage of China's democratic revolution. Cai Yuanpei was born in a scholarly family. He is a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, a famous academician, and can be said to be a scholar. However, as the leader of the Guangfu Association, he also advocated: "There are only two roads to revolution: one is riots and the other is assassination." The Guangfu Association contacted mainland societies for riots and assassinations. Thus, in the Guangfu Association, there were bomb explosions in wuyue, assassinations in Anqing, assassinations in Xu Xilin, and bloodshed in Shaoxing uprising in Qiu Jin. Dedication to the revolution was the general ideological preparation of revolutionaries at that time.
I recommend Xuanyuan with blood? This is indeed a revolutionary oath, with obvious color of the Guangfu Association. It shines with the light of thought that was at the forefront of the times, and at the same time, like everything else, it is deeply branded by the times.
Some people may say: according to your interpretation, there are four sentences in the whole poem. The second, third and fourth sentences are about the motherland, people and dedication to the revolution, while the first sentence begins with personal marriage. As far as the whole poem is concerned, is this harmonious? I think it's very harmonious. Marriage is a personal event, and the second and third poems just tell the social reasons for the unfortunate marriage: dark rule and people's ignorance. From my personal experience, I felt that the rule of darkness was going to be overthrown and the people were going to realize it, so I made a poem with great commitment. Many revolutionaries suffered misfortune in their lives, which encouraged them to join the revolution. Lu Xun also told Xu Shoushang and others that marriage is unfortunate, but with her mother's company, she can participate in revolutionary activities without hindrance.
Xu Shoushang was the first recipient of this poem. His understanding of this poem has always been valued by commentators. In his Homesickness, written in February 1936, he said: "The first sentence says that studying in a foreign country is deeply exciting, the second sentence says that looking at the old country from a distance is precarious, and the third sentence says that compatriots are not awake and feel lonely, and finally express their arms directly. This is the motto of lifelong practice." 1944 In the Postscript of Lu Xun's Poems in the Old Style, Xu Shoushang said: "The first sentence of the Arrow of God borrows the story of the love of God in Roman mythology, that is, exotic allusions. The first part is about the deep stimulation of studying in a foreign country, the feeling of looking at the old country from afar, and the feeling of compatriots living in a drunken dream. The last sentence is to express their arms directly, which is their vows of lifelong practice. " Judging from these two paragraphs, Xu Shoushang's understanding of the first sentence is rather vague. What is the stimulus of studying abroad? What is the relationship between the first sentence "the arrow of God" and "borrowing the story of God in Roman mythology" and "the exciting depth of studying abroad"? He didn't even say it. My interpretation of the portrait on my topic is not contradictory to Xu Shoushang's understanding of the first sentence, but my understanding of the second, third and fourth sentences is basically the same.